Contrail (English Wikipedia)

West, Mick (10 November 2010). "A Problem of Perspective – New Year's Eve Contrail". Archived from the original on 12 November 2010. Retrieved 10 November 2010.

copernicus.org (Global: 5,068^th place; English: 3,578^th place)

acp.copernicus.org

Gettelman, Andrew; Chen, Chieh-Chieh; Bardeen, Charles G. (18 June 2021). "The climate impact of COVID-19-induced contrail changes". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 21 (12): 9405–9416. Bibcode:2021ACP....21.9405G. doi:10.5194/acp-21-9405-2021. ISSN 1680-7316.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Li, Chenshuo; Fu, Debin; Wei, Tianyu (21 February 2025). "Random walk dispersion model for missile contrail particles in cross-airspace environments". Defence Technology. 49: 307–320. doi:10.1016/j.dt.2025.02.015. ISSN 2214-9147.
Voigt, Ch.; Schumann, U.; Graf, K. (1 July 2016). Calabro, M.; Deluca, L.; Frolov, S.; Galfetti, L.; Haidn, O. (eds.). "Contrail formation in the tropopause region caused by emissions from an Ariane 5 rocket". EUCASS Proceedings Series. 8: 183–196. Bibcode:2016EUCAS...8..183V. doi:10.1051/eucass/201608183. ISBN 978-5-94588-191-4.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link)
Ritchie, Glenn; Still, Kenneth; Rossi Iii, John; Bekkedal, Marni; Bobb, Andrew; Arfsten, Darryl (2003). "Biological and health effects of exposure to kerosene-based jet fuels and performance additives". Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B. 6 (4): 357–451. Bibcode:2003JTEHB...6..357R. doi:10.1080/10937400306473. PMID 12775519. S2CID 30595016.
Gettelman, Andrew; Chen, Chieh-Chieh; Bardeen, Charles G. (18 June 2021). "The climate impact of COVID-19-induced contrail changes". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 21 (12): 9405–9416. Bibcode:2021ACP....21.9405G. doi:10.5194/acp-21-9405-2021. ISSN 1680-7316.
Euchenhofer, Marlene V.; Prashanth, Prakash; Parke, Sydney A.; Eastham, Sebastian D.; Waitz, Ian A. (2025). "Contrail Observation Limitations Using Geostationary Satellites". Geophysical Research Letters. 52 (24) e2025GL118386. doi:10.1029/2025GL118386. hdl:10044/1/127000. ISSN 1944-8007.
Gourgue, Nicolas; Boucher, Olivier; Barthès, Laurent (1 April 2025). "A dataset of annotated ground-based images for the development of contrail detection algorithms". Data in Brief. 59 111364. Bibcode:2025DIB....5911364G. doi:10.1016/j.dib.2025.111364. ISSN 2352-3409. PMC 11870224. PMID 40027242.
Petzold, Andreas; Khan, Neelam F.; Li, Yun; Spichtinger, Peter; Rohs, Susanne; Crewell, Susanne; Wahner, Andreas; Krämer, Martina (3 November 2025). "Most long-lived contrails form within cirrus clouds with uncertain climate impact". Nature Communications. 16 (1). doi:10.1038/s41467-025-65532-2. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 12583729. PMID 41184289. Retrieved 18 February 2026.

eurocontrol.int (Global: low place; English: low place)

"From research to operations: MUAC is pioneering ATM Condensation Trail (CONTRAIL) avoidance measures | EUROCONTROL". www.eurocontrol.int. 12 May 2025. Retrieved 29 December 2025.
"EUROCONTROL launches ContrailNet – the new network to create a common repository of contrail observation data | EUROCONTROL". www.eurocontrol.int. 7 November 2023. Retrieved 12 May 2024.
"Contrails Research at Eurocontrol" (PDF).

europa.eu (Global: 62^nd place; English: 100^th place)

euspa.europa.eu

Durant, Adam. "Contrail prevention through flight plan modification" (PDF).

easa.europa.eu

"ANCEN (NONCO2) – Aviation Non-CO2 Experts Network (ANCEN) | EASA". www.easa.europa.eu. 25 November 2020. Retrieved 29 December 2025.

faa.gov (Global: 985^th place; English: 575^th place)

"Aircraft Contrails Factsheet" (PDF). FAA.Gov. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 September 2006. Retrieved 10 September 2023.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Euchenhofer, Marlene V.; Prashanth, Prakash; Parke, Sydney A.; Eastham, Sebastian D.; Waitz, Ian A. (2025). "Contrail Observation Limitations Using Geostationary Satellites". Geophysical Research Letters. 52 (24) e2025GL118386. doi:10.1029/2025GL118386. hdl:10044/1/127000. ISSN 1944-8007.

ifatca.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Contrail Avoidance Strategies" (PDF).

mercurynews.com (Global: 989^th place; English: 514^th place)

"Pentagon: 'Mystery missile' was probably airplane". Mercury News/AP. 10 November 2010. Archived from the original on 12 January 2012. Retrieved 11 November 2010.

namesofclouds.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Cirrus Aviaticus – Cirrus – Names of Clouds". namesofclouds.com. Retrieved 13 October 2021.

nasa.gov (Global: 12^th place; English: 73^rd place)

earthobservatory.nasa.gov

"The Russian Missile Contrail You May Have Missed During the Shutdown". earthobservatory.nasa.gov. NASA Earth Observatory. 17 October 2013. Archived from the original on 17 February 2025. Retrieved 28 February 2025.

science-edu.larc.nasa.gov

"Contrail Education – FAQ". nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 8 April 2016.

nats.aero (Global: low place; English: low place)

Andrews, Siân (13 December 2023). "Leading the Way in Contrail Avoidance". NATS Blog. Retrieved 12 May 2024.

nature.com (Global: 207^th place; English: 347^th place)

Petzold, Andreas; Khan, Neelam F.; Li, Yun; Spichtinger, Peter; Rohs, Susanne; Crewell, Susanne; Wahner, Andreas; Krämer, Martina (3 November 2025). "Most long-lived contrails form within cirrus clouds with uncertain climate impact". Nature Communications. 16 (1). doi:10.1038/s41467-025-65532-2. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 12583729. PMID 41184289. Retrieved 18 February 2026.

newscientist.com (Global: 1,041^st place; English: 901^st place)

McKee, Maggie (9 November 2010). "Mystery 'missile' likely a jet contrail, says expert". New Scientist. Archived from the original on 10 November 2010. Retrieved 10 November 2010.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Ritchie, Glenn; Still, Kenneth; Rossi Iii, John; Bekkedal, Marni; Bobb, Andrew; Arfsten, Darryl (2003). "Biological and health effects of exposure to kerosene-based jet fuels and performance additives". Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B. 6 (4): 357–451. Bibcode:2003JTEHB...6..357R. doi:10.1080/10937400306473. PMID 12775519. S2CID 30595016.
Gourgue, Nicolas; Boucher, Olivier; Barthès, Laurent (1 April 2025). "A dataset of annotated ground-based images for the development of contrail detection algorithms". Data in Brief. 59 111364. Bibcode:2025DIB....5911364G. doi:10.1016/j.dib.2025.111364. ISSN 2352-3409. PMC 11870224. PMID 40027242.
Petzold, Andreas; Khan, Neelam F.; Li, Yun; Spichtinger, Peter; Rohs, Susanne; Crewell, Susanne; Wahner, Andreas; Krämer, Martina (3 November 2025). "Most long-lived contrails form within cirrus clouds with uncertain climate impact". Nature Communications. 16 (1). doi:10.1038/s41467-025-65532-2. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 12583729. PMID 41184289. Retrieved 18 February 2026.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Gourgue, Nicolas; Boucher, Olivier; Barthès, Laurent (1 April 2025). "A dataset of annotated ground-based images for the development of contrail detection algorithms". Data in Brief. 59 111364. Bibcode:2025DIB....5911364G. doi:10.1016/j.dib.2025.111364. ISSN 2352-3409. PMC 11870224. PMID 40027242.
Petzold, Andreas; Khan, Neelam F.; Li, Yun; Spichtinger, Peter; Rohs, Susanne; Crewell, Susanne; Wahner, Andreas; Krämer, Martina (3 November 2025). "Most long-lived contrails form within cirrus clouds with uncertain climate impact". Nature Communications. 16 (1). doi:10.1038/s41467-025-65532-2. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 12583729. PMID 41184289. Retrieved 18 February 2026.

nwas.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

nwafiles.nwas.org

Corfidi, Stephen; Brandli, Hank (May 1986). "GOES views aircraft distrails" (PDF). National Weather Digest. 11: 37–39. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 April 2017. Retrieved 13 October 2021.

research.google (Global: low place; English: low place)

sites.research.google

"Project Contrails: Preventing Contrails with AI – Google Research". Project Contrails: Preventing Contrails with AI – Google Research. Retrieved 12 May 2024.

rff.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Contrails, Aviation, and Climate Change". Resources for the Future. Retrieved 29 December 2025.

science.org (Global: 1,007^th place; English: 665^th place)

"Airplane contrails may not be the climate villain once feared". www.science.org. Retrieved 29 December 2025.

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137^th place; English: 146^th place)

Li, Chenshuo; Fu, Debin; Wei, Tianyu (21 February 2025). "Random walk dispersion model for missile contrail particles in cross-airspace environments". Defence Technology. 49: 307–320. doi:10.1016/j.dt.2025.02.015. ISSN 2214-9147.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Ritchie, Glenn; Still, Kenneth; Rossi Iii, John; Bekkedal, Marni; Bobb, Andrew; Arfsten, Darryl (2003). "Biological and health effects of exposure to kerosene-based jet fuels and performance additives". Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B. 6 (4): 357–451. Bibcode:2003JTEHB...6..357R. doi:10.1080/10937400306473. PMID 12775519. S2CID 30595016.

snipercountry.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Vapor trail and Bullet trace". Sniper Country. 9 August 2018. Retrieved 13 October 2021.

theweathernetwork.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Sutherland, Scott (23 March 2017). "Cloud Atlas joins the digital age while adding a dozen new cloud types". The Weather Network. Pelmorex Media. Retrieved 13 August 2025.
Sutherland, Scott (23 March 2017). "Cloud Atlas joins the digital age while adding 11 new cloud types". The Weather Network. Pelmorex Media. Retrieved 13 August 2025.

transportenvironment.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Contrails and aviation's other hidden emissions". T&E. Retrieved 29 December 2025.

usra.edu (Global: 1,836^th place; English: 1,966^th place)

epod.usra.edu

"Distrail on Earth Science Picture of the Day". epod.usra.edu. Archived from the original on 16 October 2002. Retrieved 11 January 2008.

verticalmag.com (Global: low place; English: 6,893^rd place)

"Photos from the field". Vertical Magazine. April–May 2014. p. 39. Archived from the original on 16 July 2014. Retrieved 8 July 2014.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Aircraft Contrails Factsheet" (PDF). FAA.Gov. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 September 2006. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
"The Russian Missile Contrail You May Have Missed During the Shutdown". earthobservatory.nasa.gov. NASA Earth Observatory. 17 October 2013. Archived from the original on 17 February 2025. Retrieved 28 February 2025.
"Contrail Education – FAQ". nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 8 April 2016.
"Photos from the field". Vertical Magazine. April–May 2014. p. 39. Archived from the original on 16 July 2014. Retrieved 8 July 2014.
McKee, Maggie (9 November 2010). "Mystery 'missile' likely a jet contrail, says expert". New Scientist. Archived from the original on 10 November 2010. Retrieved 10 November 2010.
West, Mick (10 November 2010). "A Problem of Perspective – New Year's Eve Contrail". Archived from the original on 12 November 2010. Retrieved 10 November 2010.
"Pentagon Can't Explain "Missile" off California". CBS. 9 November 2010. Archived from the original on 10 November 2010. Retrieved 10 November 2010.
Bahneman, Liem (9 November 2010). "It was US Airways flight 808". Archived from the original on 13 November 2010. Retrieved 10 November 2010.
"Pentagon: 'Mystery missile' was probably airplane". Mercury News/AP. 10 November 2010. Archived from the original on 12 January 2012. Retrieved 11 November 2010.
"Distrail on Earth Science Picture of the Day". epod.usra.edu. Archived from the original on 16 October 2002. Retrieved 11 January 2008.
Corfidi, Stephen; Brandli, Hank (May 1986). "GOES views aircraft distrails" (PDF). National Weather Digest. 11: 37–39. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 April 2017. Retrieved 13 October 2021.

wiley.com (Global: 150^th place; English: 174^th place)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Euchenhofer, Marlene V.; Prashanth, Prakash; Parke, Sydney A.; Eastham, Sebastian D.; Waitz, Ian A. (2025). "Contrail Observation Limitations Using Geostationary Satellites". Geophysical Research Letters. 52 (24) e2025GL118386. doi:10.1029/2025GL118386. hdl:10044/1/127000. ISSN 1944-8007.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Li, Chenshuo; Fu, Debin; Wei, Tianyu (21 February 2025). "Random walk dispersion model for missile contrail particles in cross-airspace environments". Defence Technology. 49: 307–320. doi:10.1016/j.dt.2025.02.015. ISSN 2214-9147.
Gettelman, Andrew; Chen, Chieh-Chieh; Bardeen, Charles G. (18 June 2021). "The climate impact of COVID-19-induced contrail changes". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 21 (12): 9405–9416. Bibcode:2021ACP....21.9405G. doi:10.5194/acp-21-9405-2021. ISSN 1680-7316.
Euchenhofer, Marlene V.; Prashanth, Prakash; Parke, Sydney A.; Eastham, Sebastian D.; Waitz, Ian A. (2025). "Contrail Observation Limitations Using Geostationary Satellites". Geophysical Research Letters. 52 (24) e2025GL118386. doi:10.1029/2025GL118386. hdl:10044/1/127000. ISSN 1944-8007.
Gourgue, Nicolas; Boucher, Olivier; Barthès, Laurent (1 April 2025). "A dataset of annotated ground-based images for the development of contrail detection algorithms". Data in Brief. 59 111364. Bibcode:2025DIB....5911364G. doi:10.1016/j.dib.2025.111364. ISSN 2352-3409. PMC 11870224. PMID 40027242.
Petzold, Andreas; Khan, Neelam F.; Li, Yun; Spichtinger, Peter; Rohs, Susanne; Crewell, Susanne; Wahner, Andreas; Krämer, Martina (3 November 2025). "Most long-lived contrails form within cirrus clouds with uncertain climate impact". Nature Communications. 16 (1). doi:10.1038/s41467-025-65532-2. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 12583729. PMID 41184289. Retrieved 18 February 2026.

youtube.com (Global: 13^th place; English: 14^th place)

"Vapor Trail vs Bullet Trace". YouTube. 18 October 2017. Retrieved 13 October 2021.

Contrail (English Wikipedia)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; English: 9th place)

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bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; English: 23^rd place)

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

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copernicus.org (Global: 5,068^th place; English: 3,578^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

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nature.com (Global: 207^th place; English: 347^th place)

newscientist.com (Global: 1,041^st place; English: 901^st place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

science.org (Global: 1,007^th place; English: 665^th place)

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137^th place; English: 146^th place)

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verticalmag.com (Global: low place; English: 6,893^rd place)

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