Control of fire by early humans (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Control of fire by early humans" in English language version.

refsWebsite

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43doi.org

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abc.net.au (Global: 139^th place; English: 108^th place)

Viegas, Jennifer (22 November 2005). "Homo erectus ate crunchy food". News in Science. abc.net.au. Retrieved 12 November 2007.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 8^th place; English: 10^th place)

news.bbc.co.uk

Rincon, Paul (29 April 2004). "Early human fire skills revealed". BBC News. Retrieved 12 November 2007.

bbc.co.uk

Ghosh, Pallab; Sargeant, Paul; Visual Journalism team (10 December 2025). "The moment the earliest known man-made fire was uncovered". BBC News. Retrieved 11 December 2025.

berkeley.edu (Global: 580^th place; English: 462^nd place)

"Meat-eating was essential for human evolution, says UC Berkeley anthropologist specializing in diet". 14 June 1999. Retrieved 6 December 2010.

beyondveg.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"First Control of Fire by Human Beings – How Early?". Retrieved 12 November 2007.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Burton, Frances D. (29 September 2011). "2". Fire: The Spark That Ignited Human Evolution. UNM Press. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-8263-4648-3. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
Washburn, S. L. (11 October 2013). Social Life of Early Man. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-54361-6.
Dunbar, R. I. M.; Gamble, Clive; Gowlett, J. A. J. (13 November 2016). Lucy to Language: The Benchmark Papers. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-965259-4.

cambridge.org (Global: 305^th place; English: 264^th place)

Marlize Lombard; Peter Gärdenfors (2023). "Minds on Fire: Cognitive Aspects of Early Firemaking and the Possible Inventors of Firemaking Kits". Cambridge Archaeological Journal. 33 (3). Cambridge University Press: 499–519. doi:10.1017/S0959774322000439.

discovermagazine.com (Global: 3,042^nd place; English: 2,171^st place)

"Archaeologists Find Earliest Evidence of Humans Cooking With Fire | DiscoverMagazine.com". Discover Magazine. Retrieved 13 November 2016.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

James, Steven R. (February 1989). "Hominid Use of Fire in the Lower and Middle Pleistocene: A Review of the Evidence" (PDF). Current Anthropology. 30 (1): 1–26. doi:10.1086/203705. S2CID 146473957. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 December 2015. Retrieved 4 April 2012.
Berna, Francesco; Goldberg, Paul; Horwitz, Liora Kolska; Brink, James; Holt, Sharon; Bamford, Marion; Chazan, Michael (15 May 2012). "Microstratigraphic evidence of in situ fire in the Acheulean strata of Wonderwerk Cave, Northern Cape province, South Africa". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (20): E1215–20. doi:10.1073/pnas.1117620109. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 3356665. PMID 22474385.
Goren-Inbar, Naama; Alperson, Nira; Kislev, Mordechai E.; Simchoni, Orit; Melamed, Yoel; Ben-Nun, Adi; Werker, Ella (30 April 2004). "Evidence of Hominin Control of Fire at Gesher Benot Ya'aqov, Israel". Science. 304 (5671): 725–727. Bibcode:2004Sci...304..725G. doi:10.1126/science.1095443. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 15118160. S2CID 8444444.
Zohar, Irit; Alperson-Afil, Nira; Goren-Inbar, Naama; Prévost, Marion; Tütken, Thomas; Sisma-Ventura, Guy; Hershkovitz, Israel; Najorka, Jens (December 2022). "Evidence for the cooking of fish 780,000 years ago at Gesher Benot Ya'aqov, Israel". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 6 (12): 2016–2028. Bibcode:2022NatEE...6.2016Z. doi:10.1038/s41559-022-01910-z. ISSN 2397-334X. PMID 36376603. S2CID 253522354.
Organ, Chris (22 August 2011). "Phylogenetic rate shifts in feeding time during the evolution of Homo". PNAS. 108 (35): 14555–14559. Bibcode:2011PNAS..10814555O. doi:10.1073/pnas.1107806108. PMC 3167533. PMID 21873223.
Bentsen, Silje (27 October 2020). "Fire Use". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Anthropology. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190854584.013.52. ISBN 978-0-19-085458-4.
Davis, Rob (10 December 2025). "Earliest evidence of making fire". Nature. doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09855-6. PMID 41372405.
Brown, Kyle S.; Marean, Curtis W.; Herries, Andy I.R.; Jacobs, Zenobia; Tribolo, Chantal; Braun, David; Roberts, David L.; Meyer, Michael C.; Bernatchez, J. (14 August 2009), "Fire as an Engineering Tool of Early Modern Humans", Science, 325 (5942): 859–862, Bibcode:2009Sci...325..859B, doi:10.1126/science.1175028, hdl:11422/11102, PMID 19679810, S2CID 43916405
MacDonald, Katharine (24 January 2017). "The use of fire and human distribution". Temperature. 4 (2): 153–165. doi:10.1080/23328940.2017.1284637. PMC 5489006. PMID 28680931.
Gowlett, J. A. J. (2016). "The discovery of fire by humans: a long and convoluted process". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 371 (1696) 20150164. doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0164. ISSN 0962-8436. PMC 4874402. PMID 27216521.
Pruetz, Jill D.; Herzog, Nicole M. (2017). "Savanna Chimpanzees at Fongoli, Senegal, Navigate a Fire Landscape". Current Anthropology. 58: S000. doi:10.1086/692112. ISSN 0011-3204. S2CID 148782684.
Parker, Christopher H.; Keefe, Earl R.; Herzog, Nicole M.; O'connell, James F.; Hawkes, Kristen (2016). "The pyrophilic primate hypothesis". Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews. 25 (2): 54–63. doi:10.1002/evan.21475. ISSN 1060-1538. PMID 27061034. S2CID 22744464.
Herzog, Nicole M.; Parker, Christopher H.; Keefe, Earl R.; Coxworth, James; Barrett, Alan; Hawkes, Kristen (2014). "Fire and home range expansion: A behavioral response to burning among savanna dwelling vervet monkeys (Chlorocebusaethiops)". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 154 (4): 554–60. Bibcode:2014AJPA..154..554H. doi:10.1002/ajpa.22550. ISSN 0002-9483. PMID 24889076.
Gowlett, J. A. J.; Brink, J. S.; Caris, Adam; Hoare, Sally; Rucina, S. M. (2017). "Evidence of Burning from Bushfires in Southern and East Africa and Its Relevance to Hominin Evolution". Current Anthropology. 58 (S16): S206 – S216. doi:10.1086/692249. ISSN 0011-3204. S2CID 164509111.
Chazan, Michael (2017). "Toward a Long Prehistory of Fire". Current Anthropology. 58: S000. doi:10.1086/691988. ISSN 0011-3204. S2CID 149271414.
Gowlett, J. A. J. (23 May 2016). "The discovery of fire by humans: a long and convoluted process". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 371 (1696) 20150164. doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0164. PMC 4874402. PMID 27216521.
Stepka, Zane; Azuri, Ido; Horwitz, Liora Kolska; Chazan, Michael; Natalio, Filipe (21 June 2022). "Hidden signatures of early fire at Evron Quarry (1.0 to 0.8 Mya)". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 119 (25) e2123439119. Bibcode:2022PNAS..11923439S. doi:10.1073/pnas.2123439119. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 9231470. PMID 35696581.
Brown, KS; Marean, CW; Herries, AI; Jacobs, Z; Tribolo, C; Braun, D; Roberts, DL; Meyer, MC; Bernatchez, J (2009). "Fire As an Engineering Tool of Early Modern Humans". Science. 325 (5942): 859–62. Bibcode:2009Sci...325..859B. doi:10.1126/science.1175028. hdl:11422/11102. PMID 19679810. S2CID 43916405.
Webb, J. Domanski M. (2009). "Fire and Stone". Science. 325 (5942): 820–21. Bibcode:2009Sci...325..820W. doi:10.1126/science.1178014. PMID 19679799. S2CID 206521911.
Weiner, S.; Q. Xu; P. Goldberg; J. Liu; O. Bar-Yosef (1998). "Evidence for the Use of Fire at Zhoukoudian, China". Science. 281 (5374): 251–53. Bibcode:1998Sci...281..251W. doi:10.1126/science.281.5374.251. PMID 9657718.
Shahack‑Gross, R.; Karkanas, P; Lemorini, C; Gopher, A; Barkai, R (April 2014). "Evidence for the repeated use of a central hearth at Middle Pleistocene". Journal of Archaeological Science. 44: 12–21. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2013.11.015. Retrieved 11 August 2025.
Karkanas P, Shahack-Gross R, Ayalon A, et al. (August 2007). "Evidence for habitual use of fire at the end of the Lower Paleolithic: site-formation processes at Qesem Cave, Israel" (PDF). J. Hum. Evol. 53 (2): 197–212. Bibcode:2007JHumE..53..197K. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.04.002. PMID 17572475.
Agam, Aviad; Azuri, Ido; Pinkas, Iddo; Gopher, Avi; Natalio, Filipe (2020). "Estimating temperatures of heated Lower Palaeolithic flint artefacts" (PDF). Nature Human Behaviour. 5 (2): 221–228. doi:10.1038/s41562-020-00955-z. PMID 33020589. S2CID 222160202.^{[permanent dead link]}
Jha, Deepak Kumar; Samrat, Rahul; Sanyal, Prasanta (15 January 2021). "The first evidence of controlled use of fire by prehistoric humans during the Middle Paleolithic phase from the Indian subcontinent". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 562 110151. Bibcode:2021PPP...56210151J. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.110151. S2CID 229392002. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
Preece, R. C. (2006). "Humans in the Hoxnian: habitat, context and fire use at Beeches Pit, West Stow, Suffolk, UK". Journal of Quaternary Science. 21 (5): 485–96. Bibcode:2006JQS....21..485P. doi:10.1002/jqs.1043.
Sorensen, A. C.; Claud, E.; Soressi, M. (19 July 2018). "Neandertal fire-making technology inferred from microwear analysis". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 10065. Bibcode:2018NatSR...810065S. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-28342-9. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6053370. PMID 30026576.
Marlize Lombard; Peter Gärdenfors (2023). "Minds on Fire: Cognitive Aspects of Early Firemaking and the Possible Inventors of Firemaking Kits". Cambridge Archaeological Journal. 33 (3). Cambridge University Press: 499–519. doi:10.1017/S0959774322000439.
Bellomo, Randy V. (1 July 1994). "Methods of determining early hominid behavioral activities associated with the controlled use of fire at FxJj 20 Main, Koobi Fora, Kenva". Journal of Human Evolution. 27 (1): 173–195. Bibcode:1994JHumE..27..173B. doi:10.1006/jhev.1994.1041.
Delagnes, Anne; Schmidt, Patrick; Douze, Katja; Wurz, Sarah; Bellot-Gurlet, Ludovic; Conard, Nicholas J.; Nickel, Klaus G.; Niekerk, Karen L. van; Henshilwood, Christopher S. (19 October 2016). "Early Evidence for the Extensive Heat Treatment of Silcrete in the Howiesons Poort at Klipdrift Shelter (Layer PBD, 65 ka), South Africa". PLOS ONE. 11 (10) e0163874. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1163874D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0163874. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5070848. PMID 27760210.
Gowlett, J. a. J. (5 June 2016). "The discovery of fire by humans: a long and convoluted process". Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. 371 (1696) 20150164. doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0164. ISSN 0962-8436. PMC 4874402. PMID 27216521.
Wiessner, Polly W. (30 September 2014). "Embers of society: Firelight talk among the Ju/'hoansi Bushmen". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 111 (39): 14027–14035. doi:10.1073/pnas.1404212111. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4191796. PMID 25246574.
Herculano-Houzel, Suzana (2016). Human AdvantageA New Understanding of How Our Brain Became Remarkable – MIT Press Scholarship. doi:10.7551/mitpress/9780262034258.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-262-03425-8.
Evenepoel, Pieter; Geypens, Benny; Luypaerts, Anja; Hiele, Martin; Ghoos, Yvo; Rutgeerts, Paul (1 October 1998). "Digestibility of Cooked and Raw Egg Protein in Humans as Assessed by Stable Isotope Techniques". The Journal of Nutrition. 128 (10): 1716–1722. doi:10.1093/jn/128.10.1716. ISSN 0022-3166. PMID 9772141.
Fonseca-Azevedo, Karina; Herculano-Houzel, Suzana (6 November 2012). "Metabolic constraint imposes tradeoff between body size and number of brain neurons in human evolution". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (45): 18571–18576. Bibcode:2012PNAS..10918571F. doi:10.1073/pnas.1206390109. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 3494886. PMID 23090991.
Aiello, Leslie C.; Wheeler, Peter (1 January 1995). "The Expensive-Tissue Hypothesis: The Brain and the Digestive System in Human and Primate Evolution". Current Anthropology. 36 (2): 199–221. doi:10.1086/204350. JSTOR 2744104. S2CID 144317407.
Bradbury, Joanne (10 May 2011). "Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA): An Ancient Nutrient for the Modern Human Brain". Nutrients. 3 (5): 529–554. doi:10.3390/nu3050529. PMC 3257695. PMID 22254110.
Stahl, Ann Brower (April 1984). "Hominid Dietary Selection Before Fire". Current Anthropology. 25 (2): 151–168. doi:10.1086/203106. S2CID 84337150.
Wrangham, Richard W.; Carmody, Rachel Naomi (2010). "Human adaptation to the control of fire" (PDF). Evolutionary Anthropology. 19 (5): 187–199. doi:10.1002/evan.20275. S2CID 34878981.
Young, Sharon M.; Benyshek, Daniel C.; Lienard, Pierre (May 2012). "The Conspicuous Absence of Placenta Consumption in Human Postpartum Females: The Fire Hypothesis". Ecology of Food and Nutrition. 51 (3): 198–217. Bibcode:2012EcoFN..51..198Y. doi:10.1080/03670244.2012.661349. PMID 22632060. S2CID 1279726.
Gibbons, Ann (15 June 2007). "Food for Thought". Science. 316 (5831): 1558–60. doi:10.1126/science.316.5831.1558. PMID 17569838. S2CID 9071168.
Cornélio, Alianda; et al. (2016). "Human Brain Expansion during Evolution Is Independent of Fire Control and Cooking". Frontiers in Neuroscience. 10: 167. doi:10.3389/fnins.2016.00167. PMC 4842772. PMID 27199631.
Mann, Neil (15 August 2007). "Meat in the human diet: An anthropological perspective". Nutrition & Dietetics. 64 (Supplement s4): 102–107. doi:10.1111/j.1747-0080.2007.00194.x.
Pennisi, Elizabeth (26 March 1999). "Human evolution: Did Cooked Tubers Spur the Evolution of Big Brains?". Science. 283 (5410): 2004–2005. doi:10.1126/science.283.5410.2004. PMID 10206901. S2CID 39775701.

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

hdl.handle.net

Brown, Kyle S.; Marean, Curtis W.; Herries, Andy I.R.; Jacobs, Zenobia; Tribolo, Chantal; Braun, David; Roberts, David L.; Meyer, Michael C.; Bernatchez, J. (14 August 2009), "Fire as an Engineering Tool of Early Modern Humans", Science, 325 (5942): 859–862, Bibcode:2009Sci...325..859B, doi:10.1126/science.1175028, hdl:11422/11102, PMID 19679810, S2CID 43916405
Brown, KS; Marean, CW; Herries, AI; Jacobs, Z; Tribolo, C; Braun, D; Roberts, DL; Meyer, MC; Bernatchez, J (2009). "Fire As an Engineering Tool of Early Modern Humans". Science. 325 (5942): 859–62. Bibcode:2009Sci...325..859B. doi:10.1126/science.1175028. hdl:11422/11102. PMID 19679810. S2CID 43916405.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Goren-Inbar, Naama; Alperson, Nira; Kislev, Mordechai E.; Simchoni, Orit; Melamed, Yoel; Ben-Nun, Adi; Werker, Ella (30 April 2004). "Evidence of Hominin Control of Fire at Gesher Benot Ya'aqov, Israel". Science. 304 (5671): 725–727. Bibcode:2004Sci...304..725G. doi:10.1126/science.1095443. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 15118160. S2CID 8444444.
Zohar, Irit; Alperson-Afil, Nira; Goren-Inbar, Naama; Prévost, Marion; Tütken, Thomas; Sisma-Ventura, Guy; Hershkovitz, Israel; Najorka, Jens (December 2022). "Evidence for the cooking of fish 780,000 years ago at Gesher Benot Ya'aqov, Israel". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 6 (12): 2016–2028. Bibcode:2022NatEE...6.2016Z. doi:10.1038/s41559-022-01910-z. ISSN 2397-334X. PMID 36376603. S2CID 253522354.
Organ, Chris (22 August 2011). "Phylogenetic rate shifts in feeding time during the evolution of Homo". PNAS. 108 (35): 14555–14559. Bibcode:2011PNAS..10814555O. doi:10.1073/pnas.1107806108. PMC 3167533. PMID 21873223.
Brown, Kyle S.; Marean, Curtis W.; Herries, Andy I.R.; Jacobs, Zenobia; Tribolo, Chantal; Braun, David; Roberts, David L.; Meyer, Michael C.; Bernatchez, J. (14 August 2009), "Fire as an Engineering Tool of Early Modern Humans", Science, 325 (5942): 859–862, Bibcode:2009Sci...325..859B, doi:10.1126/science.1175028, hdl:11422/11102, PMID 19679810, S2CID 43916405
Herzog, Nicole M.; Parker, Christopher H.; Keefe, Earl R.; Coxworth, James; Barrett, Alan; Hawkes, Kristen (2014). "Fire and home range expansion: A behavioral response to burning among savanna dwelling vervet monkeys (Chlorocebusaethiops)". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 154 (4): 554–60. Bibcode:2014AJPA..154..554H. doi:10.1002/ajpa.22550. ISSN 0002-9483. PMID 24889076.
Stepka, Zane; Azuri, Ido; Horwitz, Liora Kolska; Chazan, Michael; Natalio, Filipe (21 June 2022). "Hidden signatures of early fire at Evron Quarry (1.0 to 0.8 Mya)". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 119 (25) e2123439119. Bibcode:2022PNAS..11923439S. doi:10.1073/pnas.2123439119. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 9231470. PMID 35696581.
Brown, KS; Marean, CW; Herries, AI; Jacobs, Z; Tribolo, C; Braun, D; Roberts, DL; Meyer, MC; Bernatchez, J (2009). "Fire As an Engineering Tool of Early Modern Humans". Science. 325 (5942): 859–62. Bibcode:2009Sci...325..859B. doi:10.1126/science.1175028. hdl:11422/11102. PMID 19679810. S2CID 43916405.
Webb, J. Domanski M. (2009). "Fire and Stone". Science. 325 (5942): 820–21. Bibcode:2009Sci...325..820W. doi:10.1126/science.1178014. PMID 19679799. S2CID 206521911.
Weiner, S.; Q. Xu; P. Goldberg; J. Liu; O. Bar-Yosef (1998). "Evidence for the Use of Fire at Zhoukoudian, China". Science. 281 (5374): 251–53. Bibcode:1998Sci...281..251W. doi:10.1126/science.281.5374.251. PMID 9657718.
Karkanas P, Shahack-Gross R, Ayalon A, et al. (August 2007). "Evidence for habitual use of fire at the end of the Lower Paleolithic: site-formation processes at Qesem Cave, Israel" (PDF). J. Hum. Evol. 53 (2): 197–212. Bibcode:2007JHumE..53..197K. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.04.002. PMID 17572475.
Jha, Deepak Kumar; Samrat, Rahul; Sanyal, Prasanta (15 January 2021). "The first evidence of controlled use of fire by prehistoric humans during the Middle Paleolithic phase from the Indian subcontinent". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 562 110151. Bibcode:2021PPP...56210151J. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.110151. S2CID 229392002. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
Preece, R. C. (2006). "Humans in the Hoxnian: habitat, context and fire use at Beeches Pit, West Stow, Suffolk, UK". Journal of Quaternary Science. 21 (5): 485–96. Bibcode:2006JQS....21..485P. doi:10.1002/jqs.1043.
Sorensen, A. C.; Claud, E.; Soressi, M. (19 July 2018). "Neandertal fire-making technology inferred from microwear analysis". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 10065. Bibcode:2018NatSR...810065S. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-28342-9. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6053370. PMID 30026576.
Bellomo, Randy V. (1 July 1994). "Methods of determining early hominid behavioral activities associated with the controlled use of fire at FxJj 20 Main, Koobi Fora, Kenva". Journal of Human Evolution. 27 (1): 173–195. Bibcode:1994JHumE..27..173B. doi:10.1006/jhev.1994.1041.
Delagnes, Anne; Schmidt, Patrick; Douze, Katja; Wurz, Sarah; Bellot-Gurlet, Ludovic; Conard, Nicholas J.; Nickel, Klaus G.; Niekerk, Karen L. van; Henshilwood, Christopher S. (19 October 2016). "Early Evidence for the Extensive Heat Treatment of Silcrete in the Howiesons Poort at Klipdrift Shelter (Layer PBD, 65 ka), South Africa". PLOS ONE. 11 (10) e0163874. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1163874D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0163874. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5070848. PMID 27760210.
Fonseca-Azevedo, Karina; Herculano-Houzel, Suzana (6 November 2012). "Metabolic constraint imposes tradeoff between body size and number of brain neurons in human evolution". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (45): 18571–18576. Bibcode:2012PNAS..10918571F. doi:10.1073/pnas.1206390109. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 3494886. PMID 23090991.
Young, Sharon M.; Benyshek, Daniel C.; Lienard, Pierre (May 2012). "The Conspicuous Absence of Placenta Consumption in Human Postpartum Females: The Fire Hypothesis". Ecology of Food and Nutrition. 51 (3): 198–217. Bibcode:2012EcoFN..51..198Y. doi:10.1080/03670244.2012.661349. PMID 22632060. S2CID 1279726.

dash.harvard.edu

Wrangham, Richard W.; Carmody, Rachel Naomi (2010). "Human adaptation to the control of fire" (PDF). Evolutionary Anthropology. 19 (5): 187–199. doi:10.1002/evan.20275. S2CID 34878981.

ibtimes.com (Global: 911^th place; English: 628^th place)

"When Did Man Discover Fire? Ancestors of Modern Humans Used Fire 350,000 Years Ago, New Study Suggests". International Business Times. 15 December 2014. Retrieved 13 November 2016.

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

Aiello, Leslie C.; Wheeler, Peter (1 January 1995). "The Expensive-Tissue Hypothesis: The Brain and the Digestive System in Human and Primate Evolution". Current Anthropology. 36 (2): 199–221. doi:10.1086/204350. JSTOR 2744104. S2CID 144317407.

ksu.edu.sa (Global: 6,821^st place; English: low place)

faculty.ksu.edu.sa

James, Steven R. (February 1989). "Hominid Use of Fire in the Lower and Middle Pleistocene: A Review of the Evidence" (PDF). Current Anthropology. 30 (1): 1–26. doi:10.1086/203705. S2CID 146473957. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 December 2015. Retrieved 4 April 2012.

nbcnews.com (Global: 137^th place; English: 101^st place)

Bush, Evan (10 December 2025). "In a 400,000-year-old hearth, hints of humans taming fire earlier than thought". NBC News. Retrieved 11 December 2025.

newscientist.com (Global: 774^th place; English: 716^th place)

Callaway. E. (13 August 2009) Earliest fired knives improved stone age tool kit New Scientist, online
Pickrell, John (19 February 2005). "Human 'dental chaos' linked to evolution of cooking". Retrieved 7 October 2011.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Berna, Francesco; Goldberg, Paul; Horwitz, Liora Kolska; Brink, James; Holt, Sharon; Bamford, Marion; Chazan, Michael (15 May 2012). "Microstratigraphic evidence of in situ fire in the Acheulean strata of Wonderwerk Cave, Northern Cape province, South Africa". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (20): E1215–20. doi:10.1073/pnas.1117620109. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 3356665. PMID 22474385.
Goren-Inbar, Naama; Alperson, Nira; Kislev, Mordechai E.; Simchoni, Orit; Melamed, Yoel; Ben-Nun, Adi; Werker, Ella (30 April 2004). "Evidence of Hominin Control of Fire at Gesher Benot Ya'aqov, Israel". Science. 304 (5671): 725–727. Bibcode:2004Sci...304..725G. doi:10.1126/science.1095443. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 15118160. S2CID 8444444.
Zohar, Irit; Alperson-Afil, Nira; Goren-Inbar, Naama; Prévost, Marion; Tütken, Thomas; Sisma-Ventura, Guy; Hershkovitz, Israel; Najorka, Jens (December 2022). "Evidence for the cooking of fish 780,000 years ago at Gesher Benot Ya'aqov, Israel". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 6 (12): 2016–2028. Bibcode:2022NatEE...6.2016Z. doi:10.1038/s41559-022-01910-z. ISSN 2397-334X. PMID 36376603. S2CID 253522354.
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Brown, Kyle S.; Marean, Curtis W.; Herries, Andy I.R.; Jacobs, Zenobia; Tribolo, Chantal; Braun, David; Roberts, David L.; Meyer, Michael C.; Bernatchez, J. (14 August 2009), "Fire as an Engineering Tool of Early Modern Humans", Science, 325 (5942): 859–862, Bibcode:2009Sci...325..859B, doi:10.1126/science.1175028, hdl:11422/11102, PMID 19679810, S2CID 43916405
MacDonald, Katharine (24 January 2017). "The use of fire and human distribution". Temperature. 4 (2): 153–165. doi:10.1080/23328940.2017.1284637. PMC 5489006. PMID 28680931.
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Herzog, Nicole M.; Parker, Christopher H.; Keefe, Earl R.; Coxworth, James; Barrett, Alan; Hawkes, Kristen (2014). "Fire and home range expansion: A behavioral response to burning among savanna dwelling vervet monkeys (Chlorocebusaethiops)". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 154 (4): 554–60. Bibcode:2014AJPA..154..554H. doi:10.1002/ajpa.22550. ISSN 0002-9483. PMID 24889076.
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Stepka, Zane; Azuri, Ido; Horwitz, Liora Kolska; Chazan, Michael; Natalio, Filipe (21 June 2022). "Hidden signatures of early fire at Evron Quarry (1.0 to 0.8 Mya)". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 119 (25) e2123439119. Bibcode:2022PNAS..11923439S. doi:10.1073/pnas.2123439119. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 9231470. PMID 35696581.
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Webb, J. Domanski M. (2009). "Fire and Stone". Science. 325 (5942): 820–21. Bibcode:2009Sci...325..820W. doi:10.1126/science.1178014. PMID 19679799. S2CID 206521911.
Weiner, S.; Q. Xu; P. Goldberg; J. Liu; O. Bar-Yosef (1998). "Evidence for the Use of Fire at Zhoukoudian, China". Science. 281 (5374): 251–53. Bibcode:1998Sci...281..251W. doi:10.1126/science.281.5374.251. PMID 9657718.
Karkanas P, Shahack-Gross R, Ayalon A, et al. (August 2007). "Evidence for habitual use of fire at the end of the Lower Paleolithic: site-formation processes at Qesem Cave, Israel" (PDF). J. Hum. Evol. 53 (2): 197–212. Bibcode:2007JHumE..53..197K. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.04.002. PMID 17572475.
Agam, Aviad; Azuri, Ido; Pinkas, Iddo; Gopher, Avi; Natalio, Filipe (2020). "Estimating temperatures of heated Lower Palaeolithic flint artefacts" (PDF). Nature Human Behaviour. 5 (2): 221–228. doi:10.1038/s41562-020-00955-z. PMID 33020589. S2CID 222160202.^{[permanent dead link]}
Sorensen, A. C.; Claud, E.; Soressi, M. (19 July 2018). "Neandertal fire-making technology inferred from microwear analysis". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 10065. Bibcode:2018NatSR...810065S. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-28342-9. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6053370. PMID 30026576.
Delagnes, Anne; Schmidt, Patrick; Douze, Katja; Wurz, Sarah; Bellot-Gurlet, Ludovic; Conard, Nicholas J.; Nickel, Klaus G.; Niekerk, Karen L. van; Henshilwood, Christopher S. (19 October 2016). "Early Evidence for the Extensive Heat Treatment of Silcrete in the Howiesons Poort at Klipdrift Shelter (Layer PBD, 65 ka), South Africa". PLOS ONE. 11 (10) e0163874. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1163874D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0163874. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5070848. PMID 27760210.
Gowlett, J. a. J. (5 June 2016). "The discovery of fire by humans: a long and convoluted process". Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. 371 (1696) 20150164. doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0164. ISSN 0962-8436. PMC 4874402. PMID 27216521.
Wiessner, Polly W. (30 September 2014). "Embers of society: Firelight talk among the Ju/'hoansi Bushmen". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 111 (39): 14027–14035. doi:10.1073/pnas.1404212111. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4191796. PMID 25246574.
Evenepoel, Pieter; Geypens, Benny; Luypaerts, Anja; Hiele, Martin; Ghoos, Yvo; Rutgeerts, Paul (1 October 1998). "Digestibility of Cooked and Raw Egg Protein in Humans as Assessed by Stable Isotope Techniques". The Journal of Nutrition. 128 (10): 1716–1722. doi:10.1093/jn/128.10.1716. ISSN 0022-3166. PMID 9772141.
Fonseca-Azevedo, Karina; Herculano-Houzel, Suzana (6 November 2012). "Metabolic constraint imposes tradeoff between body size and number of brain neurons in human evolution". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (45): 18571–18576. Bibcode:2012PNAS..10918571F. doi:10.1073/pnas.1206390109. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 3494886. PMID 23090991.
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Young, Sharon M.; Benyshek, Daniel C.; Lienard, Pierre (May 2012). "The Conspicuous Absence of Placenta Consumption in Human Postpartum Females: The Fire Hypothesis". Ecology of Food and Nutrition. 51 (3): 198–217. Bibcode:2012EcoFN..51..198Y. doi:10.1080/03670244.2012.661349. PMID 22632060. S2CID 1279726.
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ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Berna, Francesco; Goldberg, Paul; Horwitz, Liora Kolska; Brink, James; Holt, Sharon; Bamford, Marion; Chazan, Michael (15 May 2012). "Microstratigraphic evidence of in situ fire in the Acheulean strata of Wonderwerk Cave, Northern Cape province, South Africa". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (20): E1215–20. doi:10.1073/pnas.1117620109. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 3356665. PMID 22474385.
Organ, Chris (22 August 2011). "Phylogenetic rate shifts in feeding time during the evolution of Homo". PNAS. 108 (35): 14555–14559. Bibcode:2011PNAS..10814555O. doi:10.1073/pnas.1107806108. PMC 3167533. PMID 21873223.
MacDonald, Katharine (24 January 2017). "The use of fire and human distribution". Temperature. 4 (2): 153–165. doi:10.1080/23328940.2017.1284637. PMC 5489006. PMID 28680931.
Gowlett, J. A. J. (2016). "The discovery of fire by humans: a long and convoluted process". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 371 (1696) 20150164. doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0164. ISSN 0962-8436. PMC 4874402. PMID 27216521.
Gowlett, J. A. J. (23 May 2016). "The discovery of fire by humans: a long and convoluted process". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 371 (1696) 20150164. doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0164. PMC 4874402. PMID 27216521.
Stepka, Zane; Azuri, Ido; Horwitz, Liora Kolska; Chazan, Michael; Natalio, Filipe (21 June 2022). "Hidden signatures of early fire at Evron Quarry (1.0 to 0.8 Mya)". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 119 (25) e2123439119. Bibcode:2022PNAS..11923439S. doi:10.1073/pnas.2123439119. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 9231470. PMID 35696581.
Sorensen, A. C.; Claud, E.; Soressi, M. (19 July 2018). "Neandertal fire-making technology inferred from microwear analysis". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 10065. Bibcode:2018NatSR...810065S. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-28342-9. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6053370. PMID 30026576.
Delagnes, Anne; Schmidt, Patrick; Douze, Katja; Wurz, Sarah; Bellot-Gurlet, Ludovic; Conard, Nicholas J.; Nickel, Klaus G.; Niekerk, Karen L. van; Henshilwood, Christopher S. (19 October 2016). "Early Evidence for the Extensive Heat Treatment of Silcrete in the Howiesons Poort at Klipdrift Shelter (Layer PBD, 65 ka), South Africa". PLOS ONE. 11 (10) e0163874. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1163874D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0163874. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5070848. PMID 27760210.
Gowlett, J. a. J. (5 June 2016). "The discovery of fire by humans: a long and convoluted process". Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. 371 (1696) 20150164. doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0164. ISSN 0962-8436. PMC 4874402. PMID 27216521.
Wiessner, Polly W. (30 September 2014). "Embers of society: Firelight talk among the Ju/'hoansi Bushmen". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 111 (39): 14027–14035. doi:10.1073/pnas.1404212111. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4191796. PMID 25246574.
Fonseca-Azevedo, Karina; Herculano-Houzel, Suzana (6 November 2012). "Metabolic constraint imposes tradeoff between body size and number of brain neurons in human evolution". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (45): 18571–18576. Bibcode:2012PNAS..10918571F. doi:10.1073/pnas.1206390109. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 3494886. PMID 23090991.
Bradbury, Joanne (10 May 2011). "Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA): An Ancient Nutrient for the Modern Human Brain". Nutrients. 3 (5): 529–554. doi:10.3390/nu3050529. PMC 3257695. PMID 22254110.
Cornélio, Alianda; et al. (2016). "Human Brain Expansion during Evolution Is Independent of Fire Control and Cooking". Frontiers in Neuroscience. 10: 167. doi:10.3389/fnins.2016.00167. PMC 4842772. PMID 27199631.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Zimmer, Carl (10 December 2025). "Archaeologists Find Oldest Evidence of Fire-Making". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 December 2025.
Zimmer, Carl (7 June 2017). "Oldest Fossils of Homo Sapiens Found in Morocco, Altering History of Our Species". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 6 July 2017.
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palomar.edu (Global: 7,861^st place; English: 5,961^st place)

anthro.palomar.edu

"Early Human Evolution: Homo ergaster and erectus". Archived from the original on 19 December 2007. Retrieved 12 November 2007.

popular-archaeology.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Earliest Known Pottery". Popular Archeology. Popular Archaeology. Archived from the original on 8 November 2016. Retrieved 13 November 2016.

researchgate.net (Global: 120^th place; English: 125^th place)

Zohar, Irit; Alperson-Afil, Nira; Goren-Inbar, Naama; Prévost, Marion; Tütken, Thomas; Sisma-Ventura, Guy; Hershkovitz, Israel; Najorka, Jens (December 2022). "Evidence for the cooking of fish 780,000 years ago at Gesher Benot Ya'aqov, Israel". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 6 (12): 2016–2028. Bibcode:2022NatEE...6.2016Z. doi:10.1038/s41559-022-01910-z. ISSN 2397-334X. PMID 36376603. S2CID 253522354.
Parker, Christopher H.; Keefe, Earl R.; Herzog, Nicole M.; O'connell, James F.; Hawkes, Kristen (2016). "The pyrophilic primate hypothesis". Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews. 25 (2): 54–63. doi:10.1002/evan.21475. ISSN 1060-1538. PMID 27061034. S2CID 22744464.

sapiens.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

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sciencedaily.com (Global: 993^rd place; English: 920^th place)

Luke, Kim. "Evidence That Human Ancestors Used Fire One Million Years Ago". Retrieved 27 October 2013. An international team led by the University of Toronto and Hebrew University has identified the earliest known evidence of the use of fire by human ancestors. Microscopic traces of wood ash, alongside animal bones and stone tools, were found in a layer dated to one million years ago
"The heat is on: Traces of fire uncovered dating back at least 800,000 years: Using advanced AI techniques, researchers discover one of the earliest pieces of evidence for the use of fire". ScienceDaily. Retrieved 8 July 2022.

sciencedirect.com (Global: 149^th place; English: 178^th place)

Shahack‑Gross, R.; Karkanas, P; Lemorini, C; Gopher, A; Barkai, R (April 2014). "Evidence for the repeated use of a central hearth at Middle Pleistocene". Journal of Archaeological Science. 44: 12–21. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2013.11.015. Retrieved 11 August 2025.
Jha, Deepak Kumar; Samrat, Rahul; Sanyal, Prasanta (15 January 2021). "The first evidence of controlled use of fire by prehistoric humans during the Middle Paleolithic phase from the Indian subcontinent". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 562 110151. Bibcode:2021PPP...56210151J. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.110151. S2CID 229392002. Retrieved 5 November 2022.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

James, Steven R. (February 1989). "Hominid Use of Fire in the Lower and Middle Pleistocene: A Review of the Evidence" (PDF). Current Anthropology. 30 (1): 1–26. doi:10.1086/203705. S2CID 146473957. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 December 2015. Retrieved 4 April 2012.
Goren-Inbar, Naama; Alperson, Nira; Kislev, Mordechai E.; Simchoni, Orit; Melamed, Yoel; Ben-Nun, Adi; Werker, Ella (30 April 2004). "Evidence of Hominin Control of Fire at Gesher Benot Ya'aqov, Israel". Science. 304 (5671): 725–727. Bibcode:2004Sci...304..725G. doi:10.1126/science.1095443. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 15118160. S2CID 8444444.
Zohar, Irit; Alperson-Afil, Nira; Goren-Inbar, Naama; Prévost, Marion; Tütken, Thomas; Sisma-Ventura, Guy; Hershkovitz, Israel; Najorka, Jens (December 2022). "Evidence for the cooking of fish 780,000 years ago at Gesher Benot Ya'aqov, Israel". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 6 (12): 2016–2028. Bibcode:2022NatEE...6.2016Z. doi:10.1038/s41559-022-01910-z. ISSN 2397-334X. PMID 36376603. S2CID 253522354.
Brown, Kyle S.; Marean, Curtis W.; Herries, Andy I.R.; Jacobs, Zenobia; Tribolo, Chantal; Braun, David; Roberts, David L.; Meyer, Michael C.; Bernatchez, J. (14 August 2009), "Fire as an Engineering Tool of Early Modern Humans", Science, 325 (5942): 859–862, Bibcode:2009Sci...325..859B, doi:10.1126/science.1175028, hdl:11422/11102, PMID 19679810, S2CID 43916405
Pruetz, Jill D.; Herzog, Nicole M. (2017). "Savanna Chimpanzees at Fongoli, Senegal, Navigate a Fire Landscape". Current Anthropology. 58: S000. doi:10.1086/692112. ISSN 0011-3204. S2CID 148782684.
Parker, Christopher H.; Keefe, Earl R.; Herzog, Nicole M.; O'connell, James F.; Hawkes, Kristen (2016). "The pyrophilic primate hypothesis". Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews. 25 (2): 54–63. doi:10.1002/evan.21475. ISSN 1060-1538. PMID 27061034. S2CID 22744464.
Gowlett, J. A. J.; Brink, J. S.; Caris, Adam; Hoare, Sally; Rucina, S. M. (2017). "Evidence of Burning from Bushfires in Southern and East Africa and Its Relevance to Hominin Evolution". Current Anthropology. 58 (S16): S206 – S216. doi:10.1086/692249. ISSN 0011-3204. S2CID 164509111.
Chazan, Michael (2017). "Toward a Long Prehistory of Fire". Current Anthropology. 58: S000. doi:10.1086/691988. ISSN 0011-3204. S2CID 149271414.
Brown, KS; Marean, CW; Herries, AI; Jacobs, Z; Tribolo, C; Braun, D; Roberts, DL; Meyer, MC; Bernatchez, J (2009). "Fire As an Engineering Tool of Early Modern Humans". Science. 325 (5942): 859–62. Bibcode:2009Sci...325..859B. doi:10.1126/science.1175028. hdl:11422/11102. PMID 19679810. S2CID 43916405.
Webb, J. Domanski M. (2009). "Fire and Stone". Science. 325 (5942): 820–21. Bibcode:2009Sci...325..820W. doi:10.1126/science.1178014. PMID 19679799. S2CID 206521911.
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Jha, Deepak Kumar; Samrat, Rahul; Sanyal, Prasanta (15 January 2021). "The first evidence of controlled use of fire by prehistoric humans during the Middle Paleolithic phase from the Indian subcontinent". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 562 110151. Bibcode:2021PPP...56210151J. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.110151. S2CID 229392002. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
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Gibbons, Ann (15 June 2007). "Food for Thought". Science. 316 (5831): 1558–60. doi:10.1126/science.316.5831.1558. PMID 17569838. S2CID 9071168.
Pennisi, Elizabeth (26 March 1999). "Human evolution: Did Cooked Tubers Spur the Evolution of Big Brains?". Science. 283 (5410): 2004–2005. doi:10.1126/science.283.5410.2004. PMID 10206901. S2CID 39775701.

smithsonianmag.com (Global: 503^rd place; English: 364^th place)

Recker, Jane. "When Did Early Humans Start Using Fire? To Find Answers, Scientists Enlist Artificial Intelligence". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 8 September 2025.
Adler, Jerry. "Why Fire Makes Us Human". Smithsonian. Retrieved 13 November 2016.

sourcinginnovation.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Lamoureux, Michael. "What we know of early human society & behavior". Sourcing Innovation. Retrieved 13 November 2016.

springernature.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

files.springernature.com

Agam, Aviad; Azuri, Ido; Pinkas, Iddo; Gopher, Avi; Natalio, Filipe (2020). "Estimating temperatures of heated Lower Palaeolithic flint artefacts" (PDF). Nature Human Behaviour. 5 (2): 221–228. doi:10.1038/s41562-020-00955-z. PMID 33020589. S2CID 222160202.^{[permanent dead link]}

swarthmore.edu (Global: 5,943^rd place; English: 3,671^st place)

fubini.swarthmore.edu

McKenna, Ryan. "Fire and It's [sic] Value to Early Man". fubini.Swarthmore.edu. Retrieved 23 November 2017.

tau.ac.il (Global: 4,464^th place; English: 4,468^th place)

Karkanas P, Shahack-Gross R, Ayalon A, et al. (August 2007). "Evidence for habitual use of fire at the end of the Lower Paleolithic: site-formation processes at Qesem Cave, Israel" (PDF). J. Hum. Evol. 53 (2): 197–212. Bibcode:2007JHumE..53..197K. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.04.002. PMID 17572475.

theguardian.com (Global: 12^th place; English: 11^th place)

Devlin, Hannah (10 December 2025). "Humans made fire 350,000 years earlier than previously thought, discovery in Suffolk suggests". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 December 2025.

time.com (Global: 61^st place; English: 54^th place)

Andrew C. Scott (1 June 2018). "When Did Humans Discover Fire? The Answer Depends on What You Mean By 'Discover'". Time. Retrieved 11 December 2025.

txstate.edu (Global: 7,869^th place; English: 5,124^th place)

digital.library.txstate.edu

Jennett, Karen. "Female Figurines of the Upper Paleolithic" (PDF). TxState.Edu. Texas State University, San Marcos. Retrieved 13 November 2016.

ucla.edu (Global: 782^nd place; English: 585^th place)

cogweb.ucla.edu

Pennisi, Elizabeth (26 March 1999). "Human evolution: Did Cooked Tubers Spur the Evolution of Big Brains?". Science. 283 (5410): 2004–2005. doi:10.1126/science.283.5410.2004. PMID 10206901. S2CID 39775701.

uib.no (Global: 4,170^th place; English: 3,980^th place)

"Humans used fire earlier than previously known | University of Bergen". www.uib.no. Retrieved 13 November 2016.

washingtonpost.com (Global: 34^th place; English: 27^th place)

"Ancient human relative used fire, surprising discoveries suggest". Washington Post. Retrieved 11 December 2022.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

James, Steven R. (February 1989). "Hominid Use of Fire in the Lower and Middle Pleistocene: A Review of the Evidence" (PDF). Current Anthropology. 30 (1): 1–26. doi:10.1086/203705. S2CID 146473957. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 December 2015. Retrieved 4 April 2012.
"The Earliest Known Pottery". Popular Archeology. Popular Archaeology. Archived from the original on 8 November 2016. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
"Early Human Evolution: Homo ergaster and erectus". Archived from the original on 19 December 2007. Retrieved 12 November 2007.

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Berna, Francesco; Goldberg, Paul; Horwitz, Liora Kolska; Brink, James; Holt, Sharon; Bamford, Marion; Chazan, Michael (15 May 2012). "Microstratigraphic evidence of in situ fire in the Acheulean strata of Wonderwerk Cave, Northern Cape province, South Africa". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (20): E1215–20. doi:10.1073/pnas.1117620109. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 3356665. PMID 22474385.
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