Conversion therapy (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Conversion therapy" in English language version.

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Hicks, Karolyn A. (December 1999). "'Reparative' Therapy: Whether Parental Attempts to Change a Child's Sexual Orientation Can Legally Constitute Child Abuse". American University Law Review. 49 (2): 505–547. Archived from the original on 24 September 2024. Retrieved 10 June 2023.

amnesty.org.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Explainer: What are conversion practices? And why Australia needs stronger laws to combat them". Amnesty International Australia. 10 February 2025. Retrieved 11 May 2025. To this day, these practices are commonly misrepresented in the media as 'gay conversion therapy', however, Australian survivor groups use the term 'LGBTQA+ conversion practices' to avoid associating the practices with therapy, as they are not at all therapeutic.

apa.org (Global: 1,220^th place; English: 1,102^nd place)

"APA Resolution on Gender Identity Change Efforts" (PDF). American Psychological Association. February 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2025.
Just the Facts About Sexual Orientation & Youth: A Primer for Principals, Educators and School Personnel (PDF), Just the Facts Coalition, 1999, archived (PDF) from the original on 22 April 2018, retrieved 14 May 2010
"Answers to Your Questions: For a Better Understanding of Sexual Orientation and Homosexuality". American Psychological Association. 2008. Archived from the original on 20 January 2019. Retrieved 31 January 2015.

bcmj.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Leising, Julie (September 2022). "Gender-affirming care for youth—separating evidence from controversy" (PDF). Bc Medic al Journal. 64 (7).

bnnbloomberg.ca (Global: low place; English: 6,587^th place)

Ramsay, Max (17 September 2024). "EU to Pursue Ban on Conversion Therapy in New LGBTQ Strategy". BNN Bloomberg. Retrieved 5 October 2024.

bps.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

explore.bps.org.uk

Lawson, Zazie; Davies, Skye; Harmon, Shae; Williams, Matthew; Billawa, Shradha; Holmes, Ryan; Huckridge, Jaymie; Kelly, Phillip; MacIntyre-Harrison, Jess; Neill, Stewart; Song-Chase, Angela; Ward, Hannah; Yates, Michael (October 2023). "A human rights based approach to transgender and gender expansive health". Clinical Psychology Forum. 1 (369): 91–106. doi:10.53841/bpscpf.2023.1.369.91. ISSN 1747-5732. S2CID 265086908. Archived from the original on 24 September 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2024.

cambridge.org (Global: 305^th place; English: 264^th place)

Caraballo, Alejandra (December 2022). "The Anti-Transgender Medical Expert Industry". Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics. 50 (4): 687–692. doi:10.1017/jme.2023.9. ISSN 1073-1105. PMID 36883410. Archived from the original on 1 March 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2024.

centerforfaith.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Equivocation and the Ex-Gay Script". The Center for Faith, Sexuality & Gender. 18 November 2021. Retrieved 16 September 2025.

cnn.com (Global: 28^th place; English: 26^th place)

Christensen, Jen (8 March 2022). "Conversion therapy is harmful to LGBTQ people and costs society as a whole, study says". CNN. Archived from the original on 1 December 2022. Retrieved 5 November 2022.

coe.int (Global: 772^nd place; English: 849^th place)

"Nothing to cure: putting an end to so-called "conversion therapies" for LGBTI people - Commissioner for Human Rights - www.coe.int". Commissioner for Human Rights. Retrieved 22 July 2023.

crisismagazine.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Nicolosi, Joseph (19 December 2016). "The Traumatic Foundation of Male Homosexuality".

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Fenaughty, John; Tan, Kyle; Ker, Alex; Veale, Jaimie; Saxton, Peter; Alansari, Mohamed (January 2023). "Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Change Efforts for Young People in New Zealand: Demographics, Types of Suggesters, and Associations with Mental Health". Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 52 (1): 149–164. doi:10.1007/s10964-022-01693-3. ISSN 0047-2891. PMC 9813061. PMID 36301377.
Higbee, Madison; Wright, Eric R.; Roemerman, Ryan M. (2022). "Conversion Therapy in the Southern United States: Prevalence and Experiences of the Survivors". Journal of Homosexuality. 69 (4): 612–631. doi:10.1080/00918369.2020.1840213. PMID 33206024. S2CID 227039714.
Drescher, Jack; Schwartz, Alan; Casoy, Flávio; McIntosh, Christopher A.; Hurley, Brian; Ashley, Kenneth; Barber, Mary; Goldenberg, David; Herbert, Sarah E.; Lothwell, Lorraine E.; Mattson, Marlin R.; McAfee, Scot G.; Pula, Jack; Rosario, Vernon; Tompkins, D. Andrew (2016). "The Growing Regulation of Conversion Therapy". Journal of Medical Regulation. 102 (2): 7–12. doi:10.30770/2572-1852-102.2.7. PMC 5040471. PMID 27754500.
Haldeman 2022, p. 5. Haldeman, Douglas C. (2022). "Introduction: A history of conversion therapy, from accepted practice to condemnation". The case against conversion 'therapy': Evidence, ethics, and alternatives. pp. 3–16. doi:10.1037/0000266-001. ISBN 978-1-4338-3711-1. S2CID 243777493.
Haldeman 2022, p. 4. Haldeman, Douglas C. (2022). "Introduction: A history of conversion therapy, from accepted practice to condemnation". The case against conversion 'therapy': Evidence, ethics, and alternatives. pp. 3–16. doi:10.1037/0000266-001. ISBN 978-1-4338-3711-1. S2CID 243777493.
Haldeman 2022, p. 8. Haldeman, Douglas C. (2022). "Introduction: A history of conversion therapy, from accepted practice to condemnation". The case against conversion 'therapy': Evidence, ethics, and alternatives. pp. 3–16. doi:10.1037/0000266-001. ISBN 978-1-4338-3711-1. S2CID 243777493.
Drescher 2000, p. 152 Drescher, Jack (2000). "Psychoanalytic Therapy and the Gay Man". The American Journal of Psychoanalysis. 60 (2): 191–196. doi:10.1023/a:1001968909523. PMID 10874429.
Creek, S. J.; Dunn, Jennifer L. (2012). "'Be Ye Transformed': The Sexual Storytelling of Ex-gay Participants". Sociological Focus. 45 (4): 306–319. doi:10.1080/00380237.2012.712863. JSTOR 41633922. S2CID 144699323.
Smilges, John (5 July 2018). ""Healthy Sexuality": "It's not gay or bad, it's SSAD": Queerness and Masquerade". Canadian Journal of Disability Studies. 7 (2): 100–122. doi:10.15353/cjds.v7i2.426. ISSN 1929-9192. Retrieved 16 September 2025.
Rivera & Pardo 2022, p. 52. Rivera, David P.; Pardo, Seth T. (2022). "Gender identity change efforts: A summary". In Haldeman, Douglas C. (ed.). The Case Against Conversion Therapy: Evidence, Ethics, and Alternatives. American Psychological Association. pp. 51–68. doi:10.1037/0000266-003. ISBN 978-1-4338-3711-1. S2CID 243776563.
Rivera & Pardo 2022, p. 53. Rivera, David P.; Pardo, Seth T. (2022). "Gender identity change efforts: A summary". In Haldeman, Douglas C. (ed.). The Case Against Conversion Therapy: Evidence, Ethics, and Alternatives. American Psychological Association. pp. 51–68. doi:10.1037/0000266-003. ISBN 978-1-4338-3711-1. S2CID 243776563.
Rivera & Pardo 2022, p. 56. Rivera, David P.; Pardo, Seth T. (2022). "Gender identity change efforts: A summary". In Haldeman, Douglas C. (ed.). The Case Against Conversion Therapy: Evidence, Ethics, and Alternatives. American Psychological Association. pp. 51–68. doi:10.1037/0000266-003. ISBN 978-1-4338-3711-1. S2CID 243776563.
Rivera & Pardo 2022, p. 58. Rivera, David P.; Pardo, Seth T. (2022). "Gender identity change efforts: A summary". In Haldeman, Douglas C. (ed.). The Case Against Conversion Therapy: Evidence, Ethics, and Alternatives. American Psychological Association. pp. 51–68. doi:10.1037/0000266-003. ISBN 978-1-4338-3711-1. S2CID 243776563.
Haldeman 2022, p. 9. Haldeman, Douglas C. (2022). "Introduction: A history of conversion therapy, from accepted practice to condemnation". The case against conversion 'therapy': Evidence, ethics, and alternatives. pp. 3–16. doi:10.1037/0000266-001. ISBN 978-1-4338-3711-1. S2CID 243777493.
Haldeman 2022, p. 11. Haldeman, Douglas C. (2022). "Introduction: A history of conversion therapy, from accepted practice to condemnation". The case against conversion 'therapy': Evidence, ethics, and alternatives. pp. 3–16. doi:10.1037/0000266-001. ISBN 978-1-4338-3711-1. S2CID 243777493.
Andrade, G.; Campo Redondo, M. (2022). "Is conversion therapy ethical? A renewed discussion in the context of legal efforts to ban it". Ethics, Medicine and Public Health. 20 100732. doi:10.1016/j.jemep.2021.100732.
Haldeman 1991, p. 152 Haldeman, Douglas (1991). "Sexual Orientation Conversion Therapy for Gay Men and Lesbians: A Scientific Examination". Homosexuality: Research Implications for Public Policy. pp. 149–160. doi:10.4135/9781483325422.n10. ISBN 978-0-8039-3764-2.
Haldeman 1991, pp. 152–153 Haldeman, Douglas (1991). "Sexual Orientation Conversion Therapy for Gay Men and Lesbians: A Scientific Examination". Homosexuality: Research Implications for Public Policy. pp. 149–160. doi:10.4135/9781483325422.n10. ISBN 978-0-8039-3764-2.
Davison, Kate (2021). "Cold War Pavlov: Homosexual aversion therapy in the 1960s". History of the Human Sciences. 34 (1): 89–119. doi:10.1177/0952695120911593. S2CID 218922981.
Spandler, Helen; Carr, Sarah (2022). "Lesbian and bisexual women's experiences of aversion therapy in England". History of the Human Sciences. 35 (3–4): 218–236. doi:10.1177/09526951211059422. PMC 9449443. PMID 36090521. S2CID 245753251.
Rolls 2019, p. ^{[page needed]}. Rolls, Geoff (2019). Rolls, Geoff (ed.). Classic Case Studies in Psychology. doi:10.4324/9780429294754. ISBN 978-0-429-29475-4.
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Schmidt 1985, pp. 133–134. Schmidt, Gunter (1985). "Allies and Persecutors". Journal of Homosexuality. 10 (3–4): 127–140. doi:10.1300/J082v10n03_16.
Schwartz 2021, p. 383. Schwartz, Michael (25 June 2021). "Homosexuelle im modernen Deutschland: Eine Langzeitperspektive auf historische Transformationen" [Homosexuals in Modern Germany: A Long-Term Perspective on Historical Transformations]. Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte (in German). 69 (3): 377–414. doi:10.1515/vfzg-2021-0028. S2CID 235689714.
Haldeman 1991, pp. 149, 156–159 Haldeman, Douglas (1991). "Sexual Orientation Conversion Therapy for Gay Men and Lesbians: A Scientific Examination". Homosexuality: Research Implications for Public Policy. pp. 149–160. doi:10.4135/9781483325422.n10. ISBN 978-0-8039-3764-2.
Robinson, Christine M.; Spivey, Sue E. (17 June 2019). "Ungodly Genders: Deconstructing Ex-Gay Movement Discourses of 'Transgenderism' in the US". Social Sciences. 8 (6): 191. doi:10.3390/socsci8060191.
Jones, Tiffany; Jones, Timothy W.; Power, Jennifer; Pallotta-Chiarolli, Maria; Despott, Nathan (3 September 2022). "Mis-education of Australian Youth: exposure to LGBTQA+ conversion ideology and practises". Sex Education. 22 (5): 595–610. doi:10.1080/14681811.2021.1978964. hdl:10536/DRO/DU:30156953. S2CID 241018465.
Haldeman 1991, pp. 150–151 Haldeman, Douglas (1991). "Sexual Orientation Conversion Therapy for Gay Men and Lesbians: A Scientific Examination". Homosexuality: Research Implications for Public Policy. pp. 149–160. doi:10.4135/9781483325422.n10. ISBN 978-0-8039-3764-2.
Haldeman 1991, pp. 151, 256 Haldeman, Douglas (1991). "Sexual Orientation Conversion Therapy for Gay Men and Lesbians: A Scientific Examination". Homosexuality: Research Implications for Public Policy. pp. 149–160. doi:10.4135/9781483325422.n10. ISBN 978-0-8039-3764-2.
Bright 2004, pp. 471–481 Bright, Chuck (December 2004), "Deconstructing Reparative Therapy: An Examination of the Processes Involved When Attempting to Change Sexual Orientation", Clinical Social Work Journal, 32 (4): 471–481, doi:10.1007/s10615-004-0543-2, S2CID 189871877
Ashley, Florence (6 September 2022). "Interrogating Gender-Exploratory Therapy". Perspectives on Psychological Science. 18 (2): 472–481. doi:10.1177/17456916221102325. PMC 10018052. PMID 36068009. S2CID 252108965.
Hausman, Ken (6 July 2001). "Furor Erupts Over Study On Sexual Orientation". Psychiatric News. 36 (13): 20–34. doi:10.1176/pn.36.13.0020. Retrieved 3 June 2025.
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Reed, Geoffrey M.; Drescher, Jack; Krueger, Richard B.; Atalla, Elham; Cochran, Susan D.; First, Michael B.; Cohen-Kettenis, Peggy T.; Arango-de Montis, Iván; Parish, Sharon J.; Cottler, Sara; Briken, Peer (2016). "Disorders related to sexuality and gender identity in the ICD-11: revising the ICD-10 classification based on current scientific evidence, best clinical practices, and human rights considerations". World Psychiatry. 15 (3): 205–221. doi:10.1002/wps.20354. PMC 5032510. PMID 27717275.
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Lawson, Zazie; Davies, Skye; Harmon, Shae; Williams, Matthew; Billawa, Shradha; Holmes, Ryan; Huckridge, Jaymie; Kelly, Phillip; MacIntyre-Harrison, Jess; Neill, Stewart; Song-Chase, Angela; Ward, Hannah; Yates, Michael (October 2023). "A human rights based approach to transgender and gender expansive health". Clinical Psychology Forum. 1 (369): 91–106. doi:10.53841/bpscpf.2023.1.369.91. ISSN 1747-5732. S2CID 265086908. Archived from the original on 24 September 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
Amery, Fran (11 December 2023). "Protecting Children in 'Gender Critical' Rhetoric and Strategy: Regulating Childhood for Cisgender Outcomes". DiGeSt - Journal of Diversity and Gender Studies. 10 (2). doi:10.21825/digest.85309. ISSN 2593-0281. Archived from the original on 24 September 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
Caraballo, Alejandra (December 2022). "The Anti-Transgender Medical Expert Industry". Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics. 50 (4): 687–692. doi:10.1017/jme.2023.9. ISSN 1073-1105. PMID 36883410. Archived from the original on 1 March 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
MacKinnon, Kinnon R.; Gould, Wren Ariel; Enxuga, Gabriel; Kia, Hannah; Abramovich, Alex; Lam, June S. H.; Ross, Lori E. (29 November 2023). "Exploring the gender care experiences and perspectives of individuals who discontinued their transition or detransitioned in Canada". PLOS ONE. 18 (11): e0293868. Bibcode:2023PLoSO..1893868M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0293868. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 10686467. PMID 38019738.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
Forsythe, Anna; Pick, Casey; Tremblay, Gabriel; Malaviya, Shreena; Green, Amy; Sandman, Karen (2022). "Humanistic and Economic Burden of Conversion Therapy Among LGBTQ Youths in the United States". JAMA Pediatrics. 176 (5): 493–501. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.0042. PMC 8902682. PMID 35254391. S2CID 247252995.
Haldeman 2022, p. 7. Haldeman, Douglas C. (2022). "Introduction: A history of conversion therapy, from accepted practice to condemnation". The case against conversion 'therapy': Evidence, ethics, and alternatives. pp. 3–16. doi:10.1037/0000266-001. ISBN 978-1-4338-3711-1. S2CID 243777493.
Flores, Andrew R.; Mallory, Christy; Conron, Kerith J. (2020). "Public attitudes about emergent issues in LGBTQ rights: Conversion therapy and religious refusals". Research & Politics. 7 (4): 205316802096687. doi:10.1177/2053168020966874. S2CID 229001894.
Trispiotis, Ilias; Purshouse, Craig (2021). "'Conversion Therapy' As Degrading Treatment". Oxford Journal of Legal Studies. 42 (1): 104–132. doi:10.1093/ojls/gqab024. PMC 8902017. PMID 35264896.
Purshouse, Craig; Trispiotis, Ilias (2022). "Is 'conversion therapy' tortious?". Legal Studies. 42 (1): 23–41. doi:10.1017/lst.2021.28. S2CID 236227920.
Canady, Valerie (2015). "New report calls for an end to 'conversion therapy' for youth". The Brown University Child and Adolescent Behavior Letter. 31 (12): 3–4. doi:10.1002/cbl.30088.
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Jones, Tiffany; Jones, Timothy W.; Power, Jennifer; Pallotta-Chiarolli, Maria; Despott, Nathan (3 September 2022). "Mis-education of Australian Youth: exposure to LGBTQA+ conversion ideology and practises". Sex Education. 22 (5): 595–610. doi:10.1080/14681811.2021.1978964. hdl:10536/DRO/DU:30156953. S2CID 241018465.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

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MacKinnon, Kinnon R.; Gould, Wren Ariel; Enxuga, Gabriel; Kia, Hannah; Abramovich, Alex; Lam, June S. H.; Ross, Lori E. (29 November 2023). "Exploring the gender care experiences and perspectives of individuals who discontinued their transition or detransitioned in Canada". PLOS ONE. 18 (11): e0293868. Bibcode:2023PLoSO..1893868M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0293868. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 10686467. PMID 38019738.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)

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"Policy and Position Statements on Conversion Therapy". Human Rights Campaign. Archived from the original on 27 April 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2017.

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"Conversion Therapy is Torture". International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims. Archived from the original on 7 January 2021. Retrieved 31 May 2021.

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Creek, S. J.; Dunn, Jennifer L. (2012). "'Be Ye Transformed': The Sexual Storytelling of Ex-gay Participants". Sociological Focus. 45 (4): 306–319. doi:10.1080/00380237.2012.712863. JSTOR 41633922. S2CID 144699323.

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