Convicts in Australia (English Wikipedia)

Maxwell-Stewart, Hamish. "VDL Founders and Survivors Convicts 1802–1853". Digital Panopticon. Archived from the original on 22 October 2019. Retrieved 29 April 2022.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Butler, James Davie (1896). "British Convicts Shipped to American Colonies". The American Historical Review. 2 (1): 12–33. doi:10.2307/1833611. JSTOR 1833611. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 10 September 2019.

freesettlerorfelon.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Convict Ships Bringing Political Prisoners". www.freesettlerorfelon.com. Retrieved 23 March 2021.

gould.com.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Floating Prison: British Prison Hulks". Gould Genealogy & History. Archived from the original on 29 December 2007. Retrieved 22 July 2008.

gutenberg.org (Global: 489^th place; English: 377^th place)

Phillip, Arthur (1789). The Voyage Of Governor Phillip To Botany Bay With An Account Of The Establishment Of The Colonies Of Port Jackson and Norfolk Island. London: John Stockdale, Piccadilly. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 31 January 2015.

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

Butler, James Davie (1896). "British Convicts Shipped to American Colonies". The American Historical Review. 2 (1): 12–33. doi:10.2307/1833611. JSTOR 1833611. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 10 September 2019.

lawfoundation.net.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Kirby, Michael review of Collins, the Courts and The Colony, UNSW Press, 1996. on Law and Justice Foundation of New South Wales website". Archived from the original on 21 March 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2020.

le.ac.uk (Global: 5,357^th place; English: 3,654^th place)

convictscc.le.ac.uk

Anderson, Claire (31 August 2022). "Constance Couronne: from enslaved child in Mauritius to emancipated convict grandmother in New South Wales". Convicts, creolization and cosmopolitanism in the British and French empires. University of Leicester. Retrieved 9 June 2024.

monash.edu (Global: low place; English: 9,141^st place)

lens.monash.edu

"Those convicts who came to Australia? They should be celebrated". Monash Lens. 3 September 2019. Retrieved 23 March 2021.

nla.gov.au (Global: 275^th place; English: 181^st place)

"Australasian Politics". The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser. Vol. XXIV, no. 1258. 11 November 1826. p. 2. Retrieved 18 June 2021.
"COLONIAL EXTRACTS". Geelong Advertiser and Squatters' Advocate (Vic. : 1845 - 1847). 1 October 1847. p. 1. Retrieved 12 March 2019.

nsw.gov.au (Global: 640^th place; English: 382^nd place)

search.records.nsw.gov.au

"King George's Sound Settlement". State Records. State Records Authority of New South Wales. Archived from the original on 17 May 2014. Retrieved 14 May 2014.

play.google.com (Global: 1,228^th place; English: 1,005^th place)

Boyd, Benjamin (1992). A letter to His Excellency Sir William Denison : ... Lieutenant-Governor of Van Diemen's Land, on the expediency of transferring the unemployed labour of that colony to New South Wales. By Benjamin Boyd. Sydney : printed by E. Wolfe, George Street.

qub.ac.uk (Global: 8,565^th place; English: 5,337^th place)

pureadmin.qub.ac.uk

Litvak, Leon. "Criminality and its Penalties in Victorian Times". Queen's University Belfast. Retrieved 29 September 2024.

simonandschuster.com.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

Black Convicts. 30 October 2024. ISBN 978-1-76110-723-8.

smh.com.au (Global: 132^nd place; English: 96^th place)

Barlass, Tim (20 February 2019). "Descendants of mostly convicts and they're proud of it" Archived 20 February 2019 at the Wayback Machine, The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 3 May 2020.

thebiggreen.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

By the Gallows Archived 28 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine

themonthly.com.au (Global: low place; English: 7,484^th place)

Hirst, John (July 2008). "An Oddity From the Start: Convicts and National Character" Archived 27 December 2019 at the Wayback Machine, The Monthly. Retrieved 4 May 2015.

tocal.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

bpwxhtml0508. "Tocal's convict 1822–1840". Tocal. Archived from the original on 27 May 2009. Retrieved 12 January 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

ucl.ac.uk (Global: 1,306^th place; English: 885^th place)

discovery.ucl.ac.uk

A free download of Memorandoms by James Martin Archived 22 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Edited by Tim Causer, UCL Press, ISBN 978-1-911576-81-5.

unesco.org (Global: 104^th place; English: 199^th place)

whc.unesco.org

"Australian Convict Sites". World Heritage List. UNESCO. 2010. Archived from the original on 20 January 2013. Retrieved 2 August 2010.

utas.edu.au (Global: 9,835^th place; English: 6,097^th place)

Black Convicts: Black Convicts, access-date: 13 June 2022

utexas.edu (Global: 916^th place; English: 706^th place)

sites.utexas.edu

https://sites.utexas.edu/climatesecurity/2019/12/18/race-in-australia-part-ii/

victorianweb.org (Global: 3,505^th place; English: 2,915^th place)

Del Col, Laura (1988). "The Life of the Industrial Worker in Ninteenth-Century [sic] England". The Victorian Web. Archived from the original on 25 March 2015. Retrieved 19 March 2015.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Convicts and the British colonies in Australia". Government of Australia. Archived from the original on 1 January 2016. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
"Crimes of Convicts transported to Australia". Convict Records. Archived from the original on 25 October 2018. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
Barlass, Tim (20 February 2019). "Descendants of mostly convicts and they're proud of it" Archived 20 February 2019 at the Wayback Machine, The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
"Online records highlight Australia's convict past" Archived 25 March 2019 at the Wayback Machine, ABC News (25 July 2007). Retrieved 21 September 2016.
Hirst, John (July 2008). "An Oddity From the Start: Convicts and National Character" Archived 27 December 2019 at the Wayback Machine, The Monthly. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
"BBC News - Booze". BBC. Archived from the original on 4 March 2009. Retrieved 22 July 2008.
Del Col, Laura (1988). "The Life of the Industrial Worker in Ninteenth-Century [sic] England". The Victorian Web. Archived from the original on 25 March 2015. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
Part I: History of the Death Penalty Archived 27 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine
"The Floating Prison: British Prison Hulks". Gould Genealogy & History. Archived from the original on 29 December 2007. Retrieved 22 July 2008.
By the Gallows Archived 28 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine
Butler, James Davie (1896). "British Convicts Shipped to American Colonies". The American Historical Review. 2 (1): 12–33. doi:10.2307/1833611. JSTOR 1833611. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 10 September 2019.
Phillip, Arthur (1789). The Voyage Of Governor Phillip To Botany Bay With An Account Of The Establishment Of The Colonies Of Port Jackson and Norfolk Island. London: John Stockdale, Piccadilly. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
A free download of Memorandoms by James Martin Archived 22 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Edited by Tim Causer, UCL Press, ISBN 978-1-911576-81-5.
bpwxhtml0508. "Tocal's convict 1822–1840". Tocal. Archived from the original on 27 May 2009. Retrieved 12 January 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
Convicts Archived 12 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine
Maxwell-Stewart, Hamish. "VDL Founders and Survivors Convicts 1802–1853". Digital Panopticon. Archived from the original on 22 October 2019. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
"The Westernport Settlement of 1826–28" Archived 21 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine
"King George's Sound Settlement". State Records. State Records Authority of New South Wales. Archived from the original on 17 May 2014. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
"Australian Convict Sites". World Heritage List. UNESCO. 2010. Archived from the original on 20 January 2013. Retrieved 2 August 2010.
Byrnes, Paul. Prisons on Film Archived 12 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine, Australian Screen. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
"Kirby, Michael review of Collins, the Courts and The Colony, UNSW Press, 1996. on Law and Justice Foundation of New South Wales website". Archived from the original on 21 March 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2020.

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Pybus, C, A Touch of the Tar: African Settlers in Colonial Australia and the Implications for Aboriginality, London Papers in Australian Studies, Menzies Centre for Australian Studies, 3 pp. 1–24. ISSN 1746-1774 (2001) [Non Refereed Article]
Henry), Wilde, W. H. (William (1994). The Oxford companion to Australian literature. Hooton, Joy W., Andrews, B. G., 1943-1987. (2nd ed.). Melbourne: Oxford University Press. ISBN 019553381X. OCLC 32470151.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

zenodo.org (Global: 621^st place; English: 380^th place)

Butler, James Davie (1896). "British Convicts Shipped to American Colonies". The American Historical Review. 2 (1): 12–33. doi:10.2307/1833611. JSTOR 1833611. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 10 September 2019.

Convicts in Australia (English Wikipedia)

abc.net.au (Global: 139th place; English: 108th place)

amw.org.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

ancestry.com (Global: 858th place; English: 569th place)

rootsweb.ancestry.com

aso.gov.au (Global: low place; English: 7,869th place)

australia.gov.au (Global: low place; English: 9,647th place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 8th place; English: 10th place)

news.bbc.co.uk

convictrecords.com.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

cultureandrecreation.gov.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

deathpenaltyinfo.org (Global: 4,549th place; English: 3,287th place)

digitalpanopticon.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

freesettlerorfelon.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

gould.com.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

gutenberg.org (Global: 489th place; English: 377th place)

jstor.org (Global: 26th place; English: 20th place)

lawfoundation.net.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

le.ac.uk (Global: 5,357th place; English: 3,654th place)

convictscc.le.ac.uk

monash.edu (Global: low place; English: 9,141st place)

lens.monash.edu

nla.gov.au (Global: 275th place; English: 181st place)

nsw.gov.au (Global: 640th place; English: 382nd place)

search.records.nsw.gov.au

play.google.com (Global: 1,228th place; English: 1,005th place)

qub.ac.uk (Global: 8,565th place; English: 5,337th place)

pureadmin.qub.ac.uk

simonandschuster.com.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

smh.com.au (Global: 132nd place; English: 96th place)

thebiggreen.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

themonthly.com.au (Global: low place; English: 7,484th place)

tocal.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

ucl.ac.uk (Global: 1,306th place; English: 885th place)

discovery.ucl.ac.uk

unesco.org (Global: 104th place; English: 199th place)

whc.unesco.org

utas.edu.au (Global: 9,835th place; English: 6,097th place)

utexas.edu (Global: 916th place; English: 706th place)

sites.utexas.edu

victorianweb.org (Global: 3,505th place; English: 2,915th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

search.worldcat.org

zenodo.org (Global: 621st place; English: 380th place)

abc.net.au (Global: 139^th place; English: 108^th place)

ancestry.com (Global: 858^th place; English: 569^th place)

aso.gov.au (Global: low place; English: 7,869^th place)

australia.gov.au (Global: low place; English: 9,647^th place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 8^th place; English: 10^th place)

deathpenaltyinfo.org (Global: 4,549^th place; English: 3,287^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

gutenberg.org (Global: 489^th place; English: 377^th place)

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

le.ac.uk (Global: 5,357^th place; English: 3,654^th place)

monash.edu (Global: low place; English: 9,141^st place)

nla.gov.au (Global: 275^th place; English: 181^st place)

nsw.gov.au (Global: 640^th place; English: 382^nd place)

play.google.com (Global: 1,228^th place; English: 1,005^th place)

qub.ac.uk (Global: 8,565^th place; English: 5,337^th place)

smh.com.au (Global: 132^nd place; English: 96^th place)

themonthly.com.au (Global: low place; English: 7,484^th place)

ucl.ac.uk (Global: 1,306^th place; English: 885^th place)

unesco.org (Global: 104^th place; English: 199^th place)

utas.edu.au (Global: 9,835^th place; English: 6,097^th place)

utexas.edu (Global: 916^th place; English: 706^th place)

victorianweb.org (Global: 3,505^th place; English: 2,915^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

zenodo.org (Global: 621^st place; English: 380^th place)