Copper (English Wikipedia)

Jackson, Ross A.; Evans, Nicholas J.; Babula, Dawid J.; Horsley Downie, Thomas M.; Charman, Rex S. C.; Neale, Samuel E.; Mahon, Mary F.; Liptrot, David J. (28 January 2025). "Nucleophilicity at copper(-I) in a compound with a Cu–Mg bond". Nature Communications. 16 (1): 1101. Bibcode:2025NatCo..16.1101J. doi:10.1038/s41467-025-56544-z. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 11775243. PMID 39875432.
Moret, Marc-Etienne; Zhang, Limei; Peters, Jonas C. (2013). "A Polar Copper–Boron One-Electron σ-Bond". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 (10): 3792–3795. Bibcode:2013JAChS.135.3792M. doi:10.1021/ja4006578. PMID 23418750.
Rickett, B. I.; Payer, J. H. (1995). "Composition of Copper Tarnish Products Formed in Moist Air with Trace Levels of Pollutant Gas: Hydrogen Sulfide and Sulfur Dioxide/Hydrogen Sulfide". Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 142 (11): 3723–3728. Bibcode:1995JElS..142.3723R. doi:10.1149/1.2048404.
Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
Romano, Donatella; Matteucci, Fransesca (2007). "Contrasting copper evolution in ω Centauri and the Milky Way". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. 378 (1): L59–L63. arXiv:astro-ph/0703760. Bibcode:2007MNRAS.378L..59R. doi:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2007.00320.x. S2CID 14595800.
Gordon, R.B.; Bertram, M.; Graedel, T.E. (2006). "Metal stocks and sustainability". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (5): 1209–1214. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103.1209G. doi:10.1073/pnas.0509498103. PMC 1360560. PMID 16432205.
Watling, H.R. (2006). "The bioleaching of sulphide minerals with emphasis on copper sulphides – A review" (PDF). Hydrometallurgy. 84 (1): 81–108. Bibcode:2006HydMe..84...81W. doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2006.05.001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 August 2011.
Su, Kun; Ma, Xiaodong; Parianos, John; Zhao, Baojun (2020). "Thermodynamic and Experimental Study on Efficient Extraction of Valuable Metals from Polymetallic Nodules". Minerals. 10 (4): 360. Bibcode:2020Mine...10..360S. doi:10.3390/min10040360.
Lu, Tao; Chen, Wei-Qiang; Ma, Yibing; Qian, Qingchang; Jia, Jinping (2023). "Environmental impacts and improvement potentials for copper mining and mineral processing operations in China". Journal of Environmental Management. 342 118178. Bibcode:2023JEnvM.34218178L. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118178. PMID 37196612.
Chen, Li; Zhou, Mingxi; Wang, Jingzhe; Zhang, Zhiqin; Duan, Chengjiao; Wang, Xiangxiang; Zhao, Shuling; Bai, Xiaohan; Li, Zhijie; Li, Zimin; Fang, Linchuan (2022). "A global meta-analysis of heavy metal(loid)s pollution in soils near copper mines: Evaluation of pollution level and probabilistic health risks". Science of the Total Environment. 835 155441. Bibcode:2022ScTEn.83555441C. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155441. PMID 35469881.
Izydorczyk, Grzegorz; Mikula, Katarzyna; Skrzypczak, Dawid; Moustakas, Konstantinos; Witek-Krowiak, Anna; Chojnacka, Katarzyna (2021). "Potential environmental pollution from copper metallurgy and methods of management". Environmental Research. 197 111050. Bibcode:2021ER....19711050I. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.111050. PMID 33753074.
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Rafael Chinchilla & Carmen Nájera (2007). "The Sonogashira Reaction: A Booming Methodology in Synthetic Organic Chemistry". Chemical Reviews. 107 (3): 874–922. Bibcode:2007ChRv..107..874C. doi:10.1021/cr050992x. PMID 17305399.
Kharasch, M.S.; Tawney, P.O. (1941). "Factors Determining the Course and Mechanisms of Grignard Reactions. II. The Effect of Metallic Compounds on the Reaction between Isophorone and Methylmagnesium Bromide". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 63 (9): 2308–2316. Bibcode:1941JAChS..63.2308K. doi:10.1021/ja01854a005.
Schwesinger, Reinhard; Link, Reinhard; Wenzl, Peter; Kossek, Sebastian (2006). "Anhydrous phosphazenium fluorides as sources for extremely reactive fluoride ions in solution". Chemistry: A European Journal. 12 (2): 438–45. Bibcode:2006ChEuJ..12..438S. doi:10.1002/chem.200500838. PMID 16196062.
Mirica, Liviu M.; Ottenwaelder, Xavier; Stack, T. Daniel P. (1 February 2004). "Structure and Spectroscopy of Copper−Dioxygen Complexes". Chemical Reviews. 104 (2): 1013–1046. Bibcode:2004ChRv..104.1013M. doi:10.1021/cr020632z. ISSN 0009-2665. PMID 14871148.
Hickman, A.; Sanford, M. (2012). "High-valent organometallic copper and palladium in catalysis". Nature. 484 (7393): 177–185. Bibcode:2012Natur.484..177H. doi:10.1038/nature11008. PMC 4384170. PMID 22498623.
Decker, H. & Terwilliger, N. (2000). "COPs and Robbers: Putative evolution of copper oxygen-binding proteins". Journal of Experimental Biology. 203 (Pt 12): 1777–1782. Bibcode:2000JExpB.203.1777D. doi:10.1242/jeb.203.12.1777. PMID 10821735.
Burkhead, Jason L.; Gogolin Reynolds, Kathryn A.; Abdel-Ghany, Salah E.; Cohu, Christopher M.; Pilon, Marinus (2009). "Copper homeostasis". New Phytologist. 182 (4): 799–816. Bibcode:2009NewPh.182..799B. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02846.x. PMID 19402880.
Ala, Aftab; Walker, Ann P.; Ashkan, Keyoumars; Dooley, James S.; Schilsky, Michael L. (3 February 2007). "Wilson's disease". The Lancet. 369 (9559): 397–408. Bibcode:2007Lanc..369..397A. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60196-2. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 17276780.
Talhout, Reinskje; Schulz, Thomas; Florek, Ewa; Van Benthem, Jan; Wester, Piet; Opperhuizen, Antoon (2011). "Hazardous Compounds in Tobacco Smoke". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 8 (12): 613–628. Bibcode:2011IJERP...8..613T. doi:10.3390/ijerph8020613. ISSN 1660-4601. PMC 3084482. PMID 21556207.
Thoury, M.; Mille, B.; Séverin-Fabiani, T.; Robbiola, L.; Réfrégiers, M.; Jarrige, J-F; Bertrand, L. (15 November 2016). "High spatial dynamics-photoluminescence imaging reveals the metallurgy of the earliest lost-wax cast object". Nature Communications. 7 (1) 13356. Bibcode:2016NatCo...713356T. doi:10.1038/ncomms13356. PMC 5116070. PMID 27843139.
Pompeani, David P; Steinman, Byron A; Abbott, Mark B; Pompeani, Katherine M; Reardon, William; DePasqual, Seth; Mueller, Robin H (April 2021). "On the Timing of the Old Copper Complex in North America: A Comparison of Radiocarbon Dates from Different Archaeological Contexts". Radiocarbon. 63 (2): 513–531. Bibcode:2021Radcb..63..513P. doi:10.1017/RDC.2021.7.
Bebber, Michelle R.; Buchanan, Briggs; Holland-Lulewicz, Jacob (26 April 2022). "Refining the chronology of North America's copper using traditions: A macroscalar approach via Bayesian modeling". PLOS ONE. 17 (4) e0266908. Bibcode:2022PLoSO..1766908B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0266908. PMC 9041870. PMID 35472064.
Pompeani, David P.; Abbott, Mark B.; Steinman, Byron A.; Bain, Daniel J. (4 June 2013). "Lake Sediments Record Prehistoric Lead Pollution Related to Early Copper Production in North America". Environmental Science & Technology. 47 (11): 5545–5552. Bibcode:2013EnST...47.5545P. doi:10.1021/es304499c. PMID 23621800.
Bebber, Michelle R.; Eren, Metin I. (October 2018). "Toward a functional understanding of the North American Old Copper Culture 'technomic devolution'". Journal of Archaeological Science. 98: 34–44. Bibcode:2018JArSc..98...34B. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2018.08.001.
Ehrhardt, Kathleen L. (September 2009). "Copper Working Technologies, Contexts of Use, and Social Complexity in the Eastern Woodlands of Native North America". Journal of World Prehistory. 22 (3): 213–235. Bibcode:2009JWPre..22..213E. doi:10.1007/s10963-009-9020-8.
Chastain, Matthew L.; Deymier-Black, Alix C.; Kelly, John E.; Brown, James A.; Dunand, David C. (July 2011). "Metallurgical analysis of copper artifacts from Cahokia". Journal of Archaeological Science. 38 (7): 1727–1736. Bibcode:2011JArSc..38.1727C. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2011.03.004.
Shimada, Izumi; Merkel, John F. (July 1991). "Copper-Alloy Metallurgy in Ancient Peru". Scientific American. 265 (1): 80–86. Bibcode:1991SciAm.265a..80S. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0791-80. JSTOR 24936982.
Hong, Sungmin; Candelone, Jean-Pierre; Patterson, Clair C.; Boutron, Claude F. (12 April 1996). "History of Ancient Copper Smelting Pollution During Roman and Medieval Times Recorded in Greenland Ice". Science. 272 (5259): 246–249. Bibcode:1996Sci...272..246H. doi:10.1126/science.272.5259.246.
Fitzgerald, K.P.; Nairn, J.; Atrens, A. (1998). "The chemistry of copper patination". Corrosion Science. 40 (12): 2029–50. Bibcode:1998Corro..40.2029F. doi:10.1016/S0010-938X(98)00093-6.
Richmond SJ, Gunadasa S, Bland M, Macpherson H (2013). "Copper bracelets and magnetic wrist straps for rheumatoid arthritis – analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects: a randomised double-blind placebo controlled crossover trial". PLOS ONE. 8 (9) e71529. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...871529R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071529. PMC 3774818. PMID 24066023.

ajcn.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

M.C. Linder; Wooten, L.; Cerveza, P.; Cotton, S.; Shulze, R.; Lomeli, N. (1 May 1998). "Copper transport". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 67 (5): 965S–971S. doi:10.1093/ajcn/67.5.965S. PMID 9587137.

americanchemistry.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Chemistry and Automobiles Driving the Future" (PDF). American Chemistry Counsil. May 2024.

americanelements.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Copper". American Elements. 2008. Archived from the original on 8 June 2008. Retrieved 12 July 2008.

antimicrobialcopper.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

PR 811 Chilean Subway Installs Antimicrobial Copper Archived 23 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine. (PDF). antimicrobialcopper.com. Retrieved on 8 November 2011.

antiquity.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

Radivojević, Miljana; Rehren, Thilo (December 2013). "Tainted ores and the rise of tin bronzes in Eurasia, c. 6500 years ago". Antiquity Publications Ltd. Retrieved 5 February 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)

apmex.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"What is 90% Silver?". American Precious Metals Exchange (APMEX). Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 1 July 2019.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Muhly, James David (1973). Copper and Tin. Hamden, Connecticut: The Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences. pp. 174–175. ISBN 0-208-01217-6.
Hammond, C. R. (2004). The Elements, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (81st ed.). CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
Emsley, John (2003). Nature's building blocks: an A–Z guide to the elements. Oxford University Press. pp. 121–125. ISBN 978-0-19-850340-8. Retrieved 2 May 2011.
Emsley, John (2003). Nature's building blocks: an A–Z guide to the elements. Oxford University Press. pp. 124, 231, 449, 503. ISBN 978-0-19-850340-8. Retrieved 2 May 2011.
Brown, Lester (2006). Plan B 2.0: Rescuing a Planet Under Stress and a Civilization in Trouble. New York: W.W. Norton. p. 109. ISBN 978-0-393-32831-8.

archives-ouvertes.fr (Global: 1,143^rd place; English: 973^rd place)

hal.archives-ouvertes.fr

Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001

arxiv.org (Global: 49^th place; English: 31^st place)

Romano, Donatella; Matteucci, Fransesca (2007). "Contrasting copper evolution in ω Centauri and the Milky Way". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. 378 (1): L59–L63. arXiv:astro-ph/0703760. Bibcode:2007MNRAS.378L..59R. doi:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2007.00320.x. S2CID 14595800.

azcentral.com (Global: 1,030^th place; English: 521^st place)

Randazzo, Ryan (19 June 2011). "A new method to harvest copper". Azcentral.com. Archived from the original on 22 June 2011. Retrieved 25 April 2014.

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Balver Zinn Solder Sn97Cu3 Archived 7 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. (PDF) . balverzinn.com. Retrieved on 8 November 2011.

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nndc.bnl.gov

"Interactive Chart of Nuclides". National Nuclear Data Center. Archived from the original on 25 August 2013. Retrieved 8 April 2011.

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Ryck Lydecker. "Is Copper Bottom Paint Sinking?". BoatUS Magazine. Archived from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 3 June 2016.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Trigg, George L.; Immergut, Edmund H. (1992). Encyclopedia of Applied Physics. Vol. 4: Combustion to Diamagnetism. VCH. pp. 267–272. ISBN 978-3-527-28126-8. Retrieved 2 May 2011.
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Green, Dan (2016). The Periodic Table in Minutes. Quercus. ISBN 978-1-68144-329-4.
Corrosion Tests and Standards. ASTM International. 2005. p. 368.
Wiley-Vch (2 April 2007). "Nonsystematic (Contact) Fungicides". Ullmann's Agrochemicals. Wiley. p. 623. ISBN 978-3-527-31604-5.
Haarmann, Harald (2014). Roots of Ancient Greek Civilization: The influence of old Europe. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc. pp. 60–61. ISBN 978-0-7864-7827-9 – via Google.
Pleger, Thomas C. "A Brief Introduction to the Old Copper Complex of the Western Great Lakes: 4000–1000 BC", Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh Annual Meeting of the Forest History Association of Wisconsin, Oconto, Wisconsin, 5 October 2002, pp. 10–18.
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Herbert, Eugenia W. (1984). "Introduction". Red Gold of Africa: Copper in Precolonial History and Culture. University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 978-0-299-09604-5.
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Deane, D. V. "Modern Coinage Systems" (PDF). British Numismatic Society. Retrieved 1 July 2019.

ca.gov (Global: 352^nd place; English: 167^th place)

oehha.ca.gov

OEHHA Copper

caltech.edu (Global: 240^th place; English: 473^rd place)

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Moret, Marc-Etienne; Zhang, Limei; Peters, Jonas C. (2013). "A Polar Copper–Boron One-Electron σ-Bond". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 (10): 3792–3795. Bibcode:2013JAChS.135.3792M. doi:10.1021/ja4006578. PMID 23418750.

cdc.gov (Global: 251^st place; English: 248^th place)

"#0151". NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
"#0150". NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.

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"Copper, Chemical Element – Overview, Discovery and naming, Physical properties, Chemical properties, Occurrence in nature, Isotopes". Chemistryexplained.com. Retrieved 16 October 2012.

ciaaw.org (Global: 9,183^rd place; English: low place)

"Standard Atomic Weights: Copper". CIAAW. 1969.

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Woods, Bob (27 September 2023). "Copper is critical to energy transition. The world is falling way behind on producing enough". CNBC. Retrieved 22 December 2023.

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Codelco to provide antimicrobial copper for new metro lines (Chile) ^{[dead link]}. Construpages.com.ve. Retrieved on 8 November 2011.

copper.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Copper in human health".
"Copper.org: Education: Statue of Liberty: Reclothing the First Lady of Metals – Repair Concerns". Copper.org. Retrieved 11 April 2011.
"Overview of Recycled Copper" Copper.org. (25 August 2010). Retrieved on 8 November 2011.
"Amount of copper in the normal human body, and other nutritional copper facts". Archived from the original on 10 April 2009. Retrieved 3 April 2009.
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"Application Areas: Architecture - Finishes". www.copper.org. Retrieved 1 June 2026.
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Corrosion Behaviour of Copper Alloys used in Marine Aquaculture Archived 24 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine. (PDF) . copper.org. Retrieved on 8 November 2011.

copperinfo.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

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"Repairing aluminum wiring" (PDF). U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 December 2016. Retrieved 23 December 2023. A national survey conducted by Franklin Research Institute for CPSC showed that homes built before 1972, and wired with aluminum, are 55 times more likely to have one or more wire connections at outlets reach "Fire Hazard Conditions" than homes wired with copper.

csa.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"CSA – Discovery Guides, A Brief History of Copper". Csa.com. Archived from the original on 3 February 2015. Retrieved 12 September 2008.

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Berg, Jan. "Why did we paint the library's roof?". Archived from the original on 25 June 2007. Retrieved 20 September 2007.

degruyter.com (Global: 927^th place; English: 757^th place)

Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (4 May 2022). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

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Audy, K.; Audy, J. (1 June 2006). "Analysis of the Bell-Making Process from the Middle Ages to Recent Times". Practical Metallography. 43 (6): 271–292. doi:10.1515/pm-2006-0071. ISSN 2195-8599.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (4 May 2022). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
Cu(−2) has been observed as dimeric anions [Cu₄]^2– in La₂Cu₂In; see Myung-Hwan Whangbo; Changhoon Lee; Jürgen Köhler (2006). "Transition-Metal Anions in Solids and Their Implications on Bonding". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 45 (44): 7465–7469. doi:10.1002/anie.200602712.
Jackson, Ross A.; Evans, Nicholas J.; Babula, Dawid J.; Horsley Downie, Thomas M.; Charman, Rex S. C.; Neale, Samuel E.; Mahon, Mary F.; Liptrot, David J. (28 January 2025). "Nucleophilicity at copper(-I) in a compound with a Cu–Mg bond". Nature Communications. 16 (1): 1101. Bibcode:2025NatCo..16.1101J. doi:10.1038/s41467-025-56544-z. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 11775243. PMID 39875432.
Moret, Marc-Etienne; Zhang, Limei; Peters, Jonas C. (2013). "A Polar Copper–Boron One-Electron σ-Bond". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 (10): 3792–3795. Bibcode:2013JAChS.135.3792M. doi:10.1021/ja4006578. PMID 23418750.
Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 28. doi:10.1016/C2009-0-30414-6. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
Rickett, B. I.; Payer, J. H. (1995). "Composition of Copper Tarnish Products Formed in Moist Air with Trace Levels of Pollutant Gas: Hydrogen Sulfide and Sulfur Dioxide/Hydrogen Sulfide". Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 142 (11): 3723–3728. Bibcode:1995JElS..142.3723R. doi:10.1149/1.2048404.
Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
Romano, Donatella; Matteucci, Fransesca (2007). "Contrasting copper evolution in ω Centauri and the Milky Way". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. 378 (1): L59–L63. arXiv:astro-ph/0703760. Bibcode:2007MNRAS.378L..59R. doi:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2007.00320.x. S2CID 14595800.
Gordon, R.B.; Bertram, M.; Graedel, T.E. (2006). "Metal stocks and sustainability". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (5): 1209–1214. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103.1209G. doi:10.1073/pnas.0509498103. PMC 1360560. PMID 16432205.
Schmitz, Christopher (1986). "The Rise of Big Business in the World, Copper Industry 1870–1930". Economic History Review. 2. 39 (3): 392–410. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0289.1986.tb00411.x. JSTOR 2596347.
Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 1174–1175. doi:10.1016/C2009-0-30414-6. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
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Sicius, Hermann (2024). Handbook of the Chemical Elements. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-68921-9. ISBN 978-3-662-68920-2.
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Copper (English Wikipedia)

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