Copper extraction (English Wikipedia)

Shaw, Ian (2002). A Dictionary of Archaeology. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 582–583. ISBN 978-0-631-23583-5.
Roberts, R. O. (5 November 2013). "Non-ferrous smelting". In Minchinton, W.E (ed.). Industrial South Wales 1750-1914: Essays in Welsh Economic History. Routledge. p. 141. ISBN 978-1-136-61779-9.

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Jeff Wallenfeldt. "Swansea". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 8 June 2019.

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"Una nueva fundición para Chile. Posible y necesaria". CESCO (in Spanish). 2023-07-17. Retrieved 2025-04-22.

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"About the Company". Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 24 August 2015.

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Lossin, Adalbert (2001). "Copper". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a07_471. ISBN 3-527-30673-0.
Pompeani, David P.; Steinman, Byron A.; Abbott, Mark B.; et al. (April 2021). "On the timing of the Old Copper complex in North America: A comparison of radiocarbon dates from different archaeological contexts". Radiocarbon. 63 (2): 513–531. Bibcode:2021Radcb..63..513P. doi:10.1017/RDC.2021.7. The ¹⁴
C ages presented herein and by Reardon (2014) push back the oldest known copper artifact age to at least 7690 ± 40 BP (ca. 8500 cal BP)
Braidwood, Robert J.; Çambel, Halet; Redman, Charles L.; Watson, Patty Jo (1971). "Beginnings of Village-Farming Communities in Southeastern Turkey". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 68 (6): 1236–1240. Bibcode:1971PNAS...68.1236B. doi:10.1073/pnas.68.6.1236. PMC 389161. PMID 16591930.
Radivojević, Miljana; Roberts, Benjamin W. (2021). "Early Balkan Metallurgy: Origins, Evolution and Society, 6200–3700 BC". Journal of World Prehistory. 34 (2): 195–278. doi:10.1007/s10963-021-09155-7. ISSN 0892-7537.
Scattolin, M. Cristina; Bugliani, M. Fabiana; Cortés, Leticia; Pereyra Domingorena y C. Marilin Calo, Lucas (2010). "Una máscara de cobre de 3000 años. Estudios arqueometalúrgicos y comparaciones regionales" [A 3000 year-old copper mask. Archeometalurgical analysis and regional comparisons]. Boletín del Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino (in Spanish). 15 (online ed.). Santiago de Chile: 25–46. doi:10.4067/s0718-68942010000100003. ISSN 0718-6894.
Eichler, A.; Gramlich, G.; Kellerhals, T.; Tobler, L.; Rehren, Th.; Schwikowski, M. (2017). "Ice-core evidence of earliest extensive copper metallurgy in the Andes 2700 years ago". Nature. 7 41855. Bibcode:2017NatSR...741855E. doi:10.1038/srep41855. PMC 5282569. PMID 28139760.
Tasker, Peter A.; Tong, Christine C.; Westra, Arjan N. (2007). "Co-extraction of Cations and Anions in Base Metal Recovery". Coordination Chemistry Reviews. 251 (13–14): 1868–1877. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2007.03.014.
Petersen, Jochen (October 2016). "Heap leaching as a key technology for recovery of values from low-grade ores – A brief overview". Hydrometallurgy. 165: 206–212. Bibcode:2016HydMe.165..206P. doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2015.09.001.
Wu, Biao; Yang, Xinlong; Wen, Jiankang; Wang, Dianzuo (2019-11-05). "Semiconductor-Microbial Mechanism of Selective Dissolution of Chalcocite in Bioleaching". ACS Omega. 4 (19): 18279–18288. doi:10.1021/acsomega.9b02294. ISSN 2470-1343. PMC 6844112. PMID 31720528.
Rahman, Reza M.; Ata, Seher; Jameson, Graeme J. (November 2013). "Froth recovery measurements in an industrial flotation cell". Minerals Engineering. 53: 193–202. Bibcode:2013MiEng..53..193R. doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2013.08.003. ISSN 0892-6875.
Yu, Shichao; Liao, Rui; Yang, Baojun; Fang, Chaojun; Wang, Zhentang; Liu, Yuling; Wu, Baiqiang; Wang, Jun; Qiu, Guanzhou (January 2022). "Chalcocite (bio)hydrometallurgy—current state, mechanism, and future directions: A review". Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering. 41: 109–120. doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2021.12.014. ISSN 1004-9541. S2CID 245562646.
Watling, H. R. (October 2006). "The bioleaching of sulphide minerals with emphasis on copper sulphides — A review". Hydrometallurgy. 84 (1): 81–108. Bibcode:2006HydMe..84...81W. doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2006.05.001. ISSN 0304-386X.
Panda, Sandeep; Akcil, Ata; Pradhan, Nilotpala; Deveci, Haci (November 2015). "Current scenario of chalcopyrite bioleaching: A review on the recent advances to its heap-leach technology". Bioresource Technology. 196: 694–706. Bibcode:2015BiTec.196..694P. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.064. ISSN 0960-8524. PMID 26318845. S2CID 2254790.
Brierley, C. L. (December 2008). "How will biomining be applied in future?". Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China. 18 (6): 1302–1310. doi:10.1016/S1003-6326(09)60002-9. ISSN 1003-6326.
Feng, Qicheng; Yang, Wenhang; Wen, Shuming; Wang, Han; Zhao, Wenjuan; Han, Guang (November 2022). "Flotation of copper oxide minerals: A review". International Journal of Mining Science and Technology. 32 (6): 1351–1364. Bibcode:2022IJMST..32.1351F. doi:10.1016/j.ijmst.2022.09.011. ISSN 2095-2686. S2CID 253788625.
Fuerstenau, D. W.; Herrera-Urbina, R.; McGlashan, D. W. (February 2000). "Studies on the applicability of chelating agents as universal collectors for copper minerals". International Journal of Mineral Processing. 58 (1): 15–33. Bibcode:2000IJMP...58...15F. doi:10.1016/S0301-7516(99)00058-7. ISSN 0301-7516.
Kariuki, Stephen; Moore, Cory; McDonald, Andrew M. (March 2009). "Chlorate-based oxidative hydrometallurgical extraction of copper and zinc from copper concentrate sulfide ores using mild acidic conditions". Hydrometallurgy. 96 (1): 72–76. Bibcode:2009HydMe..96...72K. doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2008.08.008. ISSN 0304-386X.
Han, Baisui; Altansukh, Batnasan; Haga, Kazutoshi; Stevanović, Zoran; Jonović, Radojka; Avramović, Ljiljana; Urosević, Daniela; Takasaki, Yasushi; Masuda, Nobuyuki; Ishiyama, Daizo; Shibayama, Atsushi (2018-06-15). "Development of copper recovery process from flotation tailings by a combined method of high‒pressure leaching‒solvent extraction". Journal of Hazardous Materials. 352: 192–203. Bibcode:2018JHzM..352..192H. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.03.014. ISSN 0304-3894. PMID 29609151. S2CID 4879400.
M. Nagamori (1974). "Metal loss to slag: Part I. Sulfidic and oxidic dissolution of copper in fayalite slag from low grade matte". Metallurgical Transactions. 5 (3): 531–538. Bibcode:1974MT......5..531N. doi:10.1007/BF02644646. S2CID 135507603.
Matousek, J (1993). "Oxygen potentials of copper smelting slags". Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly. 32 (2): 97–101. Bibcode:1993CaMQ...32...97M. doi:10.1179/cmq.1993.32.2.97.
P J Mackey (2011). "The Physical Chemistry of Copper Smelting Slags and Copper Losses at the Paipote SmelterPart 2 – Characterisation of industrial slags". Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly. 50 (4): 330–340. Bibcode:2011CaMQ...50..330C. doi:10.1179/000844311X13112418194806. S2CID 137350753.

ecometales.cl (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Arsénico y Minería". ecometales.cl (in Spanish). Retrieved 2025-03-21. Hoy se extrae más arsénico que antes debido al agotamiento de los minerales de más alta ley de cobre y sin impurezas, lo que obliga a explotar yacimientos de mayor profundidad con más arsénico. [More arsenic is being mined today than before due to the depletion of higher-grade copper ores without impurities, which requires the exploitation of deeper deposits with more arsenic.]

emol.com (Global: 1,145^th place; English: 4,162^nd place)

Toro, Daniela; Munita, Ignacia (2022-06-25). "Cierre de fundición Ventanas: El intrincado debate por dónde instalar una nueva planta y los costos asociados". Emol (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-06-26.

glencoretechnology.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"ISASMELT Technology Brochure" (PDF). Retrieved 26 September 2021.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Pompeani, David P.; Steinman, Byron A.; Abbott, Mark B.; et al. (April 2021). "On the timing of the Old Copper complex in North America: A comparison of radiocarbon dates from different archaeological contexts". Radiocarbon. 63 (2): 513–531. Bibcode:2021Radcb..63..513P. doi:10.1017/RDC.2021.7. The ¹⁴
C ages presented herein and by Reardon (2014) push back the oldest known copper artifact age to at least 7690 ± 40 BP (ca. 8500 cal BP)
Braidwood, Robert J.; Çambel, Halet; Redman, Charles L.; Watson, Patty Jo (1971). "Beginnings of Village-Farming Communities in Southeastern Turkey". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 68 (6): 1236–1240. Bibcode:1971PNAS...68.1236B. doi:10.1073/pnas.68.6.1236. PMC 389161. PMID 16591930.
Eichler, A.; Gramlich, G.; Kellerhals, T.; Tobler, L.; Rehren, Th.; Schwikowski, M. (2017). "Ice-core evidence of earliest extensive copper metallurgy in the Andes 2700 years ago". Nature. 7 41855. Bibcode:2017NatSR...741855E. doi:10.1038/srep41855. PMC 5282569. PMID 28139760.
Petersen, Jochen (October 2016). "Heap leaching as a key technology for recovery of values from low-grade ores – A brief overview". Hydrometallurgy. 165: 206–212. Bibcode:2016HydMe.165..206P. doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2015.09.001.
Rahman, Reza M.; Ata, Seher; Jameson, Graeme J. (November 2013). "Froth recovery measurements in an industrial flotation cell". Minerals Engineering. 53: 193–202. Bibcode:2013MiEng..53..193R. doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2013.08.003. ISSN 0892-6875.
Watling, H. R. (October 2006). "The bioleaching of sulphide minerals with emphasis on copper sulphides — A review". Hydrometallurgy. 84 (1): 81–108. Bibcode:2006HydMe..84...81W. doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2006.05.001. ISSN 0304-386X.
Panda, Sandeep; Akcil, Ata; Pradhan, Nilotpala; Deveci, Haci (November 2015). "Current scenario of chalcopyrite bioleaching: A review on the recent advances to its heap-leach technology". Bioresource Technology. 196: 694–706. Bibcode:2015BiTec.196..694P. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.064. ISSN 0960-8524. PMID 26318845. S2CID 2254790.
Feng, Qicheng; Yang, Wenhang; Wen, Shuming; Wang, Han; Zhao, Wenjuan; Han, Guang (November 2022). "Flotation of copper oxide minerals: A review". International Journal of Mining Science and Technology. 32 (6): 1351–1364. Bibcode:2022IJMST..32.1351F. doi:10.1016/j.ijmst.2022.09.011. ISSN 2095-2686. S2CID 253788625.
Fuerstenau, D. W.; Herrera-Urbina, R.; McGlashan, D. W. (February 2000). "Studies on the applicability of chelating agents as universal collectors for copper minerals". International Journal of Mineral Processing. 58 (1): 15–33. Bibcode:2000IJMP...58...15F. doi:10.1016/S0301-7516(99)00058-7. ISSN 0301-7516.
Kariuki, Stephen; Moore, Cory; McDonald, Andrew M. (March 2009). "Chlorate-based oxidative hydrometallurgical extraction of copper and zinc from copper concentrate sulfide ores using mild acidic conditions". Hydrometallurgy. 96 (1): 72–76. Bibcode:2009HydMe..96...72K. doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2008.08.008. ISSN 0304-386X.
Han, Baisui; Altansukh, Batnasan; Haga, Kazutoshi; Stevanović, Zoran; Jonović, Radojka; Avramović, Ljiljana; Urosević, Daniela; Takasaki, Yasushi; Masuda, Nobuyuki; Ishiyama, Daizo; Shibayama, Atsushi (2018-06-15). "Development of copper recovery process from flotation tailings by a combined method of high‒pressure leaching‒solvent extraction". Journal of Hazardous Materials. 352: 192–203. Bibcode:2018JHzM..352..192H. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.03.014. ISSN 0304-3894. PMID 29609151. S2CID 4879400.
M. Nagamori (1974). "Metal loss to slag: Part I. Sulfidic and oxidic dissolution of copper in fayalite slag from low grade matte". Metallurgical Transactions. 5 (3): 531–538. Bibcode:1974MT......5..531N. doi:10.1007/BF02644646. S2CID 135507603.
Matousek, J (1993). "Oxygen potentials of copper smelting slags". Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly. 32 (2): 97–101. Bibcode:1993CaMQ...32...97M. doi:10.1179/cmq.1993.32.2.97.
P J Mackey (2011). "The Physical Chemistry of Copper Smelting Slags and Copper Losses at the Paipote SmelterPart 2 – Characterisation of industrial slags". Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly. 50 (4): 330–340. Bibcode:2011CaMQ...50..330C. doi:10.1179/000844311X13112418194806. S2CID 137350753.

mch.cl (Global: low place; English: low place)

Pedrals, Jorge (2023-06-17). "La compleja discusión sobre una nueva fundición en Chile". Minería Chilena (in Spanish). Retrieved 2025-04-22.

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Sutulov 1975, p. 5. Sutulov, Alexander (1975). "Antecedentes históricos de la producción de cobre en Chile". In Sutulov, Alexander (ed.). El Cobre Chileno (in Spanish). Corporación Nacional del Cobre de Chile. pp. 1–62.
Sutulov 1975, p. 3. Sutulov, Alexander (1975). "Antecedentes históricos de la producción de cobre en Chile". In Sutulov, Alexander (ed.). El Cobre Chileno (in Spanish). Corporación Nacional del Cobre de Chile. pp. 1–62.

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"China's copper smelters to discuss fees as crisis roils sector". mining.com. 20 April 2024. Retrieved 20 April 2025.

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pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Braidwood, Robert J.; Çambel, Halet; Redman, Charles L.; Watson, Patty Jo (1971). "Beginnings of Village-Farming Communities in Southeastern Turkey". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 68 (6): 1236–1240. Bibcode:1971PNAS...68.1236B. doi:10.1073/pnas.68.6.1236. PMC 389161. PMID 16591930.
Eichler, A.; Gramlich, G.; Kellerhals, T.; Tobler, L.; Rehren, Th.; Schwikowski, M. (2017). "Ice-core evidence of earliest extensive copper metallurgy in the Andes 2700 years ago". Nature. 7 41855. Bibcode:2017NatSR...741855E. doi:10.1038/srep41855. PMC 5282569. PMID 28139760.
Wu, Biao; Yang, Xinlong; Wen, Jiankang; Wang, Dianzuo (2019-11-05). "Semiconductor-Microbial Mechanism of Selective Dissolution of Chalcocite in Bioleaching". ACS Omega. 4 (19): 18279–18288. doi:10.1021/acsomega.9b02294. ISSN 2470-1343. PMC 6844112. PMID 31720528.
Panda, Sandeep; Akcil, Ata; Pradhan, Nilotpala; Deveci, Haci (November 2015). "Current scenario of chalcopyrite bioleaching: A review on the recent advances to its heap-leach technology". Bioresource Technology. 196: 694–706. Bibcode:2015BiTec.196..694P. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.064. ISSN 0960-8524. PMID 26318845. S2CID 2254790.
Han, Baisui; Altansukh, Batnasan; Haga, Kazutoshi; Stevanović, Zoran; Jonović, Radojka; Avramović, Ljiljana; Urosević, Daniela; Takasaki, Yasushi; Masuda, Nobuyuki; Ishiyama, Daizo; Shibayama, Atsushi (2018-06-15). "Development of copper recovery process from flotation tailings by a combined method of high‒pressure leaching‒solvent extraction". Journal of Hazardous Materials. 352: 192–203. Bibcode:2018JHzM..352..192H. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.03.014. ISSN 0304-3894. PMID 29609151. S2CID 4879400.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Braidwood, Robert J.; Çambel, Halet; Redman, Charles L.; Watson, Patty Jo (1971). "Beginnings of Village-Farming Communities in Southeastern Turkey". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 68 (6): 1236–1240. Bibcode:1971PNAS...68.1236B. doi:10.1073/pnas.68.6.1236. PMC 389161. PMID 16591930.
Eichler, A.; Gramlich, G.; Kellerhals, T.; Tobler, L.; Rehren, Th.; Schwikowski, M. (2017). "Ice-core evidence of earliest extensive copper metallurgy in the Andes 2700 years ago". Nature. 7 41855. Bibcode:2017NatSR...741855E. doi:10.1038/srep41855. PMC 5282569. PMID 28139760.
Wu, Biao; Yang, Xinlong; Wen, Jiankang; Wang, Dianzuo (2019-11-05). "Semiconductor-Microbial Mechanism of Selective Dissolution of Chalcocite in Bioleaching". ACS Omega. 4 (19): 18279–18288. doi:10.1021/acsomega.9b02294. ISSN 2470-1343. PMC 6844112. PMID 31720528.

researchgate.net (Global: 120^th place; English: 125^th place)

Ochromowicz, Katarzyna; Chmielewski, Tomasz (January 2008). "Growing Role of Solvent Extraction in Copper Ores Processing". Fizykochemiczne Problemy Mineralurgii. 42: 29–36.

saimm.co.za (Global: low place; English: low place)

Robertson, S.W.; Van Staden, P.J.; Seyedbagheri, A. (December 2012). "Advances in high-temperature heap leaching of refractory copper sulphide ores" (PDF). Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. 112 (12): 1045–1050 – via ResearchGate.

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Malakof, David (19 March 2021). "Ancient Native Americans were among the world's first coppersmiths". Science. Retrieved 6 June 2022.

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"Serbian site may have hosted first copper makers". ScienceNews. July 17, 2010. Archived from the original on May 8, 2013. Retrieved January 3, 2013.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Yu, Shichao; Liao, Rui; Yang, Baojun; Fang, Chaojun; Wang, Zhentang; Liu, Yuling; Wu, Baiqiang; Wang, Jun; Qiu, Guanzhou (January 2022). "Chalcocite (bio)hydrometallurgy—current state, mechanism, and future directions: A review". Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering. 41: 109–120. doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2021.12.014. ISSN 1004-9541. S2CID 245562646.
Panda, Sandeep; Akcil, Ata; Pradhan, Nilotpala; Deveci, Haci (November 2015). "Current scenario of chalcopyrite bioleaching: A review on the recent advances to its heap-leach technology". Bioresource Technology. 196: 694–706. Bibcode:2015BiTec.196..694P. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.064. ISSN 0960-8524. PMID 26318845. S2CID 2254790.
Feng, Qicheng; Yang, Wenhang; Wen, Shuming; Wang, Han; Zhao, Wenjuan; Han, Guang (November 2022). "Flotation of copper oxide minerals: A review". International Journal of Mining Science and Technology. 32 (6): 1351–1364. Bibcode:2022IJMST..32.1351F. doi:10.1016/j.ijmst.2022.09.011. ISSN 2095-2686. S2CID 253788625.
Han, Baisui; Altansukh, Batnasan; Haga, Kazutoshi; Stevanović, Zoran; Jonović, Radojka; Avramović, Ljiljana; Urosević, Daniela; Takasaki, Yasushi; Masuda, Nobuyuki; Ishiyama, Daizo; Shibayama, Atsushi (2018-06-15). "Development of copper recovery process from flotation tailings by a combined method of high‒pressure leaching‒solvent extraction". Journal of Hazardous Materials. 352: 192–203. Bibcode:2018JHzM..352..192H. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.03.014. ISSN 0304-3894. PMID 29609151. S2CID 4879400.
M. Nagamori (1974). "Metal loss to slag: Part I. Sulfidic and oxidic dissolution of copper in fayalite slag from low grade matte". Metallurgical Transactions. 5 (3): 531–538. Bibcode:1974MT......5..531N. doi:10.1007/BF02644646. S2CID 135507603.
P J Mackey (2011). "The Physical Chemistry of Copper Smelting Slags and Copper Losses at the Paipote SmelterPart 2 – Characterisation of industrial slags". Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly. 50 (4): 330–340. Bibcode:2011CaMQ...50..330C. doi:10.1179/000844311X13112418194806. S2CID 137350753.

sonami.cl (Global: low place; English: low place)

Costabal M., Francisco (2015-06-10). Fundiciones de Cobre en Chile (PDF) (Report) (in Spanish). SONAMI. Retrieved 2025-03-23.

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Salazar, Diego; Figueroa, Valentina; Mille, Benoit; Morata, Diego; Salinas, Hernán (2010). "Metalurgia prehispánica en las sociedades coster as del norte de Chile (quebrada Mamilla, Tocopilla)". Estudios Atacameños (in Spanish). 40: 23–42.

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"Serbian site may have hosted first copper makers". ScienceNews. July 17, 2010. Archived from the original on May 8, 2013. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
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worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Radivojević, Miljana; Roberts, Benjamin W. (2021). "Early Balkan Metallurgy: Origins, Evolution and Society, 6200–3700 BC". Journal of World Prehistory. 34 (2): 195–278. doi:10.1007/s10963-021-09155-7. ISSN 0892-7537.
Scattolin, M. Cristina; Bugliani, M. Fabiana; Cortés, Leticia; Pereyra Domingorena y C. Marilin Calo, Lucas (2010). "Una máscara de cobre de 3000 años. Estudios arqueometalúrgicos y comparaciones regionales" [A 3000 year-old copper mask. Archeometalurgical analysis and regional comparisons]. Boletín del Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino (in Spanish). 15 (online ed.). Santiago de Chile: 25–46. doi:10.4067/s0718-68942010000100003. ISSN 0718-6894.
Powell, Eric A. (September–October 2017). "Andean Copper Age". Archaeology. 70 (5): 20. ISSN 0003-8113.
Wu, Biao; Yang, Xinlong; Wen, Jiankang; Wang, Dianzuo (2019-11-05). "Semiconductor-Microbial Mechanism of Selective Dissolution of Chalcocite in Bioleaching". ACS Omega. 4 (19): 18279–18288. doi:10.1021/acsomega.9b02294. ISSN 2470-1343. PMC 6844112. PMID 31720528.
Rahman, Reza M.; Ata, Seher; Jameson, Graeme J. (November 2013). "Froth recovery measurements in an industrial flotation cell". Minerals Engineering. 53: 193–202. Bibcode:2013MiEng..53..193R. doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2013.08.003. ISSN 0892-6875.
Yu, Shichao; Liao, Rui; Yang, Baojun; Fang, Chaojun; Wang, Zhentang; Liu, Yuling; Wu, Baiqiang; Wang, Jun; Qiu, Guanzhou (January 2022). "Chalcocite (bio)hydrometallurgy—current state, mechanism, and future directions: A review". Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering. 41: 109–120. doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2021.12.014. ISSN 1004-9541. S2CID 245562646.
Watling, H. R. (October 2006). "The bioleaching of sulphide minerals with emphasis on copper sulphides — A review". Hydrometallurgy. 84 (1): 81–108. Bibcode:2006HydMe..84...81W. doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2006.05.001. ISSN 0304-386X.
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