Corned beef (English Wikipedia)

Norris, James F. (1921). A Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry for Colleges. New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 528. OCLC 2743191. Potassium nitrate is used in the manufacture of gunpowder ... It is also used in curing meats; it prevents putrefaction and produces the deep red color familiar in the case of salted hams and corned beef.
Hessler, John C.; Smith, Albert L. (1902). Essentials of Chemistry. Boston: Benj. H. Sanborn & Co. p. 158. The chief use of potassium nitrate as a preservative is in the preparation of 'corned' beef.
Kurlansky, Mark (2002). Salt: A World History. New York: Penguin. pp. 124–127. ISBN 978-0-14-200161-5.

atlasobscura.com (Global: 2,066^th place; English: 1,258^th place)

Ewbank, Mary (March 14, 2018). "The Mystery of New England's Gray Corned Beef". Atlas Obscura. Retrieved July 22, 2019.

bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; English: 23^rd place)

Meghji, Shafik. "How a Uruguayan town revolutionised the way we eat". www.bbc.com. Retrieved May 24, 2026.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Theiss, Lewis Edwin (January 1911). "Every Day Foods That Injure Health". Pearson's Magazine. 25. New York: Pearson Pub. Co.: 249. you have probably noticed how nice and red corned beef is. That's because it has in it saltpeter, the same stuff that is used in making gunpowder.
Decisions of the Commissioner of Patents for the Year 1882, pages 578 and 579

casabaluartefilipinorecipes.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Corned Beef with Potato". Casa Baluarte Filipino Recipes. Retrieved January 4, 2022.

cnnphilippines.com (Global: 3,657^th place; English: 1,892^nd place)

"Why corned beef isn't just for breakfast". cnnphilippines.com. January 26, 2018. Archived from the original on March 24, 2020. Retrieved March 24, 2020.

delish.com (Global: low place; English: 8,650^th place)

"The History Behind All Your Favorite St. Patrick's Day Foods". February 27, 2019.

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Mac Con Iomaire, Máirtín; Óg Gallagher, Pádraic (2011). "Irish Corned Beef: A Culinary History". Journal of Culinary Science and Technology. 9 (1): 27–43. doi:10.1080/15428052.2011.558464. S2CID 216138899.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Xie, Yingfeng; Geng, Yaqian; Yao, Jinbo; Ji, Junfu; Chen, Fang; Xiao, Jianbo; Hu, Xiaosong; Ma, Lingjun (September 2023). "N-nitrosamines in processed meats: Exposure, formation and mitigation strategies". Journal of Agriculture and Food Research. 13 100645. doi:10.1016/j.jafr.2023.100645.
Cook, Alexander (2004). "Sailing on The Ship: Re-enactment and the Quest for Popular History". History Workshop Journal. 57 (57): 247–255. doi:10.1093/hwj/57.1.247. hdl:1885/54218. JSTOR 25472737. S2CID 194110027.
Mandelblatt, Bertie (2007). "A Transatlantic Commodity: Irish Salt Beef in the French Atlantic World". History Workshop Journal. 63 (1): 18–47. doi:10.1093/hwj/dbm028. JSTOR 25472901. S2CID 140660191.
Mac Con Iomaire, Máirtín; Óg Gallagher, Pádraic (2011). "Irish Corned Beef: A Culinary History". Journal of Culinary Science and Technology. 9 (1): 27–43. doi:10.1080/15428052.2011.558464. S2CID 216138899.
Meinilä, Jelena; Virtanen, Jyrki K. (February 21, 2024). "Meat and meat products – a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023". Food & Nutrition Research. doi:10.29219/fnr.v68.10538. ISSN 1654-661X. PMC 10916397. PMID 38449706.
Libera, Justyna; Iłowiecka, Katarzyna; Stasiak, Dariusz (December 2021). "Consumption of processed red meat and its impact on human health: A review". International Journal of Food Science & Technology. 56 (12): 6115–6123. doi:10.1111/ijfs.15270. ISSN 0950-5423.
Hillyer, Garrett (2022). "'Back to the Future' for Samoan Food". Back to the Future' for Samoan Food. doi:10.22215/fsmmm/hg21. ISBN 978-1-7780603-1-1 – via eCampusOntario PressBooks.

elsevier.com (Global: 365^th place; English: 372^nd place)

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Xie, Yingfeng; Geng, Yaqian; Yao, Jinbo; Ji, Junfu; Chen, Fang; Xiao, Jianbo; Hu, Xiaosong; Ma, Lingjun (September 2023). "N-nitrosamines in processed meats: Exposure, formation and mitigation strategies". Journal of Agriculture and Food Research. 13 100645. doi:10.1016/j.jafr.2023.100645.

europeancuisines.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Ireland: Why We Have No Corned Beef & Cabbage Recipes". European Cuisines.
"Is corned beef and cabbage an Irish dish? No! Find out why..." European Cuisines. Retrieved August 29, 2010.

foodandnutritionresearch.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

Meinilä, Jelena; Virtanen, Jyrki K. (February 21, 2024). "Meat and meat products – a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023". Food & Nutrition Research. doi:10.29219/fnr.v68.10538. ISSN 1654-661X. PMC 10916397. PMID 38449706.

hathitrust.org (Global: 296^th place; English: 153^rd place)

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"A Narrow Escape", Routledge's Every Boy's Annual, 1866, page 543
The Sailor's Word-book, Admiral W. H. Smyth, 1867

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Cook, Alexander (2004). "Sailing on The Ship: Re-enactment and the Quest for Popular History". History Workshop Journal. 57 (57): 247–255. doi:10.1093/hwj/57.1.247. hdl:1885/54218. JSTOR 25472737. S2CID 194110027.

history.com (Global: 852^nd place; English: 715^th place)

"St. Patrick's Day Traditions". history.com. October 27, 2009.

ig.com.br (Global: 1,479^th place; English: 4,188^th place)

brasileconomico.ig.com.br

Palmeiras, Rafael (September 9, 2011). "Carne enlatada brasileira representa 80% do consumo mundial". Brasil Econômico. Archived from the original on May 18, 2015. Retrieved May 11, 2015.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Cook, Alexander (2004). "Sailing on The Ship: Re-enactment and the Quest for Popular History". History Workshop Journal. 57 (57): 247–255. doi:10.1093/hwj/57.1.247. hdl:1885/54218. JSTOR 25472737. S2CID 194110027.
Mandelblatt, Bertie (2007). "A Transatlantic Commodity: Irish Salt Beef in the French Atlantic World". History Workshop Journal. 63 (1): 18–47. doi:10.1093/hwj/dbm028. JSTOR 25472901. S2CID 140660191.

jweekly.com (Global: 4,633^rd place; English: 2,677^th place)

Soclof, Adam (November 23, 2011). "As IDF bids adieu to Loof, a history of 'kosher Spam'". J.

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Manalo, Lalaine (August 14, 2021). "Ginisang Corned Beef". Kawaling Pinoy. Retrieved January 4, 2022.

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"Exhibitions : Changing the World : Fascinating Facts – Page 2". National Army Museum. Archived from the original on October 1, 2006. Retrieved October 10, 2018.

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"Jiggs' Dinner for Beginners - Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada". www.newfoundlandlabrador.com. Retrieved May 24, 2026.

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Meinilä, Jelena; Virtanen, Jyrki K. (February 21, 2024). "Meat and meat products – a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023". Food & Nutrition Research. doi:10.29219/fnr.v68.10538. ISSN 1654-661X. PMC 10916397. PMID 38449706.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Meinilä, Jelena; Virtanen, Jyrki K. (February 21, 2024). "Meat and meat products – a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023". Food & Nutrition Research. doi:10.29219/fnr.v68.10538. ISSN 1654-661X. PMC 10916397. PMID 38449706.

oup.com (Global: 292^nd place; English: 233^rd place)

academic.oup.com

Libera, Justyna; Iłowiecka, Katarzyna; Stasiak, Dariusz (December 2021). "Consumption of processed red meat and its impact on human health: A review". International Journal of Food Science & Technology. 56 (12): 6115–6123. doi:10.1111/ijfs.15270. ISSN 0950-5423.

overseaspinoycooking.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Tortang Carne Norte Tortang Carne Norte". Overseas Pinoy Cooking. Retrieved January 4, 2022.

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"Corned Beef Omelet". Panlasang Pinoy. February 9, 2020. Retrieved January 4, 2022.

pressbooks.pub (Global: low place; English: 7,547^th place)

ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub

Hillyer, Garrett (2022). "'Back to the Future' for Samoan Food". Back to the Future' for Samoan Food. doi:10.22215/fsmmm/hg21. ISBN 978-1-7780603-1-1 – via eCampusOntario PressBooks.

salon.com (Global: 683^rd place; English: 407^th place)

Lam, Francis (March 17, 2010). "St. Patrick's Day controversy: Is corned beef and cabbage Irish?". Salon.com. Retrieved August 29, 2010.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Cook, Alexander (2004). "Sailing on The Ship: Re-enactment and the Quest for Popular History". History Workshop Journal. 57 (57): 247–255. doi:10.1093/hwj/57.1.247. hdl:1885/54218. JSTOR 25472737. S2CID 194110027.
Mandelblatt, Bertie (2007). "A Transatlantic Commodity: Irish Salt Beef in the French Atlantic World". History Workshop Journal. 63 (1): 18–47. doi:10.1093/hwj/dbm028. JSTOR 25472901. S2CID 140660191.
Mac Con Iomaire, Máirtín; Óg Gallagher, Pádraic (2011). "Irish Corned Beef: A Culinary History". Journal of Culinary Science and Technology. 9 (1): 27–43. doi:10.1080/15428052.2011.558464. S2CID 216138899.

smithsonianmag.com (Global: 663^rd place; English: 431^st place)

Fessenden, Marissa (March 25, 2015). "That Time an Astronaut Smuggled a Corned Beef Sandwich To Space". Smithsonian.com.

taste.com.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Bully beef: Part of Australian history". Taste Magazine. April 20, 2015. Retrieved July 24, 2017. A hundred years ago our soldiers at Gallipoli knew it as bully beef. It came in cans.

telegraph.co.uk (Global: 40^th place; English: 27^th place)

Harding, Thomas (February 5, 2009). "Army says goodbye to bully beef". The Telegraph. U.K. Retrieved December 16, 2020.

ucc.ie (Global: 2,972^nd place; English: 1,723^rd place)

"Aislinge Meic Con Glinne". The University College Cork Ireland.

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US Dept of Agriculture. "Clostridium botulinum" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on December 17, 2014. Retrieved December 13, 2016.

vice.com (Global: 247^th place; English: 175^th place)

Makalintal, Bettina (January 4, 2019). "Palm Corned Beef is My Favorite Part of Filipino Breakfast". vice.com.

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"Limit consumption of red and processed meat: Recommendation evidence". World Cancer Research Fund. Retrieved September 24, 2025.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

US Dept of Agriculture. "Clostridium botulinum" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on December 17, 2014. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
Palmeiras, Rafael (September 9, 2011). "Carne enlatada brasileira representa 80% do consumo mundial". Brasil Econômico. Archived from the original on May 18, 2015. Retrieved May 11, 2015.
"Exhibitions : Changing the World : Fascinating Facts – Page 2". National Army Museum. Archived from the original on October 1, 2006. Retrieved October 10, 2018.
"Why corned beef isn't just for breakfast". cnnphilippines.com. January 26, 2018. Archived from the original on March 24, 2020. Retrieved March 24, 2020.

whattoeatph.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Sinigang na Corned Beef Recipe". What To Eat Philippines. September 12, 2021. Retrieved January 4, 2022.

who.int (Global: 213^th place; English: 314^th place)

"Cancer: Carcinogenicity of the consumption of red meat and processed meat". World Health Organization. October 26, 2015. Retrieved September 23, 2025.

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Norris, James F. (1921). A Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry for Colleges. New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 528. OCLC 2743191. Potassium nitrate is used in the manufacture of gunpowder ... It is also used in curing meats; it prevents putrefaction and produces the deep red color familiar in the case of salted hams and corned beef.
Meinilä, Jelena; Virtanen, Jyrki K. (February 21, 2024). "Meat and meat products – a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023". Food & Nutrition Research. doi:10.29219/fnr.v68.10538. ISSN 1654-661X. PMC 10916397. PMID 38449706.
Libera, Justyna; Iłowiecka, Katarzyna; Stasiak, Dariusz (December 2021). "Consumption of processed red meat and its impact on human health: A review". International Journal of Food Science & Technology. 56 (12): 6115–6123. doi:10.1111/ijfs.15270. ISSN 0950-5423.

yummy.ph (Global: low place; English: low place)

Angeles, Mira. "Sopas with Corned Beef Recipe". Yummy.ph. Retrieved January 4, 2022.

Corned beef (English Wikipedia)

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