Corruption (English Wikipedia)

Hamilton, A.; Hudson, J. (2014). "Bribery and Identity: Evidence from Sudan" (PDF). Bath Economic Research Papers, No 21/14. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 May 2014. Retrieved 30 April 2014.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

"EU corruption scandal puts democracy under attack - European Parliament head". BBC News. 12 December 2022.

bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; English: 23^rd place)

Cameron, Rob (2 June 2014). "Corruption redefined as tourism in Czech Republic – BBC News". Archived from the original on 31 December 2015. Retrieved 4 March 2016.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Whyte, David (2015). How Corrupt is Britain?. Pluto Press. ISBN 978-0-7453-3529-2.
Znoj, Heinzpeter (2009). "Deep Corruption in Indonesia: Discourses, Practices, Histories". In Monique Nuijten, Gerhard Anders (ed.). Corruption and the secret of law: a legal anthropological perspective. Ashgate. pp. 53–54. ISBN 978-0-7546-7682-9.
Legvold, Robert (2009). "Corruption, the Criminalized State, and Post-Soviet Transitions". In Robert I. Rotberg (ed.). Corruption, global security, and world orde. Brookings Institution. p. 197. ISBN 978-0-8157-0329-7.
Weschle, Simon (9 June 2022). Money in Politics. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-009-06273-2.
Crabtree, John; Durand, Francisco (2017). Peru: Elite Power and Political Capture. London, United Kingdom: Zed Books Ltd. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-78360-904-8.
World Bank (2000). Anticorruption in Transition: Contribution to the Policy Debate. World Bank Publications. ISBN 9780821348024.
the term "official" had been limited to German jurisdiction. Officials of other states legally were no "officials". See für Rolf Keller" Archived 12 November 2022 at the Wayback Machine Essay in Memory for Rolf Keller, 2003, Edited by Criminal Law professors from the Law Faculty of Tübingen and the Ministry of Justice of Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany, page 104: "Nach der Legaldefinition des §11 I Nr.2a StGB versteht man unter einem Amtsträger u. a. eine Person, die >>nach deutschem Recht Beamter oder Richter ist. Die Vorschrift enthält also eine vom Wortlaut her eindeutige Einschränkung auf das deutsche Recht. Ausländische Amtsträger werden somit nicht erfasst."

brennancenter.org (Global: low place; English: 8,486^th place)

"What is Political Corruption and What Can We do About It? | Brennan Center for Justice". 6 November 2025.
Weiner, Daniel I.; Zdanys, Joanna; Waldman, Michael; Waldman, Michael (2026). "Poll: Voters Want Solutions for Government Corruption". Brennan Center for Justice. Retrieved 5 July 2026.

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

Richard Kraut, Socrates at the Encyclopædia Britannica

bundestag.de (Global: 830^th place; English: 2,055^th place)

dipbt.bundestag.de

"Drucksache 12/8468" (PDF). Bonn Parliament records. 8 September 1994. pp. 4–6. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
Drucksache 12/8468: Archived 8 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine "Die Ablehnung erfolgte mit den Stimmen der Koalitionsfraktionen gegen die Stimmen der Fraktion der SPD bei Abwesenheit der Gruppen BÜNDNIS 90/DIE GRÜNEN und der PDS/Linke Liste."
Parliamentary Financial Commission's study 1994, pp. 6–7: "Nach Auffassung der Fraktion der SPD belegt auch der Bericht der Bundesregierung eindeutig, daß in den meisten ausländischen Industriestaaten Schmier- und Bestechungsgelder in wesentlich geringerem Umfang als in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland steuerlich abgesetzt werden könnten. So müsse in fast allen Staaten bei Zahlungen in das Ausland der Empfänger angegeben werden... Die Abzugsfähigkeit der genannten Ausgaben (Schmier- und Bestechungsgelder) stelle eine steuerliche Subvention dar..." Archived 8 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine

business-standard.com (Global: 589^th place; English: 300^th place)

"Trading 'queen' and mystery guru: Strange tale engulfs NSE in scandal". Business Standard India. 21 March 2022.
"Trading 'queen' and mystery guru: Strange tale engulfs NSE in scandal". Business Standard India. 21 March 2022. Archived from the original on 21 September 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
"Sebi ban pinches penny stocks". Business Standard. Retrieved 24 August 2023.

businesstoday.in (Global: 2,918^th place; English: 1,469^th place)

"SEBI penalises BSE, NSE for 'laxity' in Karvy fraud case". 13 April 2022.
"SEBI penalises BSE, NSE for 'laxity' in Karvy fraud case". 13 April 2022. Archived from the original on 21 September 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
"Sebi goes after companies rigging share prices". Business Today. 12 August 2015. Retrieved 24 August 2023.

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

Minto, Andrea; Trincanato, Edoardo (2022). "The Policy and Regulatory Engagement with Corruption: Insights from Complexity Theory". European Journal of Risk Regulation. 13 (1): 21–44. doi:10.1017/err.2021.18. S2CID 236359959. Archived from the original on 27 May 2022. Retrieved 27 May 2022.
Ang, Yuen Yuen, ed. (2020), "China's Gilded Age", China's Gilded Age: The Paradox of Economic Boom and Vast Corruption, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. Chapter 1, ISBN 978-1-108-47860-1, retrieved 25 May 2024
Ang, Yuen Yuen, ed. (2020), "China's Gilded Age", China's Gilded Age: The Paradox of Economic Boom and Vast Corruption, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 10, ISBN 978-1-108-47860-1, retrieved 25 May 2024
Ang, Yuen Yuen, ed. (2020), "Introduction: China's Gilded Age", China's Gilded Age: The Paradox of Economic Boom and Vast Corruption, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 11–12, doi:10.1017/9781108778350.001, ISBN 978-1-108-47860-1, retrieved 26 May 2024
Rithmire, Meg; Chen, Hao (December 2021). "The Emergence of Mafia-like Business Systems in China". The China Quarterly. 248 (1): 1037–1058. doi:10.1017/S0305741021000576. ISSN 0305-7410.
Ang, Yuen Yuen, ed. (2020), "Introduction: China's Gilded Age", China's Gilded Age: The Paradox of Economic Boom and Vast Corruption, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 10, doi:10.1017/9781108778350.001, ISBN 978-1-108-47860-1, retrieved 26 May 2024

canberratimes.com.au (Global: 3,502^nd place; English: 1,773^rd place)

"Just what are you trying to pull?". 30 September 2013. Archived from the original on 9 October 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2016.

carnegieendowment.org (Global: 3,542^nd place; English: 2,637^th place)

Hunter, Marcena; Vittori, Jodi; Page, Matthew T. (7 July 2020). "Dubai's Role in Facilitating Corruption and Global Illicit Financial Flows". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Archived from the original on 9 September 2020. Retrieved 7 July 2020.

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; English: 26^th place)

travel.cnn.com

"Meet the strangest startup in travel: CorruptTour | CNN Travel". travel.cnn.com. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 4 March 2016.

csis.org (Global: 2,377^th place; English: 1,686^th place)

chinapower.csis.org

"How Does Corruption Hinder China's Development?". ChinaPower Project. 13 December 2018. Archived from the original on 3 July 2022. Retrieved 3 July 2022.

dea.gov (Global: low place; English: 7,442^nd place)

"Former corrections officer sentenced for smuggling contraband into prison". Archived from the original on 23 May 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2021.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Lehtinen, Jere; Locatelli, Giorgio; Sainati, Tristano; Artto, Karlos; Evans, Barbara (1 May 2022). "The grand challenge: Effective anti-corruption measures in projects". International Journal of Project Management. 40 (4): 347–361. doi:10.1016/j.ijproman.2022.04.003. hdl:11311/1227559. ISSN 0263-7863. S2CID 248470690.
Locatelli, Giorgio; Mariani, Giacomo; Sainati, Tristano; Greco, Marco (1 April 2017). "Corruption in public projects and megaprojects: There is an elephant in the room!". International Journal of Project Management. 35 (3): 252–268. doi:10.1016/j.ijproman.2016.09.010.
Minto, Andrea; Trincanato, Edoardo (2022). "The Policy and Regulatory Engagement with Corruption: Insights from Complexity Theory". European Journal of Risk Regulation. 13 (1): 21–44. doi:10.1017/err.2021.18. S2CID 236359959. Archived from the original on 27 May 2022. Retrieved 27 May 2022.
Blavatskyy, Pavlo (18 July 2020). "Obesity of politicians and corruption in post-Soviet countries". Economics of Transition and Institutional Change. 29 (2): 343–356. doi:10.1111/ecot.12259. S2CID 225574749.
Kaufmann, Daniel; Wei, Shang-Jin (April 1999), Does "Grease Money" Speed Up the Wheels of Commerce? (Working Paper), Working Paper Series, doi:10.3386/w7093, retrieved 25 May 2024
Ang, Yuen Yuen, ed. (2020), "Introduction: China's Gilded Age", China's Gilded Age: The Paradox of Economic Boom and Vast Corruption, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 11–12, doi:10.1017/9781108778350.001, ISBN 978-1-108-47860-1, retrieved 26 May 2024
A D Romero-Barrutieta (2026). "Chapter 6 Fiscal Control and Corruption in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Reflexive Look at Institutional Gaps, Unintended Consequences, and the Elusive Quest for Accountability": 19–36. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.12566.31048. ISBN 978-1-138-58371-9. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link)
Rithmire, Meg; Chen, Hao (December 2021). "The Emergence of Mafia-like Business Systems in China". The China Quarterly. 248 (1): 1037–1058. doi:10.1017/S0305741021000576. ISSN 0305-7410.
Dimant, Eugen; Tosato, Guglielmo (1 January 2017). "Causes and Effects of Corruption: What Has Past Decade's Empirical Research Taught Us? a Survey". Journal of Economic Surveys. 32 (2): 335–356. doi:10.1111/joes.12198. ISSN 1467-6419. S2CID 3531803.
Kubbe, Ina; Baez-Camargo, Claudia; Scharbatke-Church, Cheyanne (2024). "Corruption and Social Norms: A New Arrow in the Quiver". Annual Review of Political Science. 27: 423–444. doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-051120-095535. ISSN 1094-2939.
Tacconi, Luca; Williams, David Aled (2020). "Corruption and Anti-Corruption in Environmental and Resource Management". Annual Review of Environment and Resources. 45: 305–329. doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-012320-083949. hdl:1885/264140.
McMann, Kelly M.; Seim, Brigitte; Teorell, Jan (2017). "Democracy and Corruption: A Global Time-Series Analysis with V-Dem Data" (PDF). SSRN Electronic Journal. Elsevier BV. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2941979. ISSN 1556-5068. Retrieved 24 July 2025.
García, Patricia J. (7 December 2019). "Corruption in global health: the open secret". The Lancet. 394 (10214): 2119–2124. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32527-9. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 31785827.
Lin, Tom C. W. (14 April 2016). "Financial Weapons of War". Minnesota Law Review. 100 (4): 1377. doi:10.24926/265535.1105. SSRN 2765010.
Wang, Peng (2013). "The rise of the Red Mafia in China: a case study of organised crime and corruption in Chongqing". Trends in Organized Crime. 16 (1): 49–73. doi:10.1007/s12117-012-9179-8. S2CID 143858155.
Ang, Yuen Yuen, ed. (2020), "Introduction: China's Gilded Age", China's Gilded Age: The Paradox of Economic Boom and Vast Corruption, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 10, doi:10.1017/9781108778350.001, ISBN 978-1-108-47860-1, retrieved 26 May 2024
Dobos, Ned (14 September 2015). "Networking, Corruption, and Subversion". J Bus Ethics. 144 (3): 467–478. doi:10.1007/s10551-015-2853-4. S2CID 142568212.
Ang, Yuen Yuen (9 April 2020). "Unbundling Corruption: Revisiting Six Questions on Corruption". Global Perspectives. 1 (1) 12036. doi:10.1525/gp.2020.12036. ISSN 2575-7350.
Olken, Benjamin A; Pande, Rohini (2012). "Corruption in Developing Countries" (PDF). Annual Review of Economics. 4: 479–509. doi:10.1146/annurev-economics-080511-110917. hdl:1721.1/73081. S2CID 16399354.^{[dead link]}
Jensen, Nathan M.; Malesky, Edmund J. (2017). "Nonstate Actors and Compliance with International Agreements: An Empirical Analysis of the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention". International Organization. 72 (1): 33–69. doi:10.1017/S0020818317000443. ISSN 0020-8183. S2CID 158446483.
Kuipers, S. (2021), "Rethinking anti-corruption efforts in international development", Journal of Financial Crime, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. doi:10.1108/JFC-08-2021-0176.

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economist.com (Global: 331^st place; English: 272^nd place)

"Are overweight politicians less trustworthy?". The Economist. 30 July 2020. Archived from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
"Using tourism to teach Mexicans about corruption". The Economist. Archived from the original on 11 May 2017. Retrieved 11 May 2017.

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financialexpress.com (Global: 1,342^nd place; English: 667^th place)

"Chitra Ramkrishna arrested; CBI grills former NSE CEO in co-location scam after SEBI's mysterious yogi report". 7 March 2022.
"Chitra Ramkrishna arrested; CBI grills former NSE CEO in co-location scam after SEBI's mysterious yogi report". 7 March 2022. Archived from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2023.

foreignaffairs.com (Global: 3,112^th place; English: 2,133^rd place)

Ang, Yuen Yuen (22 June 2021). "The Robber Barons of Beijing". Foreign Affairs. Vol. 100, no. 4. ISSN 0015-7120. Retrieved 25 May 2024.

gov.am (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 May 2011. Retrieved 12 May 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

gu.se (Global: 3,404^th place; English: 3,937^th place)

gupea.ub.gu.se

McMann, Kelly M.; Seim, Brigitte; Teorell, Jan (2017). "Democracy and Corruption: A Global Time-Series Analysis with V-Dem Data" (PDF). SSRN Electronic Journal. Elsevier BV. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2941979. ISSN 1556-5068. Retrieved 24 July 2025.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Lehtinen, Jere; Locatelli, Giorgio; Sainati, Tristano; Artto, Karlos; Evans, Barbara (1 May 2022). "The grand challenge: Effective anti-corruption measures in projects". International Journal of Project Management. 40 (4): 347–361. doi:10.1016/j.ijproman.2022.04.003. hdl:11311/1227559. ISSN 0263-7863. S2CID 248470690.
Tacconi, Luca; Williams, David Aled (2020). "Corruption and Anti-Corruption in Environmental and Resource Management". Annual Review of Environment and Resources. 45: 305–329. doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-012320-083949. hdl:1885/264140.
Olken, Benjamin A; Pande, Rohini (2012). "Corruption in Developing Countries" (PDF). Annual Review of Economics. 4: 479–509. doi:10.1146/annurev-economics-080511-110917. hdl:1721.1/73081. S2CID 16399354.^{[dead link]}

hindustantimes.com (Global: 128^th place; English: 76^th place)

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hrr-strafrecht.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

"HRRS Februar 2008: Saliger/Gaede – Rückwirkende Ächtung der Auslandskorruption und Untreue als Korruptionsdelikt – Der Fall Siemens als Start-schuss in ein entgrenztes internationalisiertes Wirtschaftsstrafrecht? · hrr-strafrecht.de". hrr-strafrecht.de. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
"HRRS Februar 2008: Saliger/Gaede – Rückwirkende Ächtung der Auslandskorruption und Untreue als Korruptionsdelikt – Der Fall Siemens als Start-schuss in ein entgrenztes internationalisiertes Wirtschaftsstrafrecht? – hrr-strafrecht.de". hrr-strafrecht.de. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
"HRRS Februar 2008: Saliger/Gaede – Rückwirkende Ächtung der Auslandskorruption und Untreue als Korruptionsdelikt – Der Fall Siemens als Start-schuss in ein entgrenztes internationalisiertes Wirtschaftsstrafrecht? · hrr-strafrecht.de". hrr-strafrecht.de. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 21 August 2015.

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iias.asia (Global: low place; English: low place)

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indiatimes.com (Global: 31^st place; English: 19^th place)

economictimes.indiatimes.com

"How India's trading queen and mystery guru engulfed NSE in scandal". The Economic Times.
Rangan, MC Govardhana. "The fall of NSE: Corruption or hubris?". The Economic Times.
"How India's trading queen and mystery guru engulfed NSE in scandal". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 11 January 2023. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
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timesofindia.indiatimes.com

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insightcrime.org (Global: 4,032^nd place; English: 3,071^st place)

Político*, Animal (27 March 2017). "Tour Bus Offers Sightseeing of Emblematic Corruption Spots in Mexico City". www.insightcrime.org. Archived from the original on 27 May 2017. Retrieved 11 May 2017.

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jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

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mit.edu (Global: 476^th place; English: 340^th place)

dspace.mit.edu

Olken, Benjamin A; Pande, Rohini (2012). "Corruption in Developing Countries" (PDF). Annual Review of Economics. 4: 479–509. doi:10.1146/annurev-economics-080511-110917. hdl:1721.1/73081. S2CID 16399354.^{[dead link]}

mo.gov (Global: 2,582^nd place; English: 1,191^st place)

sos.mo.gov

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moneycontrol.com (Global: 2,189^th place; English: 1,075^th place)

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nber.org (Global: 3,811^th place; English: 2,424^th place)

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nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

García, Patricia J. (7 December 2019). "Corruption in global health: the open secret". The Lancet. 394 (10214): 2119–2124. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32527-9. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 31785827.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

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oecd.org (Global: 1,345^th place; English: 1,190^th place)

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academic.oup.com

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partnerplatform.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

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pedrovicente.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

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piie.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

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project-syndicate.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

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promarket.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

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publicintegrity.org (Global: low place; English: 9,745^th place)

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researchgate.net (Global: 96^th place; English: 89^th place)

A D Romero-Barrutieta (2026). "Chapter 6 Fiscal Control and Corruption in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Reflexive Look at Institutional Gaps, Unintended Consequences, and the Elusive Quest for Accountability": 19–36. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.12566.31048. ISBN 978-1-138-58371-9. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link)

reuters.com (Global: 38^th place; English: 30^th place)

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Corruption (English Wikipedia)

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amacad.org (Global: 2,591^st place; English: 1,754^th place)

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books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

brennancenter.org (Global: low place; English: 8,486^th place)

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

bundestag.de (Global: 830^th place; English: 2,055^th place)

business-standard.com (Global: 589^th place; English: 300^th place)

businesstoday.in (Global: 2,918^th place; English: 1,469^th place)

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

canberratimes.com.au (Global: 3,502^nd place; English: 1,773^rd place)

carnegieendowment.org (Global: 3,542^nd place; English: 2,637^th place)

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; English: 26^th place)

csis.org (Global: 2,377^th place; English: 1,686^th place)

dea.gov (Global: low place; English: 7,442^nd place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

economist.com (Global: 331^st place; English: 272^nd place)

fas.org (Global: 730^th place; English: 519^th place)

fbi.gov (Global: 1,253^rd place; English: 766^th place)

financialexpress.com (Global: 1,342^nd place; English: 667^th place)

foreignaffairs.com (Global: 3,112^th place; English: 2,133^rd place)

gu.se (Global: 3,404^th place; English: 3,937^th place)

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imf.org (Global: 225^th place; English: 601^st place)

indiatimes.com (Global: 31^st place; English: 19^th place)

insightcrime.org (Global: 4,032^nd place; English: 3,071^st place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

justia.com (Global: 673^rd place; English: 333^rd place)

justsecurity.org (Global: low place; English: 8,720^th place)

lefigaro.fr (Global: 116^th place; English: 637^th place)

mit.edu (Global: 476^th place; English: 340^th place)

mo.gov (Global: 2,582^nd place; English: 1,191^st place)

moneycontrol.com (Global: 2,189^th place; English: 1,075^th place)

nber.org (Global: 3,811^th place; English: 2,424^th place)

ndtv.com (Global: 277^th place; English: 149^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

oecd.org (Global: 1,345^th place; English: 1,190^th place)

oup.com (Global: 292^nd place; English: 233^rd place)

publicintegrity.org (Global: low place; English: 9,745^th place)

researchgate.net (Global: 96^th place; English: 89^th place)

reuters.com (Global: 38^th place; English: 30^th place)

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137^th place; English: 146^th place)

scu.edu (Global: low place; English: 5,714^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

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statista.com (Global: 1,214^th place; English: 1,277^th place)

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tiscali.co.uk (Global: 6,305^th place; English: 5,181^st place)

transparency.org (Global: 4,270^th place; English: 4,412^th place)

ub.edu (Global: 3,515^th place; English: 3,711^th place)

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