Cougar (English Wikipedia)

"Cougar Predation – Description". Procedures for Evaluating Predation on Livestock and Wildlife. Archived from the original on January 11, 2011. Retrieved August 3, 2008.

archive.org

Jardine, W. (1834). "Genus II. Puma". Naturalists' library, Mammalia, volume 2. Edinburgh: Lizars, Stirling and Kenney. pp. 266–267.
Hudson, W. H. (1892). The Naturalist in La Plata. London: Chapman and Hall Ltd. pp. 31–49. Retrieved February 15, 2018. This, however, is not a full statement of the facts; the puma will not even defend itself against man
Roosevelt, Theodore (1914). Through the Brazilian Wilderness. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 27–8. Retrieved February 15, 2018.
Young, S. P.; Goldman, E. A. (1964). The Puma: Mysterious American Cat. New York: Dover Publications Inc. pp. 99, 103–105.
Roosevelt, Theodore (1914). Through the Brazilian Wilderness. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 26–31. Retrieved February 15, 2018.

archive.today

"Mountain Lion Fact Sheet". Abundant Wildlife Society of North America. Archived from the original on July 20, 2012. Retrieved July 10, 2008.

azgfd.gov

"Confirmed mountain lion attacks in the United States and Canada 1890 – present". Arizona Game and Fish Department. Archived from the original on May 18, 2007. Retrieved May 20, 2007.

balancedecology.org

"Texas Mountain Lion Conservation Project". Balanced Ecology Inc. 2007–2013. Archived from the original on July 29, 2020. Retrieved January 18, 2010.

biobiochile.cl

Contreras, E. (2020). "Expertos tras eventual ataque de un puma en Corral: 'Es inusual, no buscan enfrentar a los humanos'". Radio Bío-Bío (in Spanish). Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2020.

books.google.com

Hornocker, M. G. & Negri, S. (2009). Cougar: ecology and conservation. University of Chicago Press. pp. 113–114. ISBN 978-0-226-35344-9.
Azara, F. d. (1838). The Natural History of the Quadrupeds of Paraguay and the River la Plata. Edinburgh, Scotland: Adam and Charles Black. pp. 207–208. Archived from the original on May 5, 2024. Retrieved June 6, 2020. I have not heard that they have assaulted or attempted to assault man, nor dogs and boys, even when it encounters them asleep

britannica.com

Beler, Paul. "puma". Britannica. Archived from the original on October 6, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2023.

bucknell.edu

departments.bucknell.edu

Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). "Species Puma concolor". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 544–545. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

ca.gov

dfg.ca.gov

"Mountain Lions in California". California Department of Fish and Game. 2004. Archived from the original on April 30, 2007. Retrieved May 20, 2007.

cambridge.org

journals.cambridge.org

Nuanaez R.; Miller, B. & Lindzey F. (2000). "Food habits of jaguars and pumas in Jalisco, Mexico". Journal of Zoology. 252 (3): 373–379. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb00632.x. Archived from the original on August 10, 2016. Retrieved May 20, 2007.

canadiangeographic.ca

"Cougars in Canada (Just the Facts)". Canadian Geographic Magazine. Archived from the original on August 20, 2007. Retrieved April 2, 2007.

cbslocal.com

boston.cbslocal.com

Fisher, Michelle (May 21, 2018). "Victim in Deadly Washington State Cougar Attack Had Boston Ties". CBS BOston. Archived from the original on May 23, 2018. Retrieved May 23, 2018.

cornell.edu

usda.mannlib.cornell.edu

"Cattle report 1990" (PDF). National Agricultural Statistics Service. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 8, 2011. Retrieved September 11, 2009.
"Sheep and Goats report 1990" (PDF). National Agricultural Statistics Service. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 8, 2011. Retrieved September 11, 2009.

csic.es

bibdigital.rjb.csic.es

Linnaeus, C. (1771). "Felis concolor". Mantissa plantarum altera (in Latin). Holmiae: Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii. p. 522. Archived from the original on December 26, 2019. Retrieved August 29, 2019.

ctvnews.ca

Razek, Raja; Flynn, Jessica (March 25, 2024). "First fatal mountain lion attack in California in 20 years leaves one man dead, brother injured, authorities say". CTV News. Archived from the original on March 25, 2024. Retrieved March 25, 2024.

doi.org

Nielsen, C.; Thompson, D.; Kelly, M. & Lopez-Gonzalez, C. A. (2016) [errata version of 2015 assessment]. "Puma concolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T18868A97216466. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T18868A50663436.en. Retrieved January 16, 2022.
Rau, J. R. & Jiménez, J. E. (2002). "Diet of puma (Puma concolor, Carnivora: Felidae) in coastal and Andean ranges of southern Chile". Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment. 37 (3): 201–205. Bibcode:2002SNFE...37..201R. doi:10.1076/snfe.37.3.201.8567. ISSN 0165-0521. S2CID 84264487.
Scognamillo, D.; Maxit, I. E.; Sunquist, M. & Polisar, J. (2003). "Coexistence of jaguar (Panthera onca) and puma (Puma concolor) in a mosaic landscape in the Venezuelan llanos". Journal of Zoology. 259 (3): 269–279. doi:10.1017/S0952836902003230.
Holmes, B. R. & Laundré, J. W. (2006). "Use of open, edge and forest areas by pumas Puma concolor in winter: are pumas foraging optimally?". Wildlife Biology. 12 (2): 201–210. doi:10.2981/0909-6396(2006)12[201:UOOEAF]2.0.CO;2.
Dickson, B. G.; Roemer, G. W.; McRae, B. H. & Rundall, J. M. (2013). "Models of regional habitat quality and connectivity for Pumas (Puma concolor) in the southwestern United States". PLOS ONE. 8 (12): e81898. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...881898D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0081898. PMC 3867332. PMID 24367495.
Johnson, W. E.; Eizirik, E.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; Murphy, W. J.; Antunes, A.; Teeling, E. & O'Brien, S. J. (2006). "The Late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment". Science. 311 (5757): 73–77. Bibcode:2006Sci...311...73J. doi:10.1126/science.1122277. PMID 16400146. S2CID 41672825. Archived from the original on October 4, 2020. Retrieved July 12, 2019.
Culver, M.; Johnson, W. E.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; O'Brien, S. J. (2000). "Genomic Ancestry of the American Puma". Journal of Heredity. 91 (3): 186–97. doi:10.1093/jhered/91.3.186. PMID 10833043.
Conroy, M. J.; Beier, P.; Quigley, H.; Vaughan, M. R. (2006). "Improving The Use Of Science In Conservation: Lessons From The Florida Panther". Journal of Wildlife Management. 70 (1): 1–7. doi:10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1:ITUOSI]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 85920592.
Ross, B.; Barnes, I.; Phillips, M. J.; Martin, L D.; Harington, C. R.; Leonard, J. A. & Cooper, A. (2005). "Evolution of the extinct Sabretooths and the American cheetah-like cat". Current Biology. 15 (15): R589–R590. Bibcode:2005CBio...15.R589B. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2005.07.052. PMID 16085477. S2CID 17665121.
Petrigh, R. S.; Martínez, J. G.; Mondini, M. & Fugassa, M. H. (2019). "Ancient parasitic DNA reveals Toxascaris leonina presence in Final Pleistocene of South America". Parasitology. 146 (10): 1284–1288. doi:10.1017/S0031182019000787. hdl:11336/177873. PMID 31196226.
Chimento, N.R.; Dondas, A. (2018). "First record of Puma concolor (Mammalia, Felidae) in the Early-Middle Pleistocene of South America". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 25 (3): 381–389. doi:10.1007/s10914-017-9385-x. S2CID 16249074.
Iriarte, J. A.; Franklin, W. L.; Johnson, W. E.; Redford, K. H. (1990). "Biogeographic variation of food habits and body size of the America puma". Oecologia. 85 (2): 185–190. Bibcode:1990Oecol..85..185I. doi:10.1007/BF00319400. PMID 28312554. S2CID 10134066.
Francis, Adama M.; Iserson, K. V. (2015). "Jaguar Attack on a Child: Case Report and Literature Review". Western Journal of Emergency Medicine. 16 (2): 303–309. doi:10.5811/westjem.2015.1.24043. PMC 4380383. PMID 25834674.
Nuanaez R.; Miller, B. & Lindzey F. (2000). "Food habits of jaguars and pumas in Jalisco, Mexico". Journal of Zoology. 252 (3): 373–379. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb00632.x. Archived from the original on August 10, 2016. Retrieved May 20, 2007.
Morrison, C. D.; Boyce, M. S.; Nielsen, S. E. (2015). "Space-use, movement and dispersal of sub-adult cougars in a geographically isolated population". PeerJ. 3: e1118. doi:10.7717/peerj.1118. PMC 4540023. PMID 26290786.
Dickson, B.G. & Beier, P. (2007). "Quantifying the influence of topographic position on cougar (Puma concolor) movement in southern California, USA". Journal of Zoology. 271 (3): 270–277. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.571.8947. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00215.x.
Ávila-Nájera, D. M.; Chávez, C.; Pérez-Elizalde, S.; Guzmán-Plazola, R. A.; Mendoza, G. D. & Lazcano-Barrero, M. A. (2018). "Ecology of Puma concolor (Carnivora: Felidae) in a Mexican tropical forest: adaptation to environmental disturbances". Revista de Biología Tropical. 66 (1): 78–90. doi:10.15517/rbt.v66i1.27862.
Morales-Rivas, A.; Álvarez, F. S.; Pocasangre-Orellana, X.; Girón, L.; Guerra, G. N.; Martínez, R.; Pablo Domínguez, J.; Leibl, F. & Heibl, C. (2020). "Big cats are still walking in El Salvador: first photographic records of Puma concolor (Linnaeus, 1771) and an overview of historical records in the country". Check List. 16 (4): 563–570. doi:10.15560/16.3.563.
Olarte-González, G.; Escovar-Fadul, T. & Balaguera-Reina, S.A. (2015). "First record of Puma concolor Linneus, 1771 (Carnivora: Felidae) preying Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780) on a palm-oil plantation in the Meta department, Colombia". Mammalogy Notes. 2 (1): 8–10. doi:10.47603/manovol2n1.8-10.
Boron, V.; Xofis, P.; Link, A.; Payan, E. & Tzanopoulos, J. (2020). "Conserving predators across agricultural landscapes in Colombia: habitat use and space partitioning by jaguars, pumas, ocelots and jaguarundis". Oryx. 54 (4): 554–563. doi:10.1017/S0030605318000327.
Guerisoli, M. D. L. M.; Caruso, N.; Luengos Vidal, E. M. & Lucherini, M. (2019). "Habitat use and activity patterns of Puma concolor in a human-dominated landscape of central Argentina". Journal of Mammalogy. 100 (1): 202–211. doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyz005. hdl:11336/104140.
LaBarge, L. R.; Evans, M. J.; Miller, J. R. B.; Cannataro, G.; Hunt, C.; Elbroch, L. M. (2022). "Pumas Puma concolor as ecological brokers: a review of their biotic relationships". Mammal Review. 52 (3): 360–376. doi:10.1111/mam.12281.
Ross, R.; Jalkotzy, M. G. & Festa-Bianchet, M. (1993). "Cougar predation on bighorn sheep in southwestern Alberta during winter". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 75 (5): 771–775. doi:10.1139/z97-098.
Gutiérrez-González, C. E. & López-González, C. A. (2017). "Jaguar interactions with pumas and prey at the northern edge of jaguars' range". PeerJ. 5: e2886. doi:10.7717/peerj.2886. PMC 5248577. PMID 28133569.
Martínez, J.I.Z.; Travaini, A.; Zapata, S.; Procopio, D. & Santillán, M.Á. (2012). "The ecological role of native and introduced species in the diet of the puma Puma concolor in southern Patagonia". Oryx. 46 (1): 106–111. doi:10.1017/S0030605310001821. hdl:11336/81623.
Bauer, J. W.; Logan, K. A.; Sweanor, L. L. & Boyce, W. M. (2005). "Scavenging behavior in Puma". The Southwestern Naturalist. 50 (4): 466–471. doi:10.1894/0038-4909(2005)050[0466:SBIP]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 85632179.
Elbroch, L. M.; Lendrum, P. E.; Allen, M. L.; Wittmer, H. U. (2014). "Nowhere to hide: pumas, black bears, and competition refuges". Behavioral Ecology. 26: 247–254. doi:10.1093/beheco/aru189.
Nuanaez, R.; Miller, B.; Lindzey, F. (2000). "Food habits of jaguars and pumas in Jalisco, Mexico". Journal of Zoology. 252 (3): 373–379. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb00632.x.
Elbroch, L. M.; Levy, M.; Lubell, M.; Quigley, H. & Caragiulo, A. (2017). "Adaptive social strategies in a solitary carnivore". Science Advances. 3 (10): e1701218. Bibcode:2017SciA....3E1218E. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1701218. PMC 5636203. PMID 29026880.
Gutiérrez-González, C.E. & López-González, C.A. (2017). "Jaguar interactions with pumas and prey at the northern edge of jaguars' range". PeerJ. 5: e2886. doi:10.7717/peerj.2886. PMC 5248577. PMID 28133569.
Soria-Díaz, L.; Monroy-Vilchis, O. & Zarco-González, Z. (2016). "Activity pattern of puma (Puma concolor) and its main prey in central Mexico". Animal Biology. 66: 13–20. doi:10.1163/15707563-00002487. Archived from the original on May 5, 2024. Retrieved April 24, 2024.
Botts, R.T.; Eppert, A.A.; Wiegman, T.J.; Rodriguez, A.; Blankenship, S.R.; Asselin, E.M.; Garley, W.M.; Wagner, A.P.; Ullrich, S.E.; Allen, G.R. & Mooring, M.S. (2020). "Circadian activity patterns of mammalian predators and prey in Costa Rica". Journal of Mammalogy. 101 (5): 1313–1331. doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyaa103. PMC 7733402. PMID 33343263.
Harmsen, B.J.; Foster, R.J.; Silver, S.C.; Ostro, L.E.T. & Doncaster, C.P. (2009). "Spatial and temporal interactions of sympatric Jaguars (Panthera onca) and Pumas (Puma concolor) in a Neotropical forest". Journal of Mammalogy. 90 (3): 612–620. doi:10.1644/08-MAMM-A-140R.1.
Cepeda-Duque, J.C.; Gómez–Valencia, B.; Alvarez, S.; Gutiérrez–Sanabria, D.R. & Lizcano, D.J. (2021). "Daily activity pattern of pumas (Puma concolor) and their potential prey in a tropical cloud forest of Colombia". Animal Biodiversity and Conservation. 44 (2): 267–278. doi:10.32800/abc.2021.44.0267.
Ayala, G.M.; Viscarra, M.E.; Sarmento, P.; Negrões, N.; Fonseca, C. & Wallace, R.B. (2021). "Activity patterns of jaguar and puma and their primary prey in the Greater Madidi-Tambopata Landscape (Bolivia, Peru)". Mammalia. 85 (3): 208–219. doi:10.1515/mammalia-2020-0058.
Azevedo, F.C.; Lemos, F.G.; Freitas-Junior, M.C.; Rocha, D.G. & Azevedo, F.C.C. (2018). "Puma activity patterns and temporal overlap with prey in a human-modified landscape at southeastern Brazil". Journal of Zoology. 305 (4): 246–255. doi:10.1111/jzo.12558.
Foster, V.C.; Sarmento, P.; Sollmann, R.; Tôrres, N.; Jácomo, A.T.; Negrões, N.; Fonseca, C. & Silveira, L. (2013). "Jaguar and Puma activity patterns and predator-prey interactions in four Brazilian Biomes". Biotropica. 45 (3): 373–379. Bibcode:2013Biotr..45..373F. doi:10.1111/btp.12021. JSTOR 23525363.
Paviolo, A.; Di Blanco, Y. E.; De Angelo, C.D. & Di Bitetti, M.S. (2009). "Protection affects the abundance and activity patterns of pumas in the Atlantic Forest". Journal of Mammalogy. 90 (4): 926–934. doi:10.1644/08-MAMM-A-128.1. hdl:11336/59545.
Zanón-Martínez, J.I.; Kelly, M.J.; Mesa-Cruz, J.B.; Sarasola, J.H.; DeHart, C. & Travaini, A. (2016). "Density and activity patterns of pumas in hunted and non-hunted areas in central Argentina". Wildlife Research. 43 (6): 449–460. doi:10.1071/WR16056. hdl:11336/44202.
Sweanor, L.; Logan, K. A. & Hornocker, M. G. (2000). "Cougar dispersal patterns, metapopulation dynamics, and conservation". Conservation Biology. 14 (3): 798–808. Bibcode:2000ConBi..14..798S. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99079.x. S2CID 26735359.
Allen, M. L.; Wittmer, H. U. & Wilmers, C. C. (2014). "Puma communication behaviours: understanding functional use and variation among sex and age classes". Behaviour. 151 (6): 819–840. doi:10.1163/1568539X-00003173.
Bonier, F.; Quigley, H. & Austad, S. (2004). "A technique for non-invasively detecting stress response in cougars". Wildlife Society Bulletin. 32 (3): 711–717. doi:10.2193/0091-7648(2004)032[0711:ATFNDS]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 85819163.
Sweanor, L.; Logan, K. A. & Hornocker, M. G. (2000). "Cougar dispersal patterns, metapopulation dynamics, and conservation". Conservation Biology. 14 (3): 798–808. Bibcode:2000ConBi..14..798S. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99079.x. S2CID 26735359.
Biek, R.; Rodrigo, A. G.; Holley, D.; Drummond, A.; Anderson Jr., C. R.; Ross, H. A. & Poss, M. (2003). "Epidemiology, Genetic Diversity, and Evolution of Endemic Feline Immunodeficiency Virus in a Population of Wild Cougars". Journal of Virology. 77 (17): 9578–9589. doi:10.1128/JVI.77.17.9578-9589.2003. PMC 187433. PMID 12915571.
Beier, P. (1993). "Determining minimum habitat areas and habitat corridors for Cougars". Conservation Biology. 7 (1): 94–108. Bibcode:1993ConBi...7...94B. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1993.07010094.x. JSTOR 2386646. S2CID 55580710.
Ernest, H. B.; Vickers, T. W.; Morrison, S. A.; Buchalski, M. R.; Boyce, W. M. (2014). "Fractured genetic connectivity threatens a southern California Puma (Puma concolor) population". PLOS ONE. 9 (10): e107985. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9j7985E. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107985. PMC 4189954. PMID 25295530.
Guerisoli, M. D. L. M.; Luengos Vidal, E.; Caruso, N.; Giordano, A. J. & Lucherini, M. (2021). "Puma–livestock conflicts in the Americas: A review of the evidence". Mammal Review. 51 (2): 228–246. doi:10.1111/mam.12224. S2CID 226336427.
McKee, Denise (2003). "Cougar Attacks on Humans: A Case Report". Wilderness and Environmental Medicine. 14 (3): 169–73. doi:10.1580/1080-6032(2003)14[169:CAOHAC]2.0.CO;2. PMID 14518628.
Sweanor, Linda L.; Logan, Kenneth A.; Hornocker, Maurice G. (2005). "Puma responses to close approaches by researchers". Wildlife Society Bulletin. 33 (3): 905–913. doi:10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[905:PRTCAB]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 86209378.
Gelin, Maria L.; Branch, Lyn C.; Thornton, Daniel H.; Novaro, Andrés J.; Gould, Matthew J.; Caragiulo, Anthony (2017). "Response of pumas (Puma concolor) to migration of their primary prey in Patagonia". PLOS ONE. 12 (12): e0188877. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1288877G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0188877. PMC 5718558. PMID 29211753.
Portelli, C.M.; Eveling, C.R.; Lamas, J.; Mamaní, P.J. (2012). "Ataque fatal en humano, por puma (Puma concolor)". Cuadernos de Medicina Forense (in Spanish). 18 (3–4): 139–142. doi:10.4321/S1135-76062012000300008. Archived from the original on February 26, 2018. Retrieved February 26, 2018.
Fonseca, G. M.; Palacios, R. (2013). "An Unusual Case of Predation: Dog Pack or Cougar Attack?". Journal of Forensic Sciences. 58 (1): 224–227. doi:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2012.02281.x. hdl:11336/10589. PMID 22971181. S2CID 205771079.
Peebles, Kaylie A.; Wielgus, Robert B.; Maletzke, Benjamin T.; Swanson, Mark E. (November 2013). "Effects of Remedial Sport Hunting on Cougar Complaints and Livestock Depredations". PLOS ONE. 8 (11): e79713. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...879713P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0079713. PMC 3834330. PMID 24260291.

ecology.info

Hamdig, Paul. "Sympatric Jaguar and Puma". Ecology Online Sweden. Archived from the original on July 16, 2006. Retrieved August 30, 2006.

etymonline.com

"Online Etymology Dictionary". Douglas Harper. 2001. Archived from the original on June 28, 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2006.
& corresponding entry for "Cougar" Archived December 2, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
Harper, Douglas. "jaguar". Online Etymology Dictionary.
"Puma". Online Etymology Dictionary. Archived from the original on May 16, 2022. Retrieved April 16, 2022.

fapesp.br

revistapesquisa.fapesp.br

"Quando o pardo é branco". revistapesquisa.fapesp.br (in Portuguese). Brazil. 2019. Archived from the original on August 7, 2020. Retrieved August 18, 2020.

folklore.ee

Tarmo, Kulmar. "On the role of Creation and Origin Myths in the Development of Inca State and Religion". Electronic Journal of Folklore. Kait Realo (translator). Estonian Folklore Institute. Archived from the original on June 30, 2007. Retrieved May 22, 2007.

forests.org

Gugliotta, G. (2003). "In Yellowstone, it's Carnivore Competition". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on July 23, 2013. Retrieved April 9, 2007.

forwolves.org

"Park wolf pack kills mother cougar". forwolves.org. Archived from the original on November 2, 2013. Retrieved April 12, 2013.
"Wolf B4 Killed by Mountain Lion?". forwolves.org. March 25, 1996. Archived from the original on November 2, 2013.

free.fr

carnivoractionplans1.free.fr

Nowell, K. & Jackson, P. (1996). "Wild Cats. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan" (PDF). IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 7, 2007. Retrieved July 27, 2007.
Nowell, K. & Jackson, P. (1996). "Wild Cats. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan" (PDF). IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 7, 2007. Retrieved July 27, 2007.

frii.com

users.frii.com

Beier, Paul (1991). "Cougar attacks on humans in the United States and Canada". Wildlife Society Bulletin. Northern Arizona University. Archived from the original on June 22, 2012. Retrieved May 20, 2007.

fws.gov

"Eastern Cougar". Endangered and Threatened Species of the Southeastern United States (The Red Book). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1991. Archived from the original on April 3, 2007. Retrieved May 20, 2007.
"Florida Panther". Endangered and Threatened Species of the Southeastern United States (The Red Book). United States Fish and Wildlife Service. 1993. Archived from the original on June 4, 2007. Retrieved June 7, 2007.

ghostarchive.org

COSEWIC. Canadian Wildlife Service (2002). "Assessment and Update Status Report on the Grizzly Bear (Ursus arctos)" (PDF). Environment Canada. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved April 8, 2007.

google.com

Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). "Species Puma concolor". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 544–545. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

gov.bc.ca

env.gov.bc.ca

Spalding, D. J. "Cougar in British Columbia". British Columbia Fish and Wildlife Branch. Archived from the original on August 24, 2011. Retrieved June 5, 2011.
"Safety Guide to Cougars". Environmental Stewardship Division. Government of British Columbia, Ministry of Environment. 1991. Archived from the original on August 23, 2007. Retrieved May 28, 2007.

greateryellowstonescience.org

"Overview: Gray Wolves". Greater Yellowstone Learning Center. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved April 9, 2007.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Petrigh, R. S.; Martínez, J. G.; Mondini, M. & Fugassa, M. H. (2019). "Ancient parasitic DNA reveals Toxascaris leonina presence in Final Pleistocene of South America". Parasitology. 146 (10): 1284–1288. doi:10.1017/S0031182019000787. hdl:11336/177873. PMID 31196226.
Guerisoli, M. D. L. M.; Caruso, N.; Luengos Vidal, E. M. & Lucherini, M. (2019). "Habitat use and activity patterns of Puma concolor in a human-dominated landscape of central Argentina". Journal of Mammalogy. 100 (1): 202–211. doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyz005. hdl:11336/104140.
Martínez, J.I.Z.; Travaini, A.; Zapata, S.; Procopio, D. & Santillán, M.Á. (2012). "The ecological role of native and introduced species in the diet of the puma Puma concolor in southern Patagonia". Oryx. 46 (1): 106–111. doi:10.1017/S0030605310001821. hdl:11336/81623.
Paviolo, A.; Di Blanco, Y. E.; De Angelo, C.D. & Di Bitetti, M.S. (2009). "Protection affects the abundance and activity patterns of pumas in the Atlantic Forest". Journal of Mammalogy. 90 (4): 926–934. doi:10.1644/08-MAMM-A-128.1. hdl:11336/59545.
Zanón-Martínez, J.I.; Kelly, M.J.; Mesa-Cruz, J.B.; Sarasola, J.H.; DeHart, C. & Travaini, A. (2016). "Density and activity patterns of pumas in hunted and non-hunted areas in central Argentina". Wildlife Research. 43 (6): 449–460. doi:10.1071/WR16056. hdl:11336/44202.
Fonseca, G. M.; Palacios, R. (2013). "An Unusual Case of Predation: Dog Pack or Cougar Attack?". Journal of Forensic Sciences. 58 (1): 224–227. doi:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2012.02281.x. hdl:11336/10589. PMID 22971181. S2CID 205771079.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Rau, J. R. & Jiménez, J. E. (2002). "Diet of puma (Puma concolor, Carnivora: Felidae) in coastal and Andean ranges of southern Chile". Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment. 37 (3): 201–205. Bibcode:2002SNFE...37..201R. doi:10.1076/snfe.37.3.201.8567. ISSN 0165-0521. S2CID 84264487.
Dickson, B. G.; Roemer, G. W.; McRae, B. H. & Rundall, J. M. (2013). "Models of regional habitat quality and connectivity for Pumas (Puma concolor) in the southwestern United States". PLOS ONE. 8 (12): e81898. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...881898D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0081898. PMC 3867332. PMID 24367495.
Johnson, W. E.; Eizirik, E.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; Murphy, W. J.; Antunes, A.; Teeling, E. & O'Brien, S. J. (2006). "The Late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment". Science. 311 (5757): 73–77. Bibcode:2006Sci...311...73J. doi:10.1126/science.1122277. PMID 16400146. S2CID 41672825. Archived from the original on October 4, 2020. Retrieved July 12, 2019.
Ross, B.; Barnes, I.; Phillips, M. J.; Martin, L D.; Harington, C. R.; Leonard, J. A. & Cooper, A. (2005). "Evolution of the extinct Sabretooths and the American cheetah-like cat". Current Biology. 15 (15): R589–R590. Bibcode:2005CBio...15.R589B. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2005.07.052. PMID 16085477. S2CID 17665121.
Iriarte, J. A.; Franklin, W. L.; Johnson, W. E.; Redford, K. H. (1990). "Biogeographic variation of food habits and body size of the America puma". Oecologia. 85 (2): 185–190. Bibcode:1990Oecol..85..185I. doi:10.1007/BF00319400. PMID 28312554. S2CID 10134066.
Elbroch, L. M.; Levy, M.; Lubell, M.; Quigley, H. & Caragiulo, A. (2017). "Adaptive social strategies in a solitary carnivore". Science Advances. 3 (10): e1701218. Bibcode:2017SciA....3E1218E. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1701218. PMC 5636203. PMID 29026880.
Foster, V.C.; Sarmento, P.; Sollmann, R.; Tôrres, N.; Jácomo, A.T.; Negrões, N.; Fonseca, C. & Silveira, L. (2013). "Jaguar and Puma activity patterns and predator-prey interactions in four Brazilian Biomes". Biotropica. 45 (3): 373–379. Bibcode:2013Biotr..45..373F. doi:10.1111/btp.12021. JSTOR 23525363.
Sweanor, L.; Logan, K. A. & Hornocker, M. G. (2000). "Cougar dispersal patterns, metapopulation dynamics, and conservation". Conservation Biology. 14 (3): 798–808. Bibcode:2000ConBi..14..798S. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99079.x. S2CID 26735359.
Sweanor, L.; Logan, K. A. & Hornocker, M. G. (2000). "Cougar dispersal patterns, metapopulation dynamics, and conservation". Conservation Biology. 14 (3): 798–808. Bibcode:2000ConBi..14..798S. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99079.x. S2CID 26735359.
Beier, P. (1993). "Determining minimum habitat areas and habitat corridors for Cougars". Conservation Biology. 7 (1): 94–108. Bibcode:1993ConBi...7...94B. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1993.07010094.x. JSTOR 2386646. S2CID 55580710.
Ernest, H. B.; Vickers, T. W.; Morrison, S. A.; Buchalski, M. R.; Boyce, W. M. (2014). "Fractured genetic connectivity threatens a southern California Puma (Puma concolor) population". PLOS ONE. 9 (10): e107985. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9j7985E. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107985. PMC 4189954. PMID 25295530.
Gelin, Maria L.; Branch, Lyn C.; Thornton, Daniel H.; Novaro, Andrés J.; Gould, Matthew J.; Caragiulo, Anthony (2017). "Response of pumas (Puma concolor) to migration of their primary prey in Patagonia". PLOS ONE. 12 (12): e0188877. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1288877G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0188877. PMC 5718558. PMID 29211753.
Peebles, Kaylie A.; Wielgus, Robert B.; Maletzke, Benjamin T.; Swanson, Mark E. (November 2013). "Effects of Remedial Sport Hunting on Cougar Complaints and Livestock Depredations". PLOS ONE. 8 (11): e79713. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...879713P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0079713. PMC 3834330. PMID 24260291.

hotcakencyclopedia.com

"Cougars"; Archived April 21, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. The Encyclopedia of Hočąk (Winnebago) Mythology. Retrieved: 2009/12/08.

hww.ca

"Cougar". Hinterland Who's Who. Canadian Wildlife Service and Canadian Wildlife Federation. Archived from the original on May 18, 2007. Retrieved May 22, 2007.

igorilla.com

"Autopsy Indicates Cougar Killed Wolf". igorilla.com. 2000. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved May 22, 2015.

ihmc.us

maaz.ihmc.us

Chébez, J. C.; Nigro, R. Á. "Aportes preliminaares para un plan de conservación y manejo del Puma (Puma concolor) en la República Argentina" (PDF) (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on February 26, 2018. Retrieved February 23, 2018.

isciii.es

scielo.isciii.es

Portelli, C.M.; Eveling, C.R.; Lamas, J.; Mamaní, P.J. (2012). "Ataque fatal en humano, por puma (Puma concolor)". Cuadernos de Medicina Forense (in Spanish). 18 (3–4): 139–142. doi:10.4321/S1135-76062012000300008. Archived from the original on February 26, 2018. Retrieved February 26, 2018.

iucnredlist.org

Nielsen, C.; Thompson, D.; Kelly, M. & Lopez-Gonzalez, C. A. (2016) [errata version of 2015 assessment]. "Puma concolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T18868A97216466. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T18868A50663436.en. Retrieved January 16, 2022.

jhnewsandguide.com

"This lion doesn't run, instead kills, eats wolf". National Geographic. December 11, 2013. Archived from the original on October 7, 2019. Retrieved October 7, 2019.

jstor.org

Foster, V.C.; Sarmento, P.; Sollmann, R.; Tôrres, N.; Jácomo, A.T.; Negrões, N.; Fonseca, C. & Silveira, L. (2013). "Jaguar and Puma activity patterns and predator-prey interactions in four Brazilian Biomes". Biotropica. 45 (3): 373–379. Bibcode:2013Biotr..45..373F. doi:10.1111/btp.12021. JSTOR 23525363.
Beier, P. (1993). "Determining minimum habitat areas and habitat corridors for Cougars". Conservation Biology. 7 (1): 94–108. Bibcode:1993ConBi...7...94B. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1993.07010094.x. JSTOR 2386646. S2CID 55580710.
Beier, Paul (1991). "Cougar attacks on humans in the United States and Canada". Wildlife Society Bulletin. 19 (4): 403–412. JSTOR 3782149.
Torres SG; Mansfield TM; Foley JE; Lupo T; Brinkhaus A (1996). "Mountain lion and human activity in California: testing speculations". Wildlife Society Bulletin. 24 (3): 451–460. JSTOR 3783326.

latimes.com

Williams, Terrie M. (November 6, 2014) "As species decline, so does research funding" Archived November 9, 2014, at the Wayback Machine Los Angeles Times

missoulian.com

"Mountain lions kill collared wolves in Bitterroot". missoulian.com. Archived from the original on May 17, 2013. Retrieved May 29, 2012.
"Cougars vs. coyotes photos draw Internet crowd". missoulian.com. 2013. Archived from the original on April 11, 2013. Retrieved April 8, 2013.

mtexpress.com

archives.mtexpress.com

Kauffman, J. (2009). "Predators clash above Elkhorn". Idaho Mountain Express. Archived from the original on August 7, 2017. Retrieved August 21, 2013.

nationalgeographic.com

Dell'amore, Christine (December 3, 2020). "Extremely rare white cougar highlights a quirk of the species". National Geographic. Archived from the original on August 1, 2023. Retrieved August 1, 2023.

voices.nationalgeographic.com

ELboch, M. (November 1, 2014). "Mountain Lions Versus Black Bears". National Geographic. Archived from the original on September 25, 2016. Retrieved September 24, 2016.

nbcnews.com

"Neighbor saves Miami teen from cougar". NBC News. Associated Press. November 16, 2008. Archived from the original on September 23, 2020. Retrieved February 11, 2012.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Dickson, B. G.; Roemer, G. W.; McRae, B. H. & Rundall, J. M. (2013). "Models of regional habitat quality and connectivity for Pumas (Puma concolor) in the southwestern United States". PLOS ONE. 8 (12): e81898. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...881898D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0081898. PMC 3867332. PMID 24367495.
Johnson, W. E.; Eizirik, E.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; Murphy, W. J.; Antunes, A.; Teeling, E. & O'Brien, S. J. (2006). "The Late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment". Science. 311 (5757): 73–77. Bibcode:2006Sci...311...73J. doi:10.1126/science.1122277. PMID 16400146. S2CID 41672825. Archived from the original on October 4, 2020. Retrieved July 12, 2019.
Culver, M.; Johnson, W. E.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; O'Brien, S. J. (2000). "Genomic Ancestry of the American Puma". Journal of Heredity. 91 (3): 186–97. doi:10.1093/jhered/91.3.186. PMID 10833043.
Ross, B.; Barnes, I.; Phillips, M. J.; Martin, L D.; Harington, C. R.; Leonard, J. A. & Cooper, A. (2005). "Evolution of the extinct Sabretooths and the American cheetah-like cat". Current Biology. 15 (15): R589–R590. Bibcode:2005CBio...15.R589B. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2005.07.052. PMID 16085477. S2CID 17665121.
Petrigh, R. S.; Martínez, J. G.; Mondini, M. & Fugassa, M. H. (2019). "Ancient parasitic DNA reveals Toxascaris leonina presence in Final Pleistocene of South America". Parasitology. 146 (10): 1284–1288. doi:10.1017/S0031182019000787. hdl:11336/177873. PMID 31196226.
Iriarte, J. A.; Franklin, W. L.; Johnson, W. E.; Redford, K. H. (1990). "Biogeographic variation of food habits and body size of the America puma". Oecologia. 85 (2): 185–190. Bibcode:1990Oecol..85..185I. doi:10.1007/BF00319400. PMID 28312554. S2CID 10134066.
Francis, Adama M.; Iserson, K. V. (2015). "Jaguar Attack on a Child: Case Report and Literature Review". Western Journal of Emergency Medicine. 16 (2): 303–309. doi:10.5811/westjem.2015.1.24043. PMC 4380383. PMID 25834674.
Morrison, C. D.; Boyce, M. S.; Nielsen, S. E. (2015). "Space-use, movement and dispersal of sub-adult cougars in a geographically isolated population". PeerJ. 3: e1118. doi:10.7717/peerj.1118. PMC 4540023. PMID 26290786.
Gutiérrez-González, C. E. & López-González, C. A. (2017). "Jaguar interactions with pumas and prey at the northern edge of jaguars' range". PeerJ. 5: e2886. doi:10.7717/peerj.2886. PMC 5248577. PMID 28133569.
Elbroch, L. M.; Levy, M.; Lubell, M.; Quigley, H. & Caragiulo, A. (2017). "Adaptive social strategies in a solitary carnivore". Science Advances. 3 (10): e1701218. Bibcode:2017SciA....3E1218E. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1701218. PMC 5636203. PMID 29026880.
Gutiérrez-González, C.E. & López-González, C.A. (2017). "Jaguar interactions with pumas and prey at the northern edge of jaguars' range". PeerJ. 5: e2886. doi:10.7717/peerj.2886. PMC 5248577. PMID 28133569.
Botts, R.T.; Eppert, A.A.; Wiegman, T.J.; Rodriguez, A.; Blankenship, S.R.; Asselin, E.M.; Garley, W.M.; Wagner, A.P.; Ullrich, S.E.; Allen, G.R. & Mooring, M.S. (2020). "Circadian activity patterns of mammalian predators and prey in Costa Rica". Journal of Mammalogy. 101 (5): 1313–1331. doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyaa103. PMC 7733402. PMID 33343263.
Biek, R.; Rodrigo, A. G.; Holley, D.; Drummond, A.; Anderson Jr., C. R.; Ross, H. A. & Poss, M. (2003). "Epidemiology, Genetic Diversity, and Evolution of Endemic Feline Immunodeficiency Virus in a Population of Wild Cougars". Journal of Virology. 77 (17): 9578–9589. doi:10.1128/JVI.77.17.9578-9589.2003. PMC 187433. PMID 12915571.
Ernest, H. B.; Vickers, T. W.; Morrison, S. A.; Buchalski, M. R.; Boyce, W. M. (2014). "Fractured genetic connectivity threatens a southern California Puma (Puma concolor) population". PLOS ONE. 9 (10): e107985. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9j7985E. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107985. PMC 4189954. PMID 25295530.
McKee, Denise (2003). "Cougar Attacks on Humans: A Case Report". Wilderness and Environmental Medicine. 14 (3): 169–73. doi:10.1580/1080-6032(2003)14[169:CAOHAC]2.0.CO;2. PMID 14518628.
Gelin, Maria L.; Branch, Lyn C.; Thornton, Daniel H.; Novaro, Andrés J.; Gould, Matthew J.; Caragiulo, Anthony (2017). "Response of pumas (Puma concolor) to migration of their primary prey in Patagonia". PLOS ONE. 12 (12): e0188877. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1288877G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0188877. PMC 5718558. PMID 29211753.
Fonseca, G. M.; Palacios, R. (2013). "An Unusual Case of Predation: Dog Pack or Cougar Attack?". Journal of Forensic Sciences. 58 (1): 224–227. doi:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2012.02281.x. hdl:11336/10589. PMID 22971181. S2CID 205771079.
Peebles, Kaylie A.; Wielgus, Robert B.; Maletzke, Benjamin T.; Swanson, Mark E. (November 2013). "Effects of Remedial Sport Hunting on Cougar Complaints and Livestock Depredations". PLOS ONE. 8 (11): e79713. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...879713P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0079713. PMC 3834330. PMID 24260291.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Dickson, B. G.; Roemer, G. W.; McRae, B. H. & Rundall, J. M. (2013). "Models of regional habitat quality and connectivity for Pumas (Puma concolor) in the southwestern United States". PLOS ONE. 8 (12): e81898. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...881898D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0081898. PMC 3867332. PMID 24367495.
Francis, Adama M.; Iserson, K. V. (2015). "Jaguar Attack on a Child: Case Report and Literature Review". Western Journal of Emergency Medicine. 16 (2): 303–309. doi:10.5811/westjem.2015.1.24043. PMC 4380383. PMID 25834674.
Morrison, C. D.; Boyce, M. S.; Nielsen, S. E. (2015). "Space-use, movement and dispersal of sub-adult cougars in a geographically isolated population". PeerJ. 3: e1118. doi:10.7717/peerj.1118. PMC 4540023. PMID 26290786.
Gutiérrez-González, C. E. & López-González, C. A. (2017). "Jaguar interactions with pumas and prey at the northern edge of jaguars' range". PeerJ. 5: e2886. doi:10.7717/peerj.2886. PMC 5248577. PMID 28133569.
Elbroch, L. M.; Levy, M.; Lubell, M.; Quigley, H. & Caragiulo, A. (2017). "Adaptive social strategies in a solitary carnivore". Science Advances. 3 (10): e1701218. Bibcode:2017SciA....3E1218E. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1701218. PMC 5636203. PMID 29026880.
Gutiérrez-González, C.E. & López-González, C.A. (2017). "Jaguar interactions with pumas and prey at the northern edge of jaguars' range". PeerJ. 5: e2886. doi:10.7717/peerj.2886. PMC 5248577. PMID 28133569.
Botts, R.T.; Eppert, A.A.; Wiegman, T.J.; Rodriguez, A.; Blankenship, S.R.; Asselin, E.M.; Garley, W.M.; Wagner, A.P.; Ullrich, S.E.; Allen, G.R. & Mooring, M.S. (2020). "Circadian activity patterns of mammalian predators and prey in Costa Rica". Journal of Mammalogy. 101 (5): 1313–1331. doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyaa103. PMC 7733402. PMID 33343263.
Biek, R.; Rodrigo, A. G.; Holley, D.; Drummond, A.; Anderson Jr., C. R.; Ross, H. A. & Poss, M. (2003). "Epidemiology, Genetic Diversity, and Evolution of Endemic Feline Immunodeficiency Virus in a Population of Wild Cougars". Journal of Virology. 77 (17): 9578–9589. doi:10.1128/JVI.77.17.9578-9589.2003. PMC 187433. PMID 12915571.
Ernest, H. B.; Vickers, T. W.; Morrison, S. A.; Buchalski, M. R.; Boyce, W. M. (2014). "Fractured genetic connectivity threatens a southern California Puma (Puma concolor) population". PLOS ONE. 9 (10): e107985. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9j7985E. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107985. PMC 4189954. PMID 25295530.
Gelin, Maria L.; Branch, Lyn C.; Thornton, Daniel H.; Novaro, Andrés J.; Gould, Matthew J.; Caragiulo, Anthony (2017). "Response of pumas (Puma concolor) to migration of their primary prey in Patagonia". PLOS ONE. 12 (12): e0188877. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1288877G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0188877. PMC 5718558. PMID 29211753.
Peebles, Kaylie A.; Wielgus, Robert B.; Maletzke, Benjamin T.; Swanson, Mark E. (November 2013). "Effects of Remedial Sport Hunting on Cougar Complaints and Livestock Depredations". PLOS ONE. 8 (11): e79713. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...879713P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0079713. PMC 3834330. PMID 24260291.

ny.gov

dec.ny.gov

"Eastern Cougar Fact Sheet". New York State Department of Environmental Conservat ion. Archived from the original on December 29, 2007. Retrieved March 30, 2007.

nytimes.com

"2-Year-Old Boy Hurt In Pet Cougar Attack". The New York Times. June 4, 1995. Archived from the original on June 25, 2017.

oregonwild.org

Cockle, Richard (2006). "Turf wars in Idaho's wilderness". The Oregonian. Archived from the original on December 13, 2007. Retrieved April 9, 2007.

oxforddictionaries.com

"cougar". Oxford Dictionaries Online, Oxford University Press. 1989. Archived from the original on June 1, 2013.

psu.edu

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Dickson, B.G. & Beier, P. (2007). "Quantifying the influence of topographic position on cougar (Puma concolor) movement in southern California, USA". Journal of Zoology. 271 (3): 270–277. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.571.8947. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00215.x.

pwgsc.gc.ca

dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca

COSEWIC. Canadian Wildlife Service (2002). "Assessment and Update Status Report on the Grizzly Bear (Ursus arctos)" (PDF). Environment Canada. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved April 8, 2007.

researchgate.net

Werdelin, L.; Yamaguchi, N.; Johnson, W. E. & O'Brien, S. J. (2010). "Phylogeny and evolution of cats (Felidae)". In Macdonald, D. W. & Loveridge, A. J. (eds.). Biology and Conservation of Wild Felids. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 59–82. ISBN 978-0-19-923445-5. Archived from the original on September 25, 2018. Retrieved April 4, 2022.
Soria-Díaz, L.; Monroy-Vilchis, O. & Zarco-González, Z. (2016). "Activity pattern of puma (Puma concolor) and its main prey in central Mexico". Animal Biology. 66: 13–20. doi:10.1163/15707563-00002487. Archived from the original on May 5, 2024. Retrieved April 24, 2024.

rionegro.com.ar

Redacción (2012). "Un puma mató a una pastora en Salta". Diario Río Negro (in Spanish). Archived from the original on November 30, 2021. Retrieved November 30, 2021.

scielo.org.mx

Hernández-Saintmartín, A.D.; Rosas-Rosas, O.C.; Palacio-Núñez, J.; Tarango-Arámbula, L.A.; Clemente-Sánchez, F. & Hoogesteijn, A.L. (2013). "Activity patterns of jaguar, puma and their potential prey in San Luis Potosí, Mexico". Acta Zoológica Mexicana. 29 (3). Archived from the original on April 20, 2024. Retrieved April 20, 2024.

scientificamerican.com

Subramanian, Sushma (April 14, 2009). "Should You Run or Freeze When You See a Mountain Lion?". Scientific American. Archived from the original on March 19, 2011. Retrieved March 10, 2012.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Rau, J. R. & Jiménez, J. E. (2002). "Diet of puma (Puma concolor, Carnivora: Felidae) in coastal and Andean ranges of southern Chile". Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment. 37 (3): 201–205. Bibcode:2002SNFE...37..201R. doi:10.1076/snfe.37.3.201.8567. ISSN 0165-0521. S2CID 84264487.
Johnson, W. E.; Eizirik, E.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; Murphy, W. J.; Antunes, A.; Teeling, E. & O'Brien, S. J. (2006). "The Late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment". Science. 311 (5757): 73–77. Bibcode:2006Sci...311...73J. doi:10.1126/science.1122277. PMID 16400146. S2CID 41672825. Archived from the original on October 4, 2020. Retrieved July 12, 2019.
Conroy, M. J.; Beier, P.; Quigley, H.; Vaughan, M. R. (2006). "Improving The Use Of Science In Conservation: Lessons From The Florida Panther". Journal of Wildlife Management. 70 (1): 1–7. doi:10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1:ITUOSI]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 85920592.
Ross, B.; Barnes, I.; Phillips, M. J.; Martin, L D.; Harington, C. R.; Leonard, J. A. & Cooper, A. (2005). "Evolution of the extinct Sabretooths and the American cheetah-like cat". Current Biology. 15 (15): R589–R590. Bibcode:2005CBio...15.R589B. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2005.07.052. PMID 16085477. S2CID 17665121.
Chimento, N.R.; Dondas, A. (2018). "First record of Puma concolor (Mammalia, Felidae) in the Early-Middle Pleistocene of South America". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 25 (3): 381–389. doi:10.1007/s10914-017-9385-x. S2CID 16249074.
Iriarte, J. A.; Franklin, W. L.; Johnson, W. E.; Redford, K. H. (1990). "Biogeographic variation of food habits and body size of the America puma". Oecologia. 85 (2): 185–190. Bibcode:1990Oecol..85..185I. doi:10.1007/BF00319400. PMID 28312554. S2CID 10134066.
Bauer, J. W.; Logan, K. A.; Sweanor, L. L. & Boyce, W. M. (2005). "Scavenging behavior in Puma". The Southwestern Naturalist. 50 (4): 466–471. doi:10.1894/0038-4909(2005)050[0466:SBIP]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 85632179.
Sweanor, L.; Logan, K. A. & Hornocker, M. G. (2000). "Cougar dispersal patterns, metapopulation dynamics, and conservation". Conservation Biology. 14 (3): 798–808. Bibcode:2000ConBi..14..798S. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99079.x. S2CID 26735359.
Bonier, F.; Quigley, H. & Austad, S. (2004). "A technique for non-invasively detecting stress response in cougars". Wildlife Society Bulletin. 32 (3): 711–717. doi:10.2193/0091-7648(2004)032[0711:ATFNDS]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 85819163.
Sweanor, L.; Logan, K. A. & Hornocker, M. G. (2000). "Cougar dispersal patterns, metapopulation dynamics, and conservation". Conservation Biology. 14 (3): 798–808. Bibcode:2000ConBi..14..798S. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99079.x. S2CID 26735359.
Beier, P. (1993). "Determining minimum habitat areas and habitat corridors for Cougars". Conservation Biology. 7 (1): 94–108. Bibcode:1993ConBi...7...94B. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1993.07010094.x. JSTOR 2386646. S2CID 55580710.
Guerisoli, M. D. L. M.; Luengos Vidal, E.; Caruso, N.; Giordano, A. J. & Lucherini, M. (2021). "Puma–livestock conflicts in the Americas: A review of the evidence". Mammal Review. 51 (2): 228–246. doi:10.1111/mam.12224. S2CID 226336427.
Sweanor, Linda L.; Logan, Kenneth A.; Hornocker, Maurice G. (2005). "Puma responses to close approaches by researchers". Wildlife Society Bulletin. 33 (3): 905–913. doi:10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[905:PRTCAB]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 86209378.
Fonseca, G. M.; Palacios, R. (2013). "An Unusual Case of Predation: Dog Pack or Cougar Attack?". Journal of Forensic Sciences. 58 (1): 224–227. doi:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2012.02281.x. hdl:11336/10589. PMID 22971181. S2CID 205771079.

sfgate.com

Dowd, Katie; Bartlett, Amanda. "Mountain lion kills man in Northern California for first time in 30 years". SFGATE. Archived from the original on March 28, 2024. Retrieved March 28, 2024.

si.edu

repository.si.edu

Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O'Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z.; Tobe, S. (2017). "A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group" (PDF). Cat News (Special Issue 11): 33–34. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 30, 2018. Retrieved September 3, 2020.

state.tx.us

tpwd.state.tx.us

"Mountain Lion (Puma concolor)". Texas Parks and Wildlife. Archived from the original on April 3, 2007. Retrieved March 30, 2007.

takeourword.com

"Words to the Wise". Take Our Word for It. No. 205. October 14, 2006. p. 2. Archived from the original on August 12, 2012. Retrieved July 31, 2012.

uba.ar

quimicaviva.qb.fcen.uba.ar

Faletti, Dra. Alicia (2013). "Caso Ignacio Terán Luna". Revista Química Viva (in Spanish). 12 (2). ISSN 1666-7948. Archived from the original on February 20, 2018. Retrieved February 16, 2018.

umich.edu

animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu

Shivaraju, A. (2003) Puma concolor Archived June 6, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. Retrieved on September 15, 2011.

usda.gov

aphis.usda.gov

"Living with Wildlife: Cougars" (PDF). USDA Wildlife Services. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 20, 2009. Retrieved April 11, 2009.

utah.gov

wildlife.utah.gov

Cougar Discussion Group (1999). "Utah Cougar Management Plan (Draft)" (PDF). Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 16, 2007. Retrieved May 2, 2007.
Cougar Discussion Group (1999). "Utah Cougar Management Plan (Draft)" (PDF). Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 16, 2007. Retrieved May 2, 2007.

uwsp.edu

Hamilton, M.; Hundt, P.; Piorkowski, R. "Mountain Lions". University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point. Archived from the original on June 13, 2007. Retrieved May 10, 2007.
Hamilton, M.; Hundt, P.; Piorkowski, R. "Mountain Lions". University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point. Archived from the original on June 13, 2007. Retrieved May 10, 2007.

vcn.com

aws.vcn.com

"Mountain Lion Fact Sheet". Abundant Wildlife Society of North America. Archived from the original on July 20, 2012. Retrieved July 10, 2008.

web.archive.org

"Online Etymology Dictionary". Douglas Harper. 2001. Archived from the original on June 28, 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2006.
& corresponding entry for "Cougar" Archived December 2, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
"Words to the Wise". Take Our Word for It. No. 205. October 14, 2006. p. 2. Archived from the original on August 12, 2012. Retrieved July 31, 2012.
"cougar". Oxford Dictionaries Online, Oxford University Press. 1989. Archived from the original on June 1, 2013.
"Puma". Online Etymology Dictionary. Archived from the original on May 16, 2022. Retrieved April 16, 2022.
Linnaeus, C. (1771). "Felis concolor". Mantissa plantarum altera (in Latin). Holmiae: Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii. p. 522. Archived from the original on December 26, 2019. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
Johnson, W. E.; Eizirik, E.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; Murphy, W. J.; Antunes, A.; Teeling, E. & O'Brien, S. J. (2006). "The Late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment". Science. 311 (5757): 73–77. Bibcode:2006Sci...311...73J. doi:10.1126/science.1122277. PMID 16400146. S2CID 41672825. Archived from the original on October 4, 2020. Retrieved July 12, 2019.
Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O'Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z.; Tobe, S. (2017). "A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group" (PDF). Cat News (Special Issue 11): 33–34. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 30, 2018. Retrieved September 3, 2020.
Werdelin, L.; Yamaguchi, N.; Johnson, W. E. & O'Brien, S. J. (2010). "Phylogeny and evolution of cats (Felidae)". In Macdonald, D. W. & Loveridge, A. J. (eds.). Biology and Conservation of Wild Felids. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 59–82. ISBN 978-0-19-923445-5. Archived from the original on September 25, 2018. Retrieved April 4, 2022.
"Cougar". Hinterland Who's Who. Canadian Wildlife Service and Canadian Wildlife Federation. Archived from the original on May 18, 2007. Retrieved May 22, 2007.
Expanding Cougar Population. The Cougar Net.org
Florida Panther Facts. Florida Panther Refuge
"Mountain Lion (Puma concolor)". Texas Parks and Wildlife. Archived from the original on April 3, 2007. Retrieved March 30, 2007.
"Eastern Cougar Fact Sheet". New York State Department of Environmental Conservat ion. Archived from the original on December 29, 2007. Retrieved March 30, 2007.
Shivaraju, A. (2003) Puma concolor Archived June 6, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. Retrieved on September 15, 2011.
Nowell, K. & Jackson, P. (1996). "Wild Cats. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan" (PDF). IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 7, 2007. Retrieved July 27, 2007.
Beler, Paul. "puma". Britannica. Archived from the original on October 6, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2023.
Spalding, D. J. "Cougar in British Columbia". British Columbia Fish and Wildlife Branch. Archived from the original on August 24, 2011. Retrieved June 5, 2011.
Nuanaez R.; Miller, B. & Lindzey F. (2000). "Food habits of jaguars and pumas in Jalisco, Mexico". Journal of Zoology. 252 (3): 373–379. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb00632.x. Archived from the original on August 10, 2016. Retrieved May 20, 2007.
"Quando o pardo é branco". revistapesquisa.fapesp.br (in Portuguese). Brazil. 2019. Archived from the original on August 7, 2020. Retrieved August 18, 2020.
Dell'amore, Christine (December 3, 2020). "Extremely rare white cougar highlights a quirk of the species". National Geographic. Archived from the original on August 1, 2023. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
Kobilinsky, Dana (March 9, 2023). "Rising oryx numbers may distress New Mexico ecosystem". The Wildlife Society. Archived from the original on March 11, 2023. Retrieved March 12, 2023.
"JWM: Cougars prey on feral horses in the Great Basin". August 20, 2021. Archived from the original on May 10, 2023. Retrieved May 10, 2023.
"Do cougars affect ecosystems by preying on feral donkeys?". May 10, 2023. Archived from the original on May 10, 2023. Retrieved May 10, 2023.
"Wildlife: Wolves". Yellowstone National Park. Archived from the original on April 20, 2007. Retrieved April 8, 2007.
* Akenson, H.; Akenson, J.; Quigley, H. "Winter predation and interactions of Wolves and Cougars on Panther Creek in Central Idaho". Archived from the original on April 20, 2007.
* Oakleaf, John K.; Mack, C.; Murray, D. L. "Winter predation and interactions of Cougars and Wolves in the Central Idaho Wilderness". Archived from the original on April 20, 2007.
ELboch, M. (November 1, 2014). "Mountain Lions Versus Black Bears". National Geographic. Archived from the original on September 25, 2016. Retrieved September 24, 2016.
"Park wolf pack kills mother cougar". forwolves.org. Archived from the original on November 2, 2013. Retrieved April 12, 2013.
Kauffman, J. (2009). "Predators clash above Elkhorn". Idaho Mountain Express. Archived from the original on August 7, 2017. Retrieved August 21, 2013.
"Wolf B4 Killed by Mountain Lion?". forwolves.org. March 25, 1996. Archived from the original on November 2, 2013.
Gugliotta, G. (2003). "In Yellowstone, it's Carnivore Competition". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on July 23, 2013. Retrieved April 9, 2007.
"Autopsy Indicates Cougar Killed Wolf". igorilla.com. 2000. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
"Mountain lions kill collared wolves in Bitterroot". missoulian.com. Archived from the original on May 17, 2013. Retrieved May 29, 2012.
"This lion doesn't run, instead kills, eats wolf". National Geographic. December 11, 2013. Archived from the original on October 7, 2019. Retrieved October 7, 2019.
"Overview: Gray Wolves". Greater Yellowstone Learning Center. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved April 9, 2007.
Cockle, Richard (2006). "Turf wars in Idaho's wilderness". The Oregonian. Archived from the original on December 13, 2007. Retrieved April 9, 2007.
"Cougars vs. coyotes photos draw Internet crowd". missoulian.com. 2013. Archived from the original on April 11, 2013. Retrieved April 8, 2013.
Hamdig, Paul. "Sympatric Jaguar and Puma". Ecology Online Sweden. Archived from the original on July 16, 2006. Retrieved August 30, 2006.
Soria-Díaz, L.; Monroy-Vilchis, O. & Zarco-González, Z. (2016). "Activity pattern of puma (Puma concolor) and its main prey in central Mexico". Animal Biology. 66: 13–20. doi:10.1163/15707563-00002487. Archived from the original on May 5, 2024. Retrieved April 24, 2024.
Hernández-Saintmartín, A.D.; Rosas-Rosas, O.C.; Palacio-Núñez, J.; Tarango-Arámbula, L.A.; Clemente-Sánchez, F. & Hoogesteijn, A.L. (2013). "Activity patterns of jaguar, puma and their potential prey in San Luis Potosí, Mexico". Acta Zoológica Mexicana. 29 (3). Archived from the original on April 20, 2024. Retrieved April 20, 2024.
Cougar Discussion Group (1999). "Utah Cougar Management Plan (Draft)" (PDF). Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 16, 2007. Retrieved May 2, 2007.
Cougar Discussion Group (1999). "Utah Cougar Management Plan (Draft)" (PDF). Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 16, 2007. Retrieved May 2, 2007.
"Cougars in Canada (Just the Facts)". Canadian Geographic Magazine. Archived from the original on August 20, 2007. Retrieved April 2, 2007.
Nowell, K. & Jackson, P. (1996). "Wild Cats. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan" (PDF). IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 7, 2007. Retrieved July 27, 2007.
Hamilton, M.; Hundt, P.; Piorkowski, R. "Mountain Lions". University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point. Archived from the original on June 13, 2007. Retrieved May 10, 2007.
Hamilton, M.; Hundt, P.; Piorkowski, R. "Mountain Lions". University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point. Archived from the original on June 13, 2007. Retrieved May 10, 2007.
"Eastern Cougar". Endangered and Threatened Species of the Southeastern United States (The Red Book). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1991. Archived from the original on April 3, 2007. Retrieved May 20, 2007.
"Florida Panther". Endangered and Threatened Species of the Southeastern United States (The Red Book). United States Fish and Wildlife Service. 1993. Archived from the original on June 4, 2007. Retrieved June 7, 2007.
"Texas Mountain Lion Conservation Project". Balanced Ecology Inc. 2007–2013. Archived from the original on July 29, 2020. Retrieved January 18, 2010.
"Mountain lion caught on camera in Tesoro Viejo in Madera County". ABC30 Fresno. November 20, 2023. Archived from the original on November 21, 2023. Retrieved November 21, 2023.
"Safety Guide to Cougars". Environmental Stewardship Division. Government of British Columbia, Ministry of Environment. 1991. Archived from the original on August 23, 2007. Retrieved May 28, 2007.
Beier, Paul (1991). "Cougar attacks on humans in the United States and Canada". Wildlife Society Bulletin. Northern Arizona University. Archived from the original on June 22, 2012. Retrieved May 20, 2007.
"Confirmed mountain lion attacks in the United States and Canada 1890 – present". Arizona Game and Fish Department. Archived from the original on May 18, 2007. Retrieved May 20, 2007.
"Mountain Lions in California". California Department of Fish and Game. 2004. Archived from the original on April 30, 2007. Retrieved May 20, 2007.
Razek, Raja; Flynn, Jessica (March 25, 2024). "First fatal mountain lion attack in California in 20 years leaves one man dead, brother injured, authorities say". CTV News. Archived from the original on March 25, 2024. Retrieved March 25, 2024.
Dowd, Katie; Bartlett, Amanda. "Mountain lion kills man in Northern California for first time in 30 years". SFGATE. Archived from the original on March 28, 2024. Retrieved March 28, 2024.
Fisher, Michelle (May 21, 2018). "Victim in Deadly Washington State Cougar Attack Had Boston Ties". CBS BOston. Archived from the original on May 23, 2018. Retrieved May 23, 2018.
New Mexico Department of Game and Fish: Search continues for mountain lion that killed Pinos Altos man, June 23, 2008; Wounded mountain lion captured, killed near Pinos Altos, June 25, 2008; Second mountain lion captured near Pinos Altos, July 1, 2008
Subramanian, Sushma (April 14, 2009). "Should You Run or Freeze When You See a Mountain Lion?". Scientific American. Archived from the original on March 19, 2011. Retrieved March 10, 2012.
"Neighbor saves Miami teen from cougar". NBC News. Associated Press. November 16, 2008. Archived from the original on September 23, 2020. Retrieved February 11, 2012.
"2-Year-Old Boy Hurt In Pet Cougar Attack". The New York Times. June 4, 1995. Archived from the original on June 25, 2017.
Williams, Terrie M. (November 6, 2014) "As species decline, so does research funding" Archived November 9, 2014, at the Wayback Machine Los Angeles Times
Chébez, J. C.; Nigro, R. Á. "Aportes preliminaares para un plan de conservación y manejo del Puma (Puma concolor) en la República Argentina" (PDF) (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on February 26, 2018. Retrieved February 23, 2018.
Azara, F. d. (1838). The Natural History of the Quadrupeds of Paraguay and the River la Plata. Edinburgh, Scotland: Adam and Charles Black. pp. 207–208. Archived from the original on May 5, 2024. Retrieved June 6, 2020. I have not heard that they have assaulted or attempted to assault man, nor dogs and boys, even when it encounters them asleep
Faletti, Dra. Alicia (2013). "Caso Ignacio Terán Luna". Revista Química Viva (in Spanish). 12 (2). ISSN 1666-7948. Archived from the original on February 20, 2018. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
Redacción (2012). "Un puma mató a una pastora en Salta". Diario Río Negro (in Spanish). Archived from the original on November 30, 2021. Retrieved November 30, 2021.
Portelli, C.M.; Eveling, C.R.; Lamas, J.; Mamaní, P.J. (2012). "Ataque fatal en humano, por puma (Puma concolor)". Cuadernos de Medicina Forense (in Spanish). 18 (3–4): 139–142. doi:10.4321/S1135-76062012000300008. Archived from the original on February 26, 2018. Retrieved February 26, 2018.
Contreras, E. (2020). "Expertos tras eventual ataque de un puma en Corral: 'Es inusual, no buscan enfrentar a los humanos'". Radio Bío-Bío (in Spanish). Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
"Cattle report 1990" (PDF). National Agricultural Statistics Service. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 8, 2011. Retrieved September 11, 2009.
"Sheep and Goats report 1990" (PDF). National Agricultural Statistics Service. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 8, 2011. Retrieved September 11, 2009.
"Cougar Predation – Description". Procedures for Evaluating Predation on Livestock and Wildlife. Archived from the original on January 11, 2011. Retrieved August 3, 2008.
Tarmo, Kulmar. "On the role of Creation and Origin Myths in the Development of Inca State and Religion". Electronic Journal of Folklore. Kait Realo (translator). Estonian Folklore Institute. Archived from the original on June 30, 2007. Retrieved May 22, 2007.
"Cougars"; Archived April 21, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. The Encyclopedia of Hočąk (Winnebago) Mythology. Retrieved: 2009/12/08.
"Living with Wildlife: Cougars" (PDF). USDA Wildlife Services. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 20, 2009. Retrieved April 11, 2009.

wildlife.org

Kobilinsky, Dana (March 9, 2023). "Rising oryx numbers may distress New Mexico ecosystem". The Wildlife Society. Archived from the original on March 11, 2023. Retrieved March 12, 2023.
"JWM: Cougars prey on feral horses in the Great Basin". August 20, 2021. Archived from the original on May 10, 2023. Retrieved May 10, 2023.
"Do cougars affect ecosystems by preying on feral donkeys?". May 10, 2023. Archived from the original on May 10, 2023. Retrieved May 10, 2023.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). "Species Puma concolor". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 544–545. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
Rau, J. R. & Jiménez, J. E. (2002). "Diet of puma (Puma concolor, Carnivora: Felidae) in coastal and Andean ranges of southern Chile". Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment. 37 (3): 201–205. Bibcode:2002SNFE...37..201R. doi:10.1076/snfe.37.3.201.8567. ISSN 0165-0521. S2CID 84264487.
Faletti, Dra. Alicia (2013). "Caso Ignacio Terán Luna". Revista Química Viva (in Spanish). 12 (2). ISSN 1666-7948. Archived from the original on February 20, 2018. Retrieved February 16, 2018.

wur.nl

library.wur.nl

Hornocker, Maurice (2010). Cougar : ecology and conservation. Chicago [etc.] : University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0226353449.

yellowstonenationalpark.com

"Wildlife: Wolves". Yellowstone National Park. Archived from the original on April 20, 2007. Retrieved April 8, 2007.
* Akenson, H.; Akenson, J.; Quigley, H. "Winter predation and interactions of Wolves and Cougars on Panther Creek in Central Idaho". Archived from the original on April 20, 2007.
* Oakleaf, John K.; Mack, C.; Murray, D. L. "Winter predation and interactions of Cougars and Wolves in the Central Idaho Wilderness". Archived from the original on April 20, 2007.

zenodo.org

Johnson, W. E.; Eizirik, E.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; Murphy, W. J.; Antunes, A.; Teeling, E. & O'Brien, S. J. (2006). "The Late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment". Science. 311 (5757): 73–77. Bibcode:2006Sci...311...73J. doi:10.1126/science.1122277. PMID 16400146. S2CID 41672825. Archived from the original on October 4, 2020. Retrieved July 12, 2019.