Countercurrent exchange (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Countercurrent exchange" in English language version.

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asnjournals.org

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The original lecture was published in 1951 in German. According to a book on Jewish scientists under the Reich Kuhn theorized and studied this mechanism already in the early 1940s. This was confirmed in 2001 in the translation to the original lecture published with remarks by Professor Bart Hargitay, then one of the two former student aids. Harbitay says: Before settling in Basel, Kuhn did some very fundamental work in Kiel, separating isotopes in a centrifuge. This caused him to be fascinated with the effect of countercurrents in multiplying a very small single effect to significant separations. (Journal of the American Society of Nephrology website)

caltech.edu

authors.library.caltech.edu

Benzer Seymour (1967). "Behavioral Mutants Of Drosophila Isolated By Countercurrent Distribution" (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 58 (3): 1112–1119. Bibcode:1967PNAS...58.1112B. doi:10.1073/pnas.58.3.1112. PMC 335755. PMID 16578662.

colorado.edu

See the countercurrent multiplier animation Archived 2011-06-06 at the Wayback Machine at the University of Colorado website.

doi.org

Hsuan Jung Huang, Peixin He, Faulkner Larry R (1986). "Current multiplier for use with ultramicroelectrodes". Analytical Chemistry. 58 (13): 2889–2891. doi:10.1021/ac00126a070.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Gottschalk, C. W.; Mylle, M. (1958), "Evidence that the mammalian nephron functions as a countercurrent multiplier system", Science, 128 (3324): 594, Bibcode:1958Sci...128..594G, doi:10.1126/science.128.3324.594, PMID 13580223, S2CID 44770468.
Gottschalk, C. W.; Mylle, M. (1959), "Micropuncture study of the mammalian urinary concentrating mechanism: evidence for the countercurrent hypothesis", American Journal of Physiology, 196 (4): 927–936, doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1959.196.4.927, PMID 13637248. See also History of the urinary concentrating mechanism an article in 'Kidney'—the Journal of International Society of Nephrology, where Prof. Gottschalk points to the heated debate prior to the acceptance of the theory of the countercurrent multiplier action of the kidney
Schmidt-Nielsen, Knut (1981). "Countercurrent systems in animals". Scientific American. 244 (May): 118–128. Bibcode:1981SciAm.244e.118S. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0581-118. PMID 7233149.
Scholander, P. F. (1957). "The wonderful net". Scientific American. 196 (April): 96–110. Bibcode:1957SciAm.196d..96S. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0457-96.
Schmidt-Nielsen, Knut; Fange, Ragnar (July 1958). "The Function of the Salt Gland in the Brown Pelican". The Auk. 75 (3): 282–289. doi:10.2307/4081974. ISSN 0004-8038. JSTOR 4081974.
Schmidt-Nielsen, Knut (1959). "SALT GLANDS". Scientific American. 200 (1): 109–119. Bibcode:1959SciAm.200a.109S. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0159-109. ISSN 0036-8733. JSTOR 24944892. PMID 13624738.
Benzer Seymour (1967). "Behavioral Mutants Of Drosophila Isolated By Countercurrent Distribution" (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 58 (3): 1112–1119. Bibcode:1967PNAS...58.1112B. doi:10.1073/pnas.58.3.1112. PMC 335755. PMID 16578662.
Dusenbery David B (1973). "Countercurrent separation: A new method for studying behavior of small aquatic organisms". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 70 (5): 1349–1352. Bibcode:1973PNAS...70.1349D. doi:10.1073/pnas.70.5.1349. PMC 433494. PMID 4514305.
Dusenbery David B., Sheridan Robert E., Russell Richard L. (1975). "Chemotaxis-Defective Mutants of the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans". Genetics. 80 (2): 297–309. doi:10.1093/genetics/80.2.297. PMC 1213328. PMID 1132687.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

eku.edu

people.eku.edu

Ritchison, Gary. "Avian osmoregulation". Archived from the original on 19 December 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2011.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Gottschalk, C. W.; Mylle, M. (1958), "Evidence that the mammalian nephron functions as a countercurrent multiplier system", Science, 128 (3324): 594, Bibcode:1958Sci...128..594G, doi:10.1126/science.128.3324.594, PMID 13580223, S2CID 44770468.
Schmidt-Nielsen, Knut (1981). "Countercurrent systems in animals". Scientific American. 244 (May): 118–128. Bibcode:1981SciAm.244e.118S. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0581-118. PMID 7233149.
Scholander, P. F. (1957). "The wonderful net". Scientific American. 196 (April): 96–110. Bibcode:1957SciAm.196d..96S. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0457-96.
Schmidt-Nielsen, Knut (1959). "SALT GLANDS". Scientific American. 200 (1): 109–119. Bibcode:1959SciAm.200a.109S. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0159-109. ISSN 0036-8733. JSTOR 24944892. PMID 13624738.
Benzer Seymour (1967). "Behavioral Mutants Of Drosophila Isolated By Countercurrent Distribution" (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 58 (3): 1112–1119. Bibcode:1967PNAS...58.1112B. doi:10.1073/pnas.58.3.1112. PMC 335755. PMID 16578662.
Dusenbery David B (1973). "Countercurrent separation: A new method for studying behavior of small aquatic organisms". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 70 (5): 1349–1352. Bibcode:1973PNAS...70.1349D. doi:10.1073/pnas.70.5.1349. PMC 433494. PMID 4514305.

isbnlib.com

The original lecture was published in 1951 in German. According to a book on Jewish scientists under the Reich Kuhn theorized and studied this mechanism already in the early 1940s. This was confirmed in 2001 in the translation to the original lecture published with remarks by Professor Bart Hargitay, then one of the two former student aids. Harbitay says: Before settling in Basel, Kuhn did some very fundamental work in Kiel, separating isotopes in a centrifuge. This caused him to be fascinated with the effect of countercurrents in multiplying a very small single effect to significant separations. (Journal of the American Society of Nephrology website)

jstor.org

Schmidt-Nielsen, Knut; Fange, Ragnar (July 1958). "The Function of the Salt Gland in the Brown Pelican". The Auk. 75 (3): 282–289. doi:10.2307/4081974. ISSN 0004-8038. JSTOR 4081974.
Schmidt-Nielsen, Knut (1959). "SALT GLANDS". Scientific American. 200 (1): 109–119. Bibcode:1959SciAm.200a.109S. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0159-109. ISSN 0036-8733. JSTOR 24944892. PMID 13624738.

nature.com

Gottschalk, C. W.; Mylle, M. (1959), "Micropuncture study of the mammalian urinary concentrating mechanism: evidence for the countercurrent hypothesis", American Journal of Physiology, 196 (4): 927–936, doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1959.196.4.927, PMID 13637248. See also History of the urinary concentrating mechanism an article in 'Kidney'—the Journal of International Society of Nephrology, where Prof. Gottschalk points to the heated debate prior to the acceptance of the theory of the countercurrent multiplier action of the kidney

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Gottschalk, C. W.; Mylle, M. (1958), "Evidence that the mammalian nephron functions as a countercurrent multiplier system", Science, 128 (3324): 594, Bibcode:1958Sci...128..594G, doi:10.1126/science.128.3324.594, PMID 13580223, S2CID 44770468.
Gottschalk, C. W.; Mylle, M. (1959), "Micropuncture study of the mammalian urinary concentrating mechanism: evidence for the countercurrent hypothesis", American Journal of Physiology, 196 (4): 927–936, doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1959.196.4.927, PMID 13637248. See also History of the urinary concentrating mechanism an article in 'Kidney'—the Journal of International Society of Nephrology, where Prof. Gottschalk points to the heated debate prior to the acceptance of the theory of the countercurrent multiplier action of the kidney
Schmidt-Nielsen, Knut (1981). "Countercurrent systems in animals". Scientific American. 244 (May): 118–128. Bibcode:1981SciAm.244e.118S. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0581-118. PMID 7233149.
Schmidt-Nielsen, Knut (1959). "SALT GLANDS". Scientific American. 200 (1): 109–119. Bibcode:1959SciAm.200a.109S. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0159-109. ISSN 0036-8733. JSTOR 24944892. PMID 13624738.
Benzer Seymour (1967). "Behavioral Mutants Of Drosophila Isolated By Countercurrent Distribution" (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 58 (3): 1112–1119. Bibcode:1967PNAS...58.1112B. doi:10.1073/pnas.58.3.1112. PMC 335755. PMID 16578662.
Dusenbery David B (1973). "Countercurrent separation: A new method for studying behavior of small aquatic organisms". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 70 (5): 1349–1352. Bibcode:1973PNAS...70.1349D. doi:10.1073/pnas.70.5.1349. PMC 433494. PMID 4514305.
Dusenbery David B., Sheridan Robert E., Russell Richard L. (1975). "Chemotaxis-Defective Mutants of the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans". Genetics. 80 (2): 297–309. doi:10.1093/genetics/80.2.297. PMC 1213328. PMID 1132687.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Benzer Seymour (1967). "Behavioral Mutants Of Drosophila Isolated By Countercurrent Distribution" (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 58 (3): 1112–1119. Bibcode:1967PNAS...58.1112B. doi:10.1073/pnas.58.3.1112. PMC 335755. PMID 16578662.
Dusenbery David B (1973). "Countercurrent separation: A new method for studying behavior of small aquatic organisms". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 70 (5): 1349–1352. Bibcode:1973PNAS...70.1349D. doi:10.1073/pnas.70.5.1349. PMC 433494. PMID 4514305.
Dusenbery David B., Sheridan Robert E., Russell Richard L. (1975). "Chemotaxis-Defective Mutants of the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans". Genetics. 80 (2): 297–309. doi:10.1093/genetics/80.2.297. PMC 1213328. PMID 1132687.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Gottschalk, C. W.; Mylle, M. (1958), "Evidence that the mammalian nephron functions as a countercurrent multiplier system", Science, 128 (3324): 594, Bibcode:1958Sci...128..594G, doi:10.1126/science.128.3324.594, PMID 13580223, S2CID 44770468.

theliquidphase.org

"TheLiquidPhase". Archived from the original on 5 September 2008. Retrieved 16 April 2011.

uic.edu

tigger.uic.edu

"Countercurrent Chromatography". University of Illinois at Chicago. Retrieved 16 April 2011.

web.archive.org

See the countercurrent multiplier animation Archived 2011-06-06 at the Wayback Machine at the University of Colorado website.
Ritchison, Gary. "Avian osmoregulation". Archived from the original on 19 December 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2011.
"TheLiquidPhase". Archived from the original on 5 September 2008. Retrieved 16 April 2011.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Schmidt-Nielsen, Knut; Fange, Ragnar (July 1958). "The Function of the Salt Gland in the Brown Pelican". The Auk. 75 (3): 282–289. doi:10.2307/4081974. ISSN 0004-8038. JSTOR 4081974.
Schmidt-Nielsen, Knut (1959). "SALT GLANDS". Scientific American. 200 (1): 109–119. Bibcode:1959SciAm.200a.109S. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0159-109. ISSN 0036-8733. JSTOR 24944892. PMID 13624738.