Criticism of credit scoring systems in the United States (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Criticism of credit scoring systems in the United States" in English language version.

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ajc.com

Yamil Berard (February 19, 2019), "Credit errors upend lives of thousands of consumers", The Atlanta Journal-Constitution

apple.com

podcasts.apple.com

Ana Kasparian and Jen Pan (June 5, 2021). "Weekends: Anti-Populism and the Wuhan Lab-Leak Hypothesis w/ Thomas Frank" (Podcast). Jacobin.

archive.today

Credit scores are supposed to be race-neutral. That's impossible., October 16, 2020, archived from the original on October 18, 2020

bloomberg.com

"Credit Scores: Not-So-Magic Numbers" Business Week, February 7, 2008.

books.google.com

Collective Debt (June 23, 2020). Can't Pay, Won't Pay: The Case for Economic Disobedience and Debt Abolition. Haymarket Books. ISBN 978-1-64259-382-2.
Prasad, Monica (December 31, 2012), The Land of Too Much: American Abundance and the Paradox of Poverty, United States: Harvard University Press, pp. 233–235, ISBN 9780674067813 – via Google Books
Hacker, Jacob S. (October 9, 2006), The Great Risk Shift: The New Economic Insecurity and the Decline of the American Dream: The Assault on American Jobs, Families, Health Care and Retirement And How You Can Fight Back, United States: Oxford University Press, ISBN 9780195179507 – via Google Books^{[page needed]}

channelnewsasia.com

Tom McGregor (March 2, 2019), Commentary: Actually, China's social credit system isn't the first, Channel News Asia

charlotteobserver.com

Kevin G. Hall (July 26, 2015), "Hispanics face hurdles in access to credit, mortgages", The Charlotte Observer

ciaonet.org

Matt Fellowes, Brookings Inst., Credit Scores, Reports, and Getting Ahead in America 9-10 (May 2006) https://www.ciaonet.org/attachments/2800/uploads

cnbc.com

Democrats and Republicans in Congress agree: The system that determines credit scores is 'broken', February 27, 2019
Does checking your credit score lower it? Plus 12 other common credit score myths debunked, January 28, 2021
Can employers see your credit score? How to prepare for what they actually see when they run a credit check, August 27, 2020
Annie Nova (April 19, 2018), Why buying a home can be almost impossible with massive student loan debt, CNBC
Aaron Klein (September 27, 2017), The real problem with credit reports is the astounding number of errors, CNBC

consumerfinance.gov

files.consumerfinance.gov

Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Analysis of Differences Between Consumer- and Creditor-Purchased Credit Scores, at 18, Sept. 2012, http://files.consumerfinance.gov/f/201209_Analysis_Differences_Consumer_Credit.pdf
The CFPB Office of Research (May 2015), Data Point: Credit Invisibles (PDF), Consumer Financial Protection Bureau

debtcollective.org

Alone our debts are a burden. Together they make us powerful.

doi.org

Marion Fourcade and Kieran Healy (2013), "Classification situations: Life-chances in the neoliberal era", Accounting, Organizations and Society, 38 (8): 559–572, doi:10.1016/j.aos.2013.11.002, hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0014-C967-4
Karen Li Xan Wong and Amy Shields Dobson (2019), "We're just data: Exploring China's social credit system in relation to digital platform ratings cultures in Westernised democracies", Global Media and China, 4 (2): 220–232, doi:10.1177/2059436419856090, hdl:20.500.11937/81128, S2CID 197785198
Jonathan Cinnamon (2017), "Social Injustice in Surveillance Capitalism", Surveillance & Society, 15 (5): 609–625, doi:10.24908/ss.v15i5.6433, hdl:10871/30595
Donncha Marron (2013), "Governing Poverty in a Neoliberal Age: New Labour and the Case of Financial Exclusion", New Political Economy, 18 (6): 785–810, doi:10.1080/13563467.2012.753043, S2CID 205779277
Donncha Marron (2007), "'Lending by numbers': credit scoring and the constitution of risk within American consumer credit", Economy and Society, 36 (1): 103–133, doi:10.1080/03085140601089846, S2CID 154718544
George Ritzer (1995), Expressing America: A Critique of the Global Credit Card Society, SAGE Publications, Inc., doi:10.4135/9781452243115, ISBN 9780803990449
Lisa Peñaloza and Michelle Barnhart (2011), "Living U.S. Capitalism: The Normalization of Credit/Debt", Journal of Consumer Research, 38 (4): 743–762, doi:10.1086/660116, S2CID 145117956
Kirsten E. Martin (2015), "Data Aggregators, Consumer Data, and Responsibility Online: Who is Tracking Consumers Online and Should They Stop", The Information Society, 32 (1): 51–63, doi:10.1080/01972243.2015.1107166, S2CID 205509140
Marion Fourcade & Kieran Healy (2017), "Seeing like a market", Socio-Economic Review, 15 (1): 9–29, doi:10.1093/ser/mww033

federalreserve.gov

Robert B. Avery, Paul S. Calem, & Glenn B. Canner, Credit Report Accuracy and Access to Credit, Federal Reserve Bulletin (Summer 2004) https://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/bulletin/2004/summer04_credit.pdf.
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Report to the Congress on Credit Scoring and Its Effects on the Availability and Affordability of Credit 80-81 (Aug. 2007) http://www.federalreserve.gov/boarddocs/rptcongress/creditscore/creditscore.pdf

filesforprogress.org

Tamara K. Nopper (August 2020), Alternative Data and the Future of Credit Scoring (PDF), Data For Progress

forbes.com

From Inherent Racial Bias to Incorrect Data—The Problems With Current Credit Scoring Models, February 26, 2021
Diana Hembree (November 1, 2018), "New Report Finds Student Debt Burden Has 'Disastrous Domino Effect' On Millions Of Americans", Forbes

ftc.gov

consumer.ftc.gov

Federal Trade Commission (May 2021), Getting Utility Services: Why Your Credit Matters, Federal Trade Commission

ftc.gov

Federal Trade Commission, CreditBased Insurance Scores: Impacts on Consumers of Automobile Insurance 3 (July 2007) https://www.ftc.gov/sites/default/files/documents/reports/credit-based-insurance5^{[permanent dead link‍]} scores-impacts-consumers-automobile-insurance-report-congress-federaltrade/p044804facta_report_credit-based_insurance_scores.pdf

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Marion Fourcade and Kieran Healy (2013), "Classification situations: Life-chances in the neoliberal era", Accounting, Organizations and Society, 38 (8): 559–572, doi:10.1016/j.aos.2013.11.002, hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0014-C967-4
Karen Li Xan Wong and Amy Shields Dobson (2019), "We're just data: Exploring China's social credit system in relation to digital platform ratings cultures in Westernised democracies", Global Media and China, 4 (2): 220–232, doi:10.1177/2059436419856090, hdl:20.500.11937/81128, S2CID 197785198
Jonathan Cinnamon (2017), "Social Injustice in Surveillance Capitalism", Surveillance & Society, 15 (5): 609–625, doi:10.24908/ss.v15i5.6433, hdl:10871/30595

harvard.edu

jchs.harvard.edu

Bostic, Raphael W.; Calem, Paul S.; Wachter, Susan M. (February 2004). Hitting the Wall: Credit As an Impediment to Homeownership (PDF). Building Assets, Building Credit: A Symposium on Improving Financial Services in Low-Income Communities. Joint Center for Housing Studies of Harvard University.

housingfinance.org

Freddie Mac, Automated Underwriting: Making Mortgage Lending Simpler and Fairer for America's Families (Sept. 1996) http://www.housingfinance.org/uploads/Publicationsmanager/9706_Aut.pdf Archived September 14, 2016, at the Wayback Machine.

jacobinmag.com

There's No Such Thing as a Good Debtor, September 20, 2020

market360online.com

Fair, Isaac & Co., The Effectiveness of Scoring on Low-toModerate Income and High-Black Indigenous and people of color [BIPOC] Area Populations 22, Fig. 9 (Aug. 1997) http://market360online.com/sqlimages/1261/36693.pdf^{[dead link‍]}

mo.gov

insurance.mo.gov

Brent Kabler, Missouri Department of Insurance, Insurance-Based Credit Scores: Impact on Black Indigenous and people of color [BIPOC] and Low Income Populations in Missouri (Jan. 2004) https://insurance.mo.gov/reports/credscore.pdf

morningconsult.com

Anna Gronewold (September 20, 2017), Poll: U.S. Consumers Back New Laws, Class-Action Suits After Equifax Hack, Morning Consult

myfico.com

"How Payment History Impacts Your Credit Score – myFICO". www.myfico.com.

nclc.org

Past Imperfect: How Credit Scores and Other Analytics "Bake In" and Perpetuate Past Discrimination (PDF), May 2016
Don't Add Insult to Injury: Medical Debt & Credit Reports (PDF), National Consumer Law Center, November 2019
Credit Invisibility and Alternative Data: Promises and Perils, National Consumer Law Center, July 2019
Chi Chi Wu (June 2007), Credit Scoring and Insurance: Costing Consumers Billions and Perpetuating the Economic Racial Divide (PDF), National Consumer Law Center
Ariel Nelson (December 2019), Broken Records Redux: How errors by criminal background check companies continue to harm consumers seeking jobs and housing (PDF), National Consumer Law Center

ncsl.org

Legislatures, National Conference of State. "Use of Credit Information in Insurance 2011 Legislation". Archived from the original on June 23, 2013. Retrieved October 23, 2016.

nytimes.com

"Millions Need Not Apply". The New York Times, May 29, 2011.
Jessica Silver-Greenberg (December 25, 2012), "Perfect 10? Never Mind That. Ask Her for Her Credit Score.", The New York Times
"As a Hiring Filter, Credit Checks Draw Questions", The New York Times, April 9, 2010.
Natalie Kitroeff (June 6, 2014), "Young and in Debt in New York City", The New York Times
Ann Carrns (February 19, 2021), "More Consumers Complain About Errors on Their Credit Reports", The New York Times

predictiveanalyticstoday.com

Versium Predictive Scores and Datafinder, May 22, 2022

ramseysolutions.com

Ramsey Solutions (April 28, 2021), UltraFICO: Ultra Ridiculous, Lampo Licensing, LLC.

sagepub.com

journals.sagepub.com

Karen Li Xan Wong and Amy Shields Dobson (2019), "We're just data: Exploring China's social credit system in relation to digital platform ratings cultures in Westernised democracies", Global Media and China, 4 (2): 220–232, doi:10.1177/2059436419856090, hdl:20.500.11937/81128, S2CID 197785198

sciencedirect.com

Marion Fourcade and Kieran Healy (2013), "Classification situations: Life-chances in the neoliberal era", Accounting, Organizations and Society, 38 (8): 559–572, doi:10.1016/j.aos.2013.11.002, hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0014-C967-4

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Karen Li Xan Wong and Amy Shields Dobson (2019), "We're just data: Exploring China's social credit system in relation to digital platform ratings cultures in Westernised democracies", Global Media and China, 4 (2): 220–232, doi:10.1177/2059436419856090, hdl:20.500.11937/81128, S2CID 197785198
Donncha Marron (2013), "Governing Poverty in a Neoliberal Age: New Labour and the Case of Financial Exclusion", New Political Economy, 18 (6): 785–810, doi:10.1080/13563467.2012.753043, S2CID 205779277
Donncha Marron (2007), "'Lending by numbers': credit scoring and the constitution of risk within American consumer credit", Economy and Society, 36 (1): 103–133, doi:10.1080/03085140601089846, S2CID 154718544
Lisa Peñaloza and Michelle Barnhart (2011), "Living U.S. Capitalism: The Normalization of Credit/Debt", Journal of Consumer Research, 38 (4): 743–762, doi:10.1086/660116, S2CID 145117956
Kirsten E. Martin (2015), "Data Aggregators, Consumer Data, and Responsibility Online: Who is Tracking Consumers Online and Should They Stop", The Information Society, 32 (1): 51–63, doi:10.1080/01972243.2015.1107166, S2CID 205509140

southerncalifornialawreview.com

Christopher K. Odinet (2019), "The New Data of Student Debt" (PDF), 92 Southern California Law Review

state.nj.us

"What is a Credit Score?".

texas.gov

tdi.texas.gov

Report to the 79th Legislature--Use of Credit Information by Insurers in Texas (PDF). Texas Department of Insurance (Report). December 30, 2004. Retrieved January 29, 2022.

theatlantic.com

How Algorithms Can Bring Down Minorities' Credit Scores

theguardian.com

Ludwig, Sarah (October 13, 2015), "Credit scores in America perpetuate racial injustice. Here's how", The Guardian

time.com

Sean Trainor (July 22, 2015), "The Long, Twisted History of Your Credit Score", Time

txcn.com

Credit scores didn't fail in screening applicants for subprime loans Archived July 23, 2011, at the Wayback Machine(April 7, 2008)By Pamela Yip / The Dallas Morning News

uga.edu

news.uga.edu

J. Merritt Melancon (May 17, 2022), How social media posts could affect credit scores, University of Georgia

vice.com

Rose Eveleth (June 13, 2019), "Credit Scores Could Soon Get Even Creepier and More Biased", Vice
Jordan Pearson (February 2, 2017), "AI Could Resurrect a Racist Housing Policy", Vice

washingtonpost.com

Credit scores are supposed to be race-neutral. That's impossible., October 16, 2020, archived from the original on October 18, 2020

web.archive.org

Legislatures, National Conference of State. "Use of Credit Information in Insurance 2011 Legislation". Archived from the original on June 23, 2013. Retrieved October 23, 2016.
Freddie Mac, Automated Underwriting: Making Mortgage Lending Simpler and Fairer for America's Families (Sept. 1996) http://www.housingfinance.org/uploads/Publicationsmanager/9706_Aut.pdf Archived September 14, 2016, at the Wayback Machine.
Credit scores didn't fail in screening applicants for subprime loans Archived July 23, 2011, at the Wayback Machine(April 7, 2008)By Pamela Yip / The Dallas Morning News
"Credit Scores: Not-So-Magic Numbers" Business Week, February 7, 2008.

website-files.com

assets-global.website-files.com

Buried in Debt A national survey report on the state of student loan borrowers in 2018 (PDF), Summer & Student Debt Crisis, November 1, 2018

woodstockinst.org

Sarah Duda & Geoff Smith, Woodstock Institute, Bridging the Gap: Credit Scores and Economic Opportunity in Illinois Communities of Color 8 (Sept. 2010), http://www.woodstockinst.org/sites/default/files/attachments/bridgingthegapcreditscore^{[permanent dead link‍]} s_sept2010_smithduda.pdf