Cronbach's alpha (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Cronbach's alpha" in English language version.

refsWebsite

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36doi.org

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16semanticscholar.org

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16nih.gov

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11web.archive.org

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6worldcat.org

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3apa.org

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2handle.net

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2upenn.edu

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1wiley.com

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1virginia.edu

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1youtube.com

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1tilburguniversity.edu

low place

1ntu.ac.uk

low place

1personality-project.org

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1mvsoft.com

low place

apa.org

doi.apa.org

Cortina, Jose M. (1993). "What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications". Journal of Applied Psychology. 78 (1): 98–104. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.78.1.98. ISSN 1939-1854. Archived from the original on 2023-08-13. Retrieved 2022-10-21.
Waller, Niels; Revelle, William (2023-05-25). "What are the mathematical bounds for coefficient α?". Psychological Methods. doi:10.1037/met0000583. ISSN 1939-1463.

dictionary.apa.org

"APA Dictionary of Psychology". dictionary.apa.org. Archived from the original on 2019-07-31. Retrieved 2023-02-20.

doi.org

Cronbach, Lee J. (1951). "Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests". Psychometrika. 16 (3). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 297–334. doi:10.1007/bf02310555. hdl:10983/2196. S2CID 13820448.
Cho, Eunseong (2016-07-08). "Making Reliability Reliable". Organizational Research Methods. 19 (4). SAGE Publications: 651–682. doi:10.1177/1094428116656239. ISSN 1094-4281. S2CID 124129255.
Sijtsma, K. (2009). "On the use, the misuse, and the very limited usefulness of Cronbach's alpha". Psychometrika. 74 (1): 107–120. doi:10.1007/s11336-008-9101-0. PMC 2792363. PMID 20037639.
Green, S. B.; Yang, Y. (2009). "Commentary on coefficient alpha: A cautionary tale". Psychometrika. 74 (1): 121–135. doi:10.1007/s11336-008-9098-4. S2CID 122718353.
Revelle, W.; Zinbarg, R. E. (2009). "Coefficients alpha, beta, omega, and the glb: Comments on Sijtsma". Psychometrika. 74 (1): 145–154. doi:10.1007/s11336-008-9102-z. S2CID 5864489.
Cho, E.; Kim, S. (2015). "Cronbach's coefficient alpha: Well known but poorly understood". Organizational Research Methods (2): 207–230. doi:10.1177/1094428114555994. S2CID 124810308.
Raykov, T.; Marcoulides, G. A. (2017). "Thanks coefficient alpha, we still need you!". Educational and Psychological Measurement. 79 (1): 200–210. doi:10.1177/0013164417725127. PMC 6318747. PMID 30636788.
Cronbach, L. J.; Shavelson, R. J. (2004). "My Current Thoughts on Coefficient Alpha and Successor Procedures". Educational and Psychological Measurement. 64 (3): 391–418. doi:10.1177/0013164404266386. S2CID 51846704.
Cronbach, L.J. (1951). "Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests". Psychometrika. 16 (3): 297–334. doi:10.1007/BF02310555. hdl:10983/2196. S2CID 13820448.
Hoyt, C. (1941). "Test reliability estimated by analysis of variance". Psychometrika. 6 (3): 153–160. doi:10.1007/BF02289270. S2CID 122361318.
Guttman, L. (1945). "A basis for analyzing test-retest reliability". Psychometrika. 10 (4): 255–282. doi:10.1007/BF02288892. PMID 21007983. S2CID 17220260.
Gulliksen, H. (1950). Theory of mental tests. Wiley. doi:10.1037/13240-000.
Novick, M. R.; Lewis, C. (1967). "Coefficient alpha and the reliability of composite measurements". Psychometrika. 32 (1): 1–13. doi:10.1007/BF02289400. PMID 5232569. S2CID 186226312.
Spiliotopoulou, Georgia (2009). "Reliability reconsidered: Cronbach's alpha and paediatric assessment in occupational therapy". Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. 56 (3): 150–155. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1630.2009.00785.x. PMID 20854508. Archived from the original on 2022-10-21. Retrieved 2022-10-21.
Cortina, Jose M. (1993). "What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications". Journal of Applied Psychology. 78 (1): 98–104. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.78.1.98. ISSN 1939-1854. Archived from the original on 2023-08-13. Retrieved 2022-10-21.
Cronbach, L. J. (1943). "On estimates of test reliability". Journal of Educational Psychology. 34 (8): 485–494. doi:10.1037/h0058608.
Waller, Niels; Revelle, William (2023-05-25). "What are the mathematical bounds for coefficient α?". Psychological Methods. doi:10.1037/met0000583. ISSN 1939-1463.
Cortina, J. M. (1993). "What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications". Journal of Applied Psychology. 78 (1): 98–104. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.78.1.98.
Green, S. B.; Lissitz, R. W.; Mulaik, S. A. (1977). "Limitations of coefficient alpha as an Index of test unidimensionality". Educational and Psychological Measurement. 37 (4): 827–838. doi:10.1177/001316447703700403. S2CID 122986180.
McDonald, R. P. (1981). "The dimensionality of tests and items". The British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology. 34 (1): 100–117. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1981.tb00621.x.
Schmitt, N. (1996). "Uses and abuses of coefficient alpha". Psychological Assessment. 8 (4): 350–3. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.8.4.350.
Ten Berge, J. M. F.; Sočan, G. (2004). "The greatest lower bound to the reliability of a test and the hypothesis of unidimensionality". Psychometrika. 69 (4): 613–625. doi:10.1007/BF02289858. S2CID 122674001.
Kopalle, P. K.; Lehmann, D. R. (1997). "Alpha inflation? The impact of eliminating scale items on Cronbach's alpha". Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 70 (3): 189–197. doi:10.1006/obhd.1997.2702.
Raykov, T. (2007). "Reliability if deleted, not 'alpha if deleted': Evaluation of scale reliability following component deletion". The British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology. 60 (2): 201–216. doi:10.1348/000711006X115954. PMID 17971267.
Lance, C. E.; Butts, M. M.; Michels, L. C. (2006). "What did they really say?". Organizational Research Methods. 9 (2): 202–220. doi:10.1177/1094428105284919. S2CID 144195175.
Loevinger, J. (1954). "The attenuation paradox in test theory". Psychological Bulletin. 51 (5): 493–504. doi:10.1002/j.2333-8504.1954.tb00485.x. PMID 13204488.
Humphreys, L. (1956). "The normal curve and the attenuation paradox in test theory". Psychological Bulletin. 53 (6): 472–6. doi:10.1037/h0041091. PMID 13370692.
Boyle, G. J. (1991). "Does item homogeneity indicate internal consistency or item redundancy in psychometric scales?". Personality and Individual Differences. 12 (3): 291–4. doi:10.1016/0191-8869(91)90115-R.
Streiner, D. L. (2003). "Starting at the beginning: An introduction to coefficient alpha and internal consistency". Journal of Personality Assessment. 80 (1): 99–103. doi:10.1207/S15327752JPA8001_18. PMID 12584072. S2CID 3679277.
Beatty, P.; Herrmann, D.; Puskar, C.; Kerwin, J. (July 1998). ""Don't know" responses in surveys: is what I know what you want to know and do I want you to know it?". Memory (Hove, England). 6 (4): 407–426. doi:10.1080/741942605. ISSN 0965-8211. PMID 9829099. Archived from the original on 2023-02-20. Retrieved 2023-02-20.
Peterson, R. A.; Kim, Y. (2013). "On the relationship between coefficient alpha and composite reliability". Journal of Applied Psychology. 98 (1): 194–8. doi:10.1037/a0030767. PMID 23127213.
Osburn, H. G. (2000). "Coefficient alpha and related internal consistency reliability coefficients". Psychological Methods. 5 (3): 343–355. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.5.3.343. PMID 11004872.
van der Ark, L. A.; van der Palm, D. W.; Sijtsma, K. (2011). "A latent class approach to estimating test-score reliability". Applied Psychological Measurement. 35 (5): 380–392. doi:10.1177/0146621610392911. S2CID 41739445. Archived from the original on 2023-08-13. Retrieved 2023-06-04.
Dunn, T. J.; Baguley, T.; Brunsden, V. (2014). "From alpha to omega: A practical solution to the pervasive problem of internal consistency estimation" (PDF). British Journal of Psychology. 105 (3): 399–412. doi:10.1111/bjop.12046. PMID 24844115. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-03-24. Retrieved 2023-06-04.
Yang, Y., & Green, S. B.Yanyun Yang; Green, Samuel B. (2011). "Coefficient alpha: A reliability coefficient for the 21st century?". Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment. 29 (4): 377–392. doi:10.1177/0734282911406668. S2CID 119926199.
Revelle, W. (1979). "Hierarchical cluster analysis and the internal structure of tests". Multivariate Behavioral Research. 14 (1): 57–74. doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr1401_4. PMID 26766619.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Cronbach, Lee J. (1951). "Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests". Psychometrika. 16 (3). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 297–334. doi:10.1007/bf02310555. hdl:10983/2196. S2CID 13820448.
Cronbach, L.J. (1951). "Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests". Psychometrika. 16 (3): 297–334. doi:10.1007/BF02310555. hdl:10983/2196. S2CID 13820448.

mvsoft.com

"Multivariate Software, Inc". www.mvsoft.com. Archived from the original on 2001-05-21.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Sijtsma, K. (2009). "On the use, the misuse, and the very limited usefulness of Cronbach's alpha". Psychometrika. 74 (1): 107–120. doi:10.1007/s11336-008-9101-0. PMC 2792363. PMID 20037639.
Raykov, T.; Marcoulides, G. A. (2017). "Thanks coefficient alpha, we still need you!". Educational and Psychological Measurement. 79 (1): 200–210. doi:10.1177/0013164417725127. PMC 6318747. PMID 30636788.
Guttman, L. (1945). "A basis for analyzing test-retest reliability". Psychometrika. 10 (4): 255–282. doi:10.1007/BF02288892. PMID 21007983. S2CID 17220260.
Novick, M. R.; Lewis, C. (1967). "Coefficient alpha and the reliability of composite measurements". Psychometrika. 32 (1): 1–13. doi:10.1007/BF02289400. PMID 5232569. S2CID 186226312.
Spiliotopoulou, Georgia (2009). "Reliability reconsidered: Cronbach's alpha and paediatric assessment in occupational therapy". Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. 56 (3): 150–155. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1630.2009.00785.x. PMID 20854508. Archived from the original on 2022-10-21. Retrieved 2022-10-21.
Raykov, T. (2007). "Reliability if deleted, not 'alpha if deleted': Evaluation of scale reliability following component deletion". The British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology. 60 (2): 201–216. doi:10.1348/000711006X115954. PMID 17971267.
Loevinger, J. (1954). "The attenuation paradox in test theory". Psychological Bulletin. 51 (5): 493–504. doi:10.1002/j.2333-8504.1954.tb00485.x. PMID 13204488.
Humphreys, L. (1956). "The normal curve and the attenuation paradox in test theory". Psychological Bulletin. 53 (6): 472–6. doi:10.1037/h0041091. PMID 13370692.
Streiner, D. L. (2003). "Starting at the beginning: An introduction to coefficient alpha and internal consistency". Journal of Personality Assessment. 80 (1): 99–103. doi:10.1207/S15327752JPA8001_18. PMID 12584072. S2CID 3679277.
Beatty, P.; Herrmann, D.; Puskar, C.; Kerwin, J. (July 1998). ""Don't know" responses in surveys: is what I know what you want to know and do I want you to know it?". Memory (Hove, England). 6 (4): 407–426. doi:10.1080/741942605. ISSN 0965-8211. PMID 9829099. Archived from the original on 2023-02-20. Retrieved 2023-02-20.
Peterson, R. A.; Kim, Y. (2013). "On the relationship between coefficient alpha and composite reliability". Journal of Applied Psychology. 98 (1): 194–8. doi:10.1037/a0030767. PMID 23127213.
Osburn, H. G. (2000). "Coefficient alpha and related internal consistency reliability coefficients". Psychological Methods. 5 (3): 343–355. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.5.3.343. PMID 11004872.
Dunn, T. J.; Baguley, T.; Brunsden, V. (2014). "From alpha to omega: A practical solution to the pervasive problem of internal consistency estimation" (PDF). British Journal of Psychology. 105 (3): 399–412. doi:10.1111/bjop.12046. PMID 24844115. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-03-24. Retrieved 2023-06-04.
Revelle, W. (1979). "Hierarchical cluster analysis and the internal structure of tests". Multivariate Behavioral Research. 14 (1): 57–74. doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr1401_4. PMID 26766619.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Sijtsma, K. (2009). "On the use, the misuse, and the very limited usefulness of Cronbach's alpha". Psychometrika. 74 (1): 107–120. doi:10.1007/s11336-008-9101-0. PMC 2792363. PMID 20037639.
Raykov, T.; Marcoulides, G. A. (2017). "Thanks coefficient alpha, we still need you!". Educational and Psychological Measurement. 79 (1): 200–210. doi:10.1177/0013164417725127. PMC 6318747. PMID 30636788.

ntu.ac.uk

irep.ntu.ac.uk

Dunn, T. J.; Baguley, T.; Brunsden, V. (2014). "From alpha to omega: A practical solution to the pervasive problem of internal consistency estimation" (PDF). British Journal of Psychology. 105 (3): 399–412. doi:10.1111/bjop.12046. PMID 24844115. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-03-24. Retrieved 2023-06-04.

personality-project.org

Revelle, William (7 January 2017). "An overview of the psych package" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 August 2020. Retrieved 23 April 2020.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Cronbach, Lee J. (1951). "Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests". Psychometrika. 16 (3). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 297–334. doi:10.1007/bf02310555. hdl:10983/2196. S2CID 13820448.
Cho, Eunseong (2016-07-08). "Making Reliability Reliable". Organizational Research Methods. 19 (4). SAGE Publications: 651–682. doi:10.1177/1094428116656239. ISSN 1094-4281. S2CID 124129255.
Green, S. B.; Yang, Y. (2009). "Commentary on coefficient alpha: A cautionary tale". Psychometrika. 74 (1): 121–135. doi:10.1007/s11336-008-9098-4. S2CID 122718353.
Revelle, W.; Zinbarg, R. E. (2009). "Coefficients alpha, beta, omega, and the glb: Comments on Sijtsma". Psychometrika. 74 (1): 145–154. doi:10.1007/s11336-008-9102-z. S2CID 5864489.
Cho, E.; Kim, S. (2015). "Cronbach's coefficient alpha: Well known but poorly understood". Organizational Research Methods (2): 207–230. doi:10.1177/1094428114555994. S2CID 124810308.
Cronbach, L. J.; Shavelson, R. J. (2004). "My Current Thoughts on Coefficient Alpha and Successor Procedures". Educational and Psychological Measurement. 64 (3): 391–418. doi:10.1177/0013164404266386. S2CID 51846704.
Cronbach, L.J. (1951). "Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests". Psychometrika. 16 (3): 297–334. doi:10.1007/BF02310555. hdl:10983/2196. S2CID 13820448.
Hoyt, C. (1941). "Test reliability estimated by analysis of variance". Psychometrika. 6 (3): 153–160. doi:10.1007/BF02289270. S2CID 122361318.
Guttman, L. (1945). "A basis for analyzing test-retest reliability". Psychometrika. 10 (4): 255–282. doi:10.1007/BF02288892. PMID 21007983. S2CID 17220260.
Novick, M. R.; Lewis, C. (1967). "Coefficient alpha and the reliability of composite measurements". Psychometrika. 32 (1): 1–13. doi:10.1007/BF02289400. PMID 5232569. S2CID 186226312.
Green, S. B.; Lissitz, R. W.; Mulaik, S. A. (1977). "Limitations of coefficient alpha as an Index of test unidimensionality". Educational and Psychological Measurement. 37 (4): 827–838. doi:10.1177/001316447703700403. S2CID 122986180.
Ten Berge, J. M. F.; Sočan, G. (2004). "The greatest lower bound to the reliability of a test and the hypothesis of unidimensionality". Psychometrika. 69 (4): 613–625. doi:10.1007/BF02289858. S2CID 122674001.
Lance, C. E.; Butts, M. M.; Michels, L. C. (2006). "What did they really say?". Organizational Research Methods. 9 (2): 202–220. doi:10.1177/1094428105284919. S2CID 144195175.
Streiner, D. L. (2003). "Starting at the beginning: An introduction to coefficient alpha and internal consistency". Journal of Personality Assessment. 80 (1): 99–103. doi:10.1207/S15327752JPA8001_18. PMID 12584072. S2CID 3679277.
van der Ark, L. A.; van der Palm, D. W.; Sijtsma, K. (2011). "A latent class approach to estimating test-score reliability". Applied Psychological Measurement. 35 (5): 380–392. doi:10.1177/0146621610392911. S2CID 41739445. Archived from the original on 2023-08-13. Retrieved 2023-06-04.
Yang, Y., & Green, S. B.Yanyun Yang; Green, Samuel B. (2011). "Coefficient alpha: A reliability coefficient for the 21st century?". Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment. 29 (4): 377–392. doi:10.1177/0734282911406668. S2CID 119926199.

tilburguniversity.edu

research.tilburguniversity.edu

van der Ark, L. A.; van der Palm, D. W.; Sijtsma, K. (2011). "A latent class approach to estimating test-score reliability". Applied Psychological Measurement. 35 (5): 380–392. doi:10.1177/0146621610392911. S2CID 41739445. Archived from the original on 2023-08-13. Retrieved 2023-06-04.

upenn.edu

garfield.library.upenn.edu

Cronbach, L. J. (1978). "Citation Classics" (PDF). Current Contents. 13: 263. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-01-20. Retrieved 2021-03-22.
Cronbach, Lee (1978). "Citation Classics" (PDF). Current Contents. 13 (8). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-22. Retrieved 2022-10-21.

virginia.edu

data.library.virginia.edu

Goforth, Chelsea (November 16, 2015). "Using and Interpreting Cronbach's Alpha - University of Virginia Library Research Data Services + Sciences". University of Virginia Library. Archived from the original on 2022-08-09. Retrieved 2022-09-06.

web.archive.org

Cronbach, L. J. (1978). "Citation Classics" (PDF). Current Contents. 13: 263. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-01-20. Retrieved 2021-03-22.
Cronbach, Lee (1978). "Citation Classics" (PDF). Current Contents. 13 (8). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-22. Retrieved 2022-10-21.
Spiliotopoulou, Georgia (2009). "Reliability reconsidered: Cronbach's alpha and paediatric assessment in occupational therapy". Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. 56 (3): 150–155. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1630.2009.00785.x. PMID 20854508. Archived from the original on 2022-10-21. Retrieved 2022-10-21.
Cortina, Jose M. (1993). "What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications". Journal of Applied Psychology. 78 (1): 98–104. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.78.1.98. ISSN 1939-1854. Archived from the original on 2023-08-13. Retrieved 2022-10-21.
Goforth, Chelsea (November 16, 2015). "Using and Interpreting Cronbach's Alpha - University of Virginia Library Research Data Services + Sciences". University of Virginia Library. Archived from the original on 2022-08-09. Retrieved 2022-09-06.
"APA Dictionary of Psychology". dictionary.apa.org. Archived from the original on 2019-07-31. Retrieved 2023-02-20.
Beatty, P.; Herrmann, D.; Puskar, C.; Kerwin, J. (July 1998). ""Don't know" responses in surveys: is what I know what you want to know and do I want you to know it?". Memory (Hove, England). 6 (4): 407–426. doi:10.1080/741942605. ISSN 0965-8211. PMID 9829099. Archived from the original on 2023-02-20. Retrieved 2023-02-20.
van der Ark, L. A.; van der Palm, D. W.; Sijtsma, K. (2011). "A latent class approach to estimating test-score reliability". Applied Psychological Measurement. 35 (5): 380–392. doi:10.1177/0146621610392911. S2CID 41739445. Archived from the original on 2023-08-13. Retrieved 2023-06-04.
Dunn, T. J.; Baguley, T.; Brunsden, V. (2014). "From alpha to omega: A practical solution to the pervasive problem of internal consistency estimation" (PDF). British Journal of Psychology. 105 (3): 399–412. doi:10.1111/bjop.12046. PMID 24844115. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-03-24. Retrieved 2023-06-04.
Revelle, William (7 January 2017). "An overview of the psych package" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 August 2020. Retrieved 23 April 2020.
"Multivariate Software, Inc". www.mvsoft.com. Archived from the original on 2001-05-21.

wiley.com

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Spiliotopoulou, Georgia (2009). "Reliability reconsidered: Cronbach's alpha and paediatric assessment in occupational therapy". Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. 56 (3): 150–155. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1630.2009.00785.x. PMID 20854508. Archived from the original on 2022-10-21. Retrieved 2022-10-21.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Cho, Eunseong (2016-07-08). "Making Reliability Reliable". Organizational Research Methods. 19 (4). SAGE Publications: 651–682. doi:10.1177/1094428116656239. ISSN 1094-4281. S2CID 124129255.
Cortina, Jose M. (1993). "What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications". Journal of Applied Psychology. 78 (1): 98–104. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.78.1.98. ISSN 1939-1854. Archived from the original on 2023-08-13. Retrieved 2022-10-21.
Waller, Niels; Revelle, William (2023-05-25). "What are the mathematical bounds for coefficient α?". Psychological Methods. doi:10.1037/met0000583. ISSN 1939-1463.
Nunnally, J. C. (1967). Psychometric theory. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-047465-6. OCLC 926852171.
Nunnally, J. C.; Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-047849-X. OCLC 28221417.
Beatty, P.; Herrmann, D.; Puskar, C.; Kerwin, J. (July 1998). ""Don't know" responses in surveys: is what I know what you want to know and do I want you to know it?". Memory (Hove, England). 6 (4): 407–426. doi:10.1080/741942605. ISSN 0965-8211. PMID 9829099. Archived from the original on 2023-02-20. Retrieved 2023-02-20.

youtube.com

DATAtab (October 27, 2021). Cronbach's Alpha (Simply explained). YouTube. Event occurs at 4:08. Retrieved 2023-08-01.