Utley, Robert M. (1993). The lance and the shield : the life and times of Sitting Bull (1st ed.). New York: Henry Holt. ISBN0-8050-1274-5. OCLC27106879.
Ostler, Jeffrey (2004). The Plains Sioux and U.S. colonialism from Lewis and Clark to Wounded Knee. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 324–325. ISBN0-521-79346-7. OCLC53951752.