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Carrano, M. T.; Benson, R. B. J.; Sampson, S. D. (2012). "The phylogeny of Tetanurae (Dinosauria: Theropoda)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 10 (2): 211–300. doi:10.1080/14772019.2011.630927. S2CID85354215.
Padian, K.; Horner, J.R.; Dhaliwal, J. (2004). "Species recognition as the principal cause of bizarre structures in dinosaurs". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 23 (3 Suppl): 100A. doi:10.1080/02724634.2003.10010538. S2CID220410105.