Cryptosporidium (English Wikipedia)
Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Cryptosporidium" in English language version.
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bbc.co.uk
news.bbc.co.uk
- "Boil water warning 'precaution'". BBC News. 2 September 2008.
- "Boil water 'into January' warning". BBC News. 30 November 2005.
bbc.com
- "Devon residents urged to boil water after parasite found". BBC News. 15 May 2024. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
cdc.gov
- "Toxoplasmosis". www.cdc.gov. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 5 May 2022.
- "Parasites – Cryptosporidium (also known as "Crypto")". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 20 February 2015.
- "Chlorine Disinfection of Recreational Water for Cryptosporidium parvum". CDC. Retrieved 6 May 2007.
doi.org
- Sponseller JK, Griffiths JK, Tzipori S (July 2014). "The evolution of respiratory Cryptosporidiosis: evidence for transmission by inhalation". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 27 (3): 575–86. doi:10.1128/CMR.00115-13. PMC 4135895. PMID 24982322.
Recent evidence indicates that respiratory cryptosporidiosis may occur commonly in immunocompetent children with cryptosporidial diarrhea and unexplained cough. Findings from animal models, human case reports, and a few epidemiological studies suggest that Cryptosporidium may be transmitted via respiratory secretions, in addition to the more recognized fecal-oral route. ... Upper respiratory cryptosporidiosis may cause inflammation of the nasal mucosa, sinuses, larynx, and trachea, accompanied by nasal discharge and voice change (54, 61, 62). Cryptosporidiosis of the lower respiratory tract typically results in productive cough, dyspnea, fever, and hypoxemia (63,–66). ... While fecal-oral transmission is indisputably the major route of infection, transmission via coughing and fomites is also possible in situations of close contact (20). ... Because they lacked gastrointestinal symptoms and oocyst excretion, the latter cases establish the possibility of primary respiratory infection with Cryptosporidium, which may have been acquired by inhalation of expectorated droplets or by contact with fomites. ... This finding suggests that respiratory cryptosporidiosis may occur commonly in immunocompetent individuals.
- Chalmers, Rachel M.; Davies, Angharad P.; Tyler, Kevin (1 May 2019). "Cryptosporidium". Microbiology. 165 (5): 500–502. doi:10.1099/mic.0.000764. ISSN 1350-0872. PMID 31268415. S2CID 243706992.
- Love, MS; Choy, RKM (1 October 2021). "Emerging treatment options for cryptosporidiosis". Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases. 34 (5): 455–462. doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000761. PMC 7611666. PMID 34261904.
- Widmer, Giovanni; Carmena, David; Kváč, Martin; Chalmers, Rachel M.; Kissinger, Jessica C.; Xiao, Lihua; Sateriale, Adam; Striepen, Boris; Laurent, Fabrice; Lacroix-Lamandé, Sonia; Gargala, Gilles; Favennec, Loïc (2020). "Update on Cryptosporidium spp.: highlights from the Seventh International Giardia and Cryptosporidium Conference". Parasite. 27: 14. doi:10.1051/parasite/2020011. ISSN 1776-1042. PMC 7069357. PMID 32167464.
- Abrahamsen MS, Templeton TJ, Enomoto S, Abrahante JE, Zhu G, Lancto CA, Deng M, Liu C, Widmer G, Tzipori S, Buck GA, Xu P, Bankier AT, Dear PH, Konfortov BA, Spriggs HF, Iyer L, Anantharaman V, Aravind L, Kapur V (April 2004). "Complete genome sequence of the apicomplexan, Cryptosporidium parvum". Science. 304 (5669): 441–5. Bibcode:2004Sci...304..441A. doi:10.1126/science.1094786. PMID 15044751. S2CID 26434820.
- Xu P, Widmer G, Wang Y, Ozaki LS, Alves JM, Serrano MG, Puiu D, Manque P, Akiyoshi D, Mackey AJ, Pearson WR, Dear PH, Bankier AT, Peterson DL, Abrahamsen MS, Kapur V, Tzipori S, Buck GA (October 2004). "The genome of Cryptosporidium hominis". Nature. 431 (7012): 1107–12. Bibcode:2004Natur.431.1107X. doi:10.1038/nature02977. PMID 15510150.
- Korich DG, Mead JR, Madore MS, Sinclair NA, Sterling CR (May 1990). "Effects of ozone, chlorine dioxide, chlorine, and monochloramine on Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst viability". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 56 (5): 1423–8. Bibcode:1990ApEnM..56.1423K. doi:10.1128/aem.56.5.1423-1428.1990. PMC 184422. PMID 2339894.
- Bukhari Z, Hargy TM, Bolton JR, Dussert B, Clancy JL (1999). "Medium Pressure UV Light for Oocyst Inactivation". Journal of the American Water Works Association. 91 (3): 86–94. doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1999.tb08602.x. S2CID 87880510.
- Casemore DP, Armstrong M, Sands RL (December 1985). "Laboratory diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis". Journal of Clinical Pathology. 38 (12): 1337–41. doi:10.1136/jcp.38.12.1337. PMC 499488. PMID 2416782.
- Gerba, C. (1 August 1995). "Occurrence of enteric pathogens in composted domestic solid waste containing disposable diapers". Waste Management & Research. 13 (4): 315–324. Bibcode:1995WMR....13..315G. doi:10.1016/S0734-242X(95)90081-0. ISSN 0734-242X.
epa.gov
- "The Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule – What Does it Mean to You?" (PDF). USEPA. Retrieved 6 May 2007.
harvard.edu
ui.adsabs.harvard.edu
- Abrahamsen MS, Templeton TJ, Enomoto S, Abrahante JE, Zhu G, Lancto CA, Deng M, Liu C, Widmer G, Tzipori S, Buck GA, Xu P, Bankier AT, Dear PH, Konfortov BA, Spriggs HF, Iyer L, Anantharaman V, Aravind L, Kapur V (April 2004). "Complete genome sequence of the apicomplexan, Cryptosporidium parvum". Science. 304 (5669): 441–5. Bibcode:2004Sci...304..441A. doi:10.1126/science.1094786. PMID 15044751. S2CID 26434820.
- Xu P, Widmer G, Wang Y, Ozaki LS, Alves JM, Serrano MG, Puiu D, Manque P, Akiyoshi D, Mackey AJ, Pearson WR, Dear PH, Bankier AT, Peterson DL, Abrahamsen MS, Kapur V, Tzipori S, Buck GA (October 2004). "The genome of Cryptosporidium hominis". Nature. 431 (7012): 1107–12. Bibcode:2004Natur.431.1107X. doi:10.1038/nature02977. PMID 15510150.
- Korich DG, Mead JR, Madore MS, Sinclair NA, Sterling CR (May 1990). "Effects of ozone, chlorine dioxide, chlorine, and monochloramine on Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst viability". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 56 (5): 1423–8. Bibcode:1990ApEnM..56.1423K. doi:10.1128/aem.56.5.1423-1428.1990. PMC 184422. PMID 2339894.
- Gerba, C. (1 August 1995). "Occurrence of enteric pathogens in composted domestic solid waste containing disposable diapers". Waste Management & Research. 13 (4): 315–324. Bibcode:1995WMR....13..315G. doi:10.1016/S0734-242X(95)90081-0. ISSN 0734-242X.
medscape.com
emedicine.medscape.com
- Cabada MM, White AC, Venugopalan P, Sureshbabu J (18 August 2015). Bronze MS (ed.). "Cryptosporidiosis Treatment & Management". Medscape. WebMD. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
Infection may improve with nutritional supplementation, particularly with regimens including zinc or glutamine. ... Nitazoxanide significantly shortens the duration of diarrhea and can decrease the risk of mortality in malnourished children.[22] Trials have also demonstrated efficacy in adults.[26, 27] ... Symptomatic therapy includes replacement of fluids, provision of appropriate nutrition, and treatment with antimotility agents. ... Replacement of fluids and electrolytes is the critically important first step in the management of cryptosporidiosis, particularly in patients with large diarrheal losses. Fluids should include sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, and glucose.
nih.gov
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Sponseller JK, Griffiths JK, Tzipori S (July 2014). "The evolution of respiratory Cryptosporidiosis: evidence for transmission by inhalation". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 27 (3): 575–86. doi:10.1128/CMR.00115-13. PMC 4135895. PMID 24982322.
Recent evidence indicates that respiratory cryptosporidiosis may occur commonly in immunocompetent children with cryptosporidial diarrhea and unexplained cough. Findings from animal models, human case reports, and a few epidemiological studies suggest that Cryptosporidium may be transmitted via respiratory secretions, in addition to the more recognized fecal-oral route. ... Upper respiratory cryptosporidiosis may cause inflammation of the nasal mucosa, sinuses, larynx, and trachea, accompanied by nasal discharge and voice change (54, 61, 62). Cryptosporidiosis of the lower respiratory tract typically results in productive cough, dyspnea, fever, and hypoxemia (63,–66). ... While fecal-oral transmission is indisputably the major route of infection, transmission via coughing and fomites is also possible in situations of close contact (20). ... Because they lacked gastrointestinal symptoms and oocyst excretion, the latter cases establish the possibility of primary respiratory infection with Cryptosporidium, which may have been acquired by inhalation of expectorated droplets or by contact with fomites. ... This finding suggests that respiratory cryptosporidiosis may occur commonly in immunocompetent individuals.
- Chalmers, Rachel M.; Davies, Angharad P.; Tyler, Kevin (1 May 2019). "Cryptosporidium". Microbiology. 165 (5): 500–502. doi:10.1099/mic.0.000764. ISSN 1350-0872. PMID 31268415. S2CID 243706992.
- Love, MS; Choy, RKM (1 October 2021). "Emerging treatment options for cryptosporidiosis". Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases. 34 (5): 455–462. doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000761. PMC 7611666. PMID 34261904.
- Widmer, Giovanni; Carmena, David; Kváč, Martin; Chalmers, Rachel M.; Kissinger, Jessica C.; Xiao, Lihua; Sateriale, Adam; Striepen, Boris; Laurent, Fabrice; Lacroix-Lamandé, Sonia; Gargala, Gilles; Favennec, Loïc (2020). "Update on Cryptosporidium spp.: highlights from the Seventh International Giardia and Cryptosporidium Conference". Parasite. 27: 14. doi:10.1051/parasite/2020011. ISSN 1776-1042. PMC 7069357. PMID 32167464.
- Abrahamsen MS, Templeton TJ, Enomoto S, Abrahante JE, Zhu G, Lancto CA, Deng M, Liu C, Widmer G, Tzipori S, Buck GA, Xu P, Bankier AT, Dear PH, Konfortov BA, Spriggs HF, Iyer L, Anantharaman V, Aravind L, Kapur V (April 2004). "Complete genome sequence of the apicomplexan, Cryptosporidium parvum". Science. 304 (5669): 441–5. Bibcode:2004Sci...304..441A. doi:10.1126/science.1094786. PMID 15044751. S2CID 26434820.
- Xu P, Widmer G, Wang Y, Ozaki LS, Alves JM, Serrano MG, Puiu D, Manque P, Akiyoshi D, Mackey AJ, Pearson WR, Dear PH, Bankier AT, Peterson DL, Abrahamsen MS, Kapur V, Tzipori S, Buck GA (October 2004). "The genome of Cryptosporidium hominis". Nature. 431 (7012): 1107–12. Bibcode:2004Natur.431.1107X. doi:10.1038/nature02977. PMID 15510150.
- Korich DG, Mead JR, Madore MS, Sinclair NA, Sterling CR (May 1990). "Effects of ozone, chlorine dioxide, chlorine, and monochloramine on Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst viability". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 56 (5): 1423–8. Bibcode:1990ApEnM..56.1423K. doi:10.1128/aem.56.5.1423-1428.1990. PMC 184422. PMID 2339894.
- Casemore DP, Armstrong M, Sands RL (December 1985). "Laboratory diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis". Journal of Clinical Pathology. 38 (12): 1337–41. doi:10.1136/jcp.38.12.1337. PMC 499488. PMID 2416782.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Sponseller JK, Griffiths JK, Tzipori S (July 2014). "The evolution of respiratory Cryptosporidiosis: evidence for transmission by inhalation". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 27 (3): 575–86. doi:10.1128/CMR.00115-13. PMC 4135895. PMID 24982322.
Recent evidence indicates that respiratory cryptosporidiosis may occur commonly in immunocompetent children with cryptosporidial diarrhea and unexplained cough. Findings from animal models, human case reports, and a few epidemiological studies suggest that Cryptosporidium may be transmitted via respiratory secretions, in addition to the more recognized fecal-oral route. ... Upper respiratory cryptosporidiosis may cause inflammation of the nasal mucosa, sinuses, larynx, and trachea, accompanied by nasal discharge and voice change (54, 61, 62). Cryptosporidiosis of the lower respiratory tract typically results in productive cough, dyspnea, fever, and hypoxemia (63,–66). ... While fecal-oral transmission is indisputably the major route of infection, transmission via coughing and fomites is also possible in situations of close contact (20). ... Because they lacked gastrointestinal symptoms and oocyst excretion, the latter cases establish the possibility of primary respiratory infection with Cryptosporidium, which may have been acquired by inhalation of expectorated droplets or by contact with fomites. ... This finding suggests that respiratory cryptosporidiosis may occur commonly in immunocompetent individuals.
- Love, MS; Choy, RKM (1 October 2021). "Emerging treatment options for cryptosporidiosis". Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases. 34 (5): 455–462. doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000761. PMC 7611666. PMID 34261904.
- Widmer, Giovanni; Carmena, David; Kváč, Martin; Chalmers, Rachel M.; Kissinger, Jessica C.; Xiao, Lihua; Sateriale, Adam; Striepen, Boris; Laurent, Fabrice; Lacroix-Lamandé, Sonia; Gargala, Gilles; Favennec, Loïc (2020). "Update on Cryptosporidium spp.: highlights from the Seventh International Giardia and Cryptosporidium Conference". Parasite. 27: 14. doi:10.1051/parasite/2020011. ISSN 1776-1042. PMC 7069357. PMID 32167464.
- Korich DG, Mead JR, Madore MS, Sinclair NA, Sterling CR (May 1990). "Effects of ozone, chlorine dioxide, chlorine, and monochloramine on Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst viability". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 56 (5): 1423–8. Bibcode:1990ApEnM..56.1423K. doi:10.1128/aem.56.5.1423-1428.1990. PMC 184422. PMID 2339894.
- Casemore DP, Armstrong M, Sands RL (December 1985). "Laboratory diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis". Journal of Clinical Pathology. 38 (12): 1337–41. doi:10.1136/jcp.38.12.1337. PMC 499488. PMID 2416782.
parasite.org.au
- "Cryptosporidium". The Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Retrieved 7 August 2019.
sciencedirect.com
- Gerba, C. (1 August 1995). "Occurrence of enteric pathogens in composted domestic solid waste containing disposable diapers". Waste Management & Research. 13 (4): 315–324. Bibcode:1995WMR....13..315G. doi:10.1016/S0734-242X(95)90081-0. ISSN 0734-242X.
semanticscholar.org
api.semanticscholar.org
- Chalmers, Rachel M.; Davies, Angharad P.; Tyler, Kevin (1 May 2019). "Cryptosporidium". Microbiology. 165 (5): 500–502. doi:10.1099/mic.0.000764. ISSN 1350-0872. PMID 31268415. S2CID 243706992.
- Abrahamsen MS, Templeton TJ, Enomoto S, Abrahante JE, Zhu G, Lancto CA, Deng M, Liu C, Widmer G, Tzipori S, Buck GA, Xu P, Bankier AT, Dear PH, Konfortov BA, Spriggs HF, Iyer L, Anantharaman V, Aravind L, Kapur V (April 2004). "Complete genome sequence of the apicomplexan, Cryptosporidium parvum". Science. 304 (5669): 441–5. Bibcode:2004Sci...304..441A. doi:10.1126/science.1094786. PMID 15044751. S2CID 26434820.
- Bukhari Z, Hargy TM, Bolton JR, Dussert B, Clancy JL (1999). "Medium Pressure UV Light for Oocyst Inactivation". Journal of the American Water Works Association. 91 (3): 86–94. doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1999.tb08602.x. S2CID 87880510.
sites.google.com
- Walker MD (2018). "Reducing the risk of zoonotic infection". Conservation Land Management. 16 (2): 19–22. Archived from the original on 25 October 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
uptodate.com
- Leder, Karin. "Cryptosporidiosis: Treatment and Prevention". UpToDate. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
web.archive.org
- Walker MD (2018). "Reducing the risk of zoonotic infection". Conservation Land Management. 16 (2): 19–22. Archived from the original on 25 October 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
worldcat.org
search.worldcat.org
- Chalmers, Rachel M.; Davies, Angharad P.; Tyler, Kevin (1 May 2019). "Cryptosporidium". Microbiology. 165 (5): 500–502. doi:10.1099/mic.0.000764. ISSN 1350-0872. PMID 31268415. S2CID 243706992.
- Widmer, Giovanni; Carmena, David; Kváč, Martin; Chalmers, Rachel M.; Kissinger, Jessica C.; Xiao, Lihua; Sateriale, Adam; Striepen, Boris; Laurent, Fabrice; Lacroix-Lamandé, Sonia; Gargala, Gilles; Favennec, Loïc (2020). "Update on Cryptosporidium spp.: highlights from the Seventh International Giardia and Cryptosporidium Conference". Parasite. 27: 14. doi:10.1051/parasite/2020011. ISSN 1776-1042. PMC 7069357. PMID 32167464.
- Gerba, C. (1 August 1995). "Occurrence of enteric pathogens in composted domestic solid waste containing disposable diapers". Waste Management & Research. 13 (4): 315–324. Bibcode:1995WMR....13..315G. doi:10.1016/S0734-242X(95)90081-0. ISSN 0734-242X.