Cucumber (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Cucumber" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

16doi.org

2^nd place

14nih.gov

4^th place

10harvard.edu

18^th place

17^th place

6web.archive.org

1^st place

5books.google.com

3^rd place

5semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

3uchicago.edu

230^th place

214^th place

3worldcat.org

5^th place

2wiley.com

222^nd place

297^th place

1britannica.com

40^th place

58^th place

1jstor.org

26^th place

20^th place

1kew.org

394^th place

442^nd place

1tandfonline.com

507^th place

429^th place

1ncsu.edu

2,542^nd place

1,675^th place

1eufic.org

low place

1handle.net

102^nd place

76^th place

1fda.gov

447^th place

338^th place

1researchgate.net

120^th place

125^th place

1almanac.com

low place

6,940^th place

1foodstandards.gov.au

low place

1pbs.org

198^th place

154^th place

1thekitchn.com

8,356^th place

5,707^th place

1royalzon.com

low place

1ucdavis.edu

1,873^rd place

1,347^th place

1apeda.gov.in

low place

1dictionary.com

794^th place

588^th place

1pfaf.org

4,442^nd place

3,824^th place

1livestrong.com

5,092^nd place

4,559^th place

1fao.org

318^th place

411^th place

1newstrackindia.com

low place

1tufts.edu

155^th place

138^th place

1arizona.edu

1,592^nd place

1,119^th place

1archive.org

6^th place

1gutenberg.org

489^th place

377^th place

1pepysdiary.com

low place

almanac.com (Global: low place; English: 6,940^th place)

"Cucumbers: Planting, growing, and harvesting cucumbers". Old Farmer's Almanac, Yankee Publishing, Inc., Dublin, NH. 2016. Retrieved 11 August 2016.

apeda.gov.in (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Cucumbers and gherkins". Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority, Government of India. 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2017.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Higginson, Francis. [1630] 1906. New-Englands Plantation. Salem, MA: Essex Book and Print Club. OCLC 1049892552. p. 5.

arizona.edu (Global: 1,592^nd place; English: 1,119^th place)

lpl.arizona.edu

"A Brief History of Cucumbers, From Producing Vegetable Crops by Swiader et al; and A History of Horticulture in America to 1860 by U.P. Hedrick". B's Cucumber Pages. Archived from the original on 1 October 2007.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Mariod AA, Mirghani ME, Hussein IH (14 April 2017). Cucumis sativus, Cucumber; Chapter 16 in: Unconventional Oilseeds and Oil Sources. Academic Press. ISBN 9780128134337.
Nonnecke, I.L. (1989). Vegetable Production. Springer. ISBN 9780442267216.
James, Peter J., Thorpe, Nick, Thorpe, I. J. (1995). "Ch. 12, Sport and Leusure: Roman Gardening Technology". Ancient Inventions. Ballantine Books. p. 563. ISBN 978-0-345-40102-1.
Evelyn J (2009). Acetaria: A Discourse of Sallets (original 1699). Prospect Books. ISBN 0907325122.
Boswell J (1832). The Life of Samuel Johnson: Including A Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides, Volumen 1. Carter, Hendee and Company. p. 423. Retrieved 29 March 2024.

britannica.com (Global: 40^th place; English: 58^th place)

"Cucumber." Encyclopædia Britannica. [1998] 2019.

dictionary.com (Global: 794^th place; English: 588^th place)

"Word origin and history for gherkin". Dictionary.com. 2017. Retrieved 13 November 2017.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Silvertown J (1985). "Survival, Fecundity and Growth of Wild Cucumber, Echinocystis Lobata". Journal of Ecology. 73 (3): 841–849. Bibcode:1985JEcol..73..841S. doi:10.2307/2260151. JSTOR 2260151.
Chomicki G, Schaefer H, Renner SS (June 2020). "Origin and domestication of Cucurbitaceae crops: insights from phylogenies, genomics and archaeology". New Phytologist. 226 (5): 1240–1255. Bibcode:2020NewPh.226.1240C. doi:10.1111/nph.16015. PMID 31230355.
Weng Y (7 January 2021). "Cucumis sativus Chromosome Evolution, Domestication, and Genetic Diversity: Implications for Cucumber Breeding". Plant Breeding Reviews. Wiley. pp. 79–111. doi:10.1002/9781119717003.ch4. ISBN 978-1-119-71700-3.
Bisht IS, Bhat K, Tanwar SP, et al. (January 2004). "Distribution and genetic diversity of Cucumis sativus var. hardwickii (Royle) Alef in India". The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology. 79 (5): 783–791. Bibcode:2004JHSB...79..783B. doi:10.1080/14620316.2004.11511843. ISSN 1462-0316.
Zhang T, Li X, Yang Y, et al. (2019). "Genetic analysis and QTL mapping of fruit length and diameter in a cucumber (Cucumber sativus L.) recombinant inbred line (RIL) population". Scientia Horticulturae. 250: 214–222. Bibcode:2019ScHor.250..214Z. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2019.01.062. S2CID 92837522.
Huang S, Li R, Zhang Z, et al. (2009). "The genome of the cucumber, Cucumis sativus L". Nature Genetics. 41 (12): 1275–81. doi:10.1038/ng.475. PMID 19881527.
Wang Y, Dong Z, Ma Y, et al. (October 2023). "Comprehensive dissection of meiotic DNA double-strand breaks and crossovers in cucumber". Plant Physiol. 193 (3): 1913–1932. doi:10.1093/plphys/kiad432. PMC 10602612. PMID 37530486.
Shang Y, Ma Y, Zhou Y, et al. (November 2014). "Plant science. Biosynthesis, regulation, and domestication of bitterness in cucumber". Science. 346 (6213): 1084–8. Bibcode:2014Sci...346.1084S. doi:10.1126/science.1259215. PMID 25430763. S2CID 206561241.
Liu Z, Li Y, Cao C, et al. (February 2019). "The role of H2S in low temperature-induced cucurbitacin C increases in cucumber". Plant Molecular Biology. 99 (6): 535–544. Bibcode:2019PMolB..99..535L. doi:10.1007/s11103-019-00834-w. PMID 30707394. S2CID 73431225.
He J (2022). "Terpene Synthases in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and Their Contribution to Herbivore-induced Volatile Terpenoid Emission". New Phytologist. 233 (2): 862–877. Bibcode:2022NewPh.233..862H. doi:10.1111/nph.17814. hdl:11245.1/e4b87361-6747-409a-a897-0e3939f560c0. PMC 9299122. PMID 34668204. S2CID 239035917.
"TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report". p. 120. In: Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. pp. 101–124. doi:10.17226/25353. ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. NCBI NBK545428.
Schieberle P, Ofner S, Grosch W (1990). "Evaluation of Potent Odorants in Cucumbers (Cucumis sativus) and Muskmelons (Cucumis melo) by Aroma Extract Dilution Analysis". Journal of Food Science. 55: 193–195. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1990.tb06050.x.
Shang Y, Ma Y, Zhou Y, et al. (2014). "Plant science. Biosynthesis, regulation, and domestication of bitterness in cucumber". Science. 346 (6213): 1084–8. Bibcode:2014Sci...346.1084S. doi:10.1126/science.1259215. PMID 25430763. S2CID 206561241.
Chomicki G, Schaefer H, Renner SS (June 2020). "Origin and domestication of Cucurbitaceae crops: insights from phylogenies, genomics and archaeology". New Phytologist. 226 (5): 1240–1255. Bibcode:2020NewPh.226.1240C. doi:10.1111/nph.16015. ISSN 0028-646X. PMID 31230355.
Renner SS, Schaefer H, Kocyan A (2007). "Phylogenetics of Cucumis (Cucurbitaceae): Cucumber (C. sativus) belongs in an Asian/Australian clade far from melon (C. melo)". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 7 (1): 58. Bibcode:2007BMCEE...7...58R. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-58. PMC 3225884. PMID 17425784.
Zhuang FY, Chen JF, Staub JE, et al. (2006). "Taxonomic Relationships of A Rare Cucumis Species (C. hystrix Chakr.) and Its Interspecific Hybrid with Cucumber". HortScience. 41 (3): 571–574. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI.41.3.571.

eufic.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Is a Cucumber a Fruit or a Vegetable and Why?". European Food Information Council. 4 March 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2025.

fao.org (Global: 318^th place; English: 411^th place)

"Cucumber and gherkin production in 2023, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity/Year (pick lists)". UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT). 2025. Retrieved 12 October 2025.

fda.gov (Global: 447^th place; English: 338^th place)

United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". FDA. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 28 March 2024.

foodstandards.gov.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

afcd.foodstandards.gov.au

"Telegraph cucumber, unpeeled, raw". Australian Food Composition Database, Food Standards Australia New Zealand. 2025. Retrieved 12 October 2025.

gutenberg.org (Global: 489^th place; English: 377^th place)

Wood, William. (1634). "Of the Hearbes, Fruites, Woods, Waters and Mineralls", pp. 13–18 in New England Prospect. London.

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

hdl.handle.net

He J (2022). "Terpene Synthases in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and Their Contribution to Herbivore-induced Volatile Terpenoid Emission". New Phytologist. 233 (2): 862–877. Bibcode:2022NewPh.233..862H. doi:10.1111/nph.17814. hdl:11245.1/e4b87361-6747-409a-a897-0e3939f560c0. PMC 9299122. PMID 34668204. S2CID 239035917.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Silvertown J (1985). "Survival, Fecundity and Growth of Wild Cucumber, Echinocystis Lobata". Journal of Ecology. 73 (3): 841–849. Bibcode:1985JEcol..73..841S. doi:10.2307/2260151. JSTOR 2260151.
Chomicki G, Schaefer H, Renner SS (June 2020). "Origin and domestication of Cucurbitaceae crops: insights from phylogenies, genomics and archaeology". New Phytologist. 226 (5): 1240–1255. Bibcode:2020NewPh.226.1240C. doi:10.1111/nph.16015. PMID 31230355.
Bisht IS, Bhat K, Tanwar SP, et al. (January 2004). "Distribution and genetic diversity of Cucumis sativus var. hardwickii (Royle) Alef in India". The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology. 79 (5): 783–791. Bibcode:2004JHSB...79..783B. doi:10.1080/14620316.2004.11511843. ISSN 1462-0316.
Zhang T, Li X, Yang Y, et al. (2019). "Genetic analysis and QTL mapping of fruit length and diameter in a cucumber (Cucumber sativus L.) recombinant inbred line (RIL) population". Scientia Horticulturae. 250: 214–222. Bibcode:2019ScHor.250..214Z. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2019.01.062. S2CID 92837522.
Shang Y, Ma Y, Zhou Y, et al. (November 2014). "Plant science. Biosynthesis, regulation, and domestication of bitterness in cucumber". Science. 346 (6213): 1084–8. Bibcode:2014Sci...346.1084S. doi:10.1126/science.1259215. PMID 25430763. S2CID 206561241.
Liu Z, Li Y, Cao C, et al. (February 2019). "The role of H2S in low temperature-induced cucurbitacin C increases in cucumber". Plant Molecular Biology. 99 (6): 535–544. Bibcode:2019PMolB..99..535L. doi:10.1007/s11103-019-00834-w. PMID 30707394. S2CID 73431225.
He J (2022). "Terpene Synthases in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and Their Contribution to Herbivore-induced Volatile Terpenoid Emission". New Phytologist. 233 (2): 862–877. Bibcode:2022NewPh.233..862H. doi:10.1111/nph.17814. hdl:11245.1/e4b87361-6747-409a-a897-0e3939f560c0. PMC 9299122. PMID 34668204. S2CID 239035917.
Shang Y, Ma Y, Zhou Y, et al. (2014). "Plant science. Biosynthesis, regulation, and domestication of bitterness in cucumber". Science. 346 (6213): 1084–8. Bibcode:2014Sci...346.1084S. doi:10.1126/science.1259215. PMID 25430763. S2CID 206561241.
Chomicki G, Schaefer H, Renner SS (June 2020). "Origin and domestication of Cucurbitaceae crops: insights from phylogenies, genomics and archaeology". New Phytologist. 226 (5): 1240–1255. Bibcode:2020NewPh.226.1240C. doi:10.1111/nph.16015. ISSN 0028-646X. PMID 31230355.
Renner SS, Schaefer H, Kocyan A (2007). "Phylogenetics of Cucumis (Cucurbitaceae): Cucumber (C. sativus) belongs in an Asian/Australian clade far from melon (C. melo)". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 7 (1): 58. Bibcode:2007BMCEE...7...58R. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-58. PMC 3225884. PMID 17425784.

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

Silvertown J (1985). "Survival, Fecundity and Growth of Wild Cucumber, Echinocystis Lobata". Journal of Ecology. 73 (3): 841–849. Bibcode:1985JEcol..73..841S. doi:10.2307/2260151. JSTOR 2260151.

kew.org (Global: 394^th place; English: 442^nd place)

powo.science.kew.org

"Cucumis sativus L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 23 February 2023.

livestrong.com (Global: 5,092^nd place; English: 4,559^th place)

Jordan-Reilly M (15 September 2013). "Why do cucumbers upset my digestion?". LiveStrong.com.

ncsu.edu (Global: 2,542^nd place; English: 1,675^th place)

plants.ces.ncsu.edu

"Cucumis sativus". North Carolina State University, Extension Gardener. 2025. Retrieved 12 October 2025.

newstrackindia.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Asian News International. 21 July 2010. "Cucumber, melon's common ancestor originated in Asia." NewsTrack India. Retrieved on 4 June 2020.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Chomicki G, Schaefer H, Renner SS (June 2020). "Origin and domestication of Cucurbitaceae crops: insights from phylogenies, genomics and archaeology". New Phytologist. 226 (5): 1240–1255. Bibcode:2020NewPh.226.1240C. doi:10.1111/nph.16015. PMID 31230355.
Huang S, Li R, Zhang Z, et al. (2009). "The genome of the cucumber, Cucumis sativus L". Nature Genetics. 41 (12): 1275–81. doi:10.1038/ng.475. PMID 19881527.
Wang Y, Dong Z, Ma Y, et al. (October 2023). "Comprehensive dissection of meiotic DNA double-strand breaks and crossovers in cucumber". Plant Physiol. 193 (3): 1913–1932. doi:10.1093/plphys/kiad432. PMC 10602612. PMID 37530486.
Shang Y, Ma Y, Zhou Y, et al. (November 2014). "Plant science. Biosynthesis, regulation, and domestication of bitterness in cucumber". Science. 346 (6213): 1084–8. Bibcode:2014Sci...346.1084S. doi:10.1126/science.1259215. PMID 25430763. S2CID 206561241.
Liu Z, Li Y, Cao C, et al. (February 2019). "The role of H2S in low temperature-induced cucurbitacin C increases in cucumber". Plant Molecular Biology. 99 (6): 535–544. Bibcode:2019PMolB..99..535L. doi:10.1007/s11103-019-00834-w. PMID 30707394. S2CID 73431225.
He J (2022). "Terpene Synthases in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and Their Contribution to Herbivore-induced Volatile Terpenoid Emission". New Phytologist. 233 (2): 862–877. Bibcode:2022NewPh.233..862H. doi:10.1111/nph.17814. hdl:11245.1/e4b87361-6747-409a-a897-0e3939f560c0. PMC 9299122. PMID 34668204. S2CID 239035917.
"TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report". p. 120. In: Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. pp. 101–124. doi:10.17226/25353. ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. NCBI NBK545428.
Shang Y, Ma Y, Zhou Y, et al. (2014). "Plant science. Biosynthesis, regulation, and domestication of bitterness in cucumber". Science. 346 (6213): 1084–8. Bibcode:2014Sci...346.1084S. doi:10.1126/science.1259215. PMID 25430763. S2CID 206561241.
Chomicki G, Schaefer H, Renner SS (June 2020). "Origin and domestication of Cucurbitaceae crops: insights from phylogenies, genomics and archaeology". New Phytologist. 226 (5): 1240–1255. Bibcode:2020NewPh.226.1240C. doi:10.1111/nph.16015. ISSN 0028-646X. PMID 31230355.
Renner SS, Schaefer H, Kocyan A (2007). "Phylogenetics of Cucumis (Cucurbitaceae): Cucumber (C. sativus) belongs in an Asian/Australian clade far from melon (C. melo)". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 7 (1): 58. Bibcode:2007BMCEE...7...58R. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-58. PMC 3225884. PMID 17425784.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Wang Y, Dong Z, Ma Y, et al. (October 2023). "Comprehensive dissection of meiotic DNA double-strand breaks and crossovers in cucumber". Plant Physiol. 193 (3): 1913–1932. doi:10.1093/plphys/kiad432. PMC 10602612. PMID 37530486.
He J (2022). "Terpene Synthases in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and Their Contribution to Herbivore-induced Volatile Terpenoid Emission". New Phytologist. 233 (2): 862–877. Bibcode:2022NewPh.233..862H. doi:10.1111/nph.17814. hdl:11245.1/e4b87361-6747-409a-a897-0e3939f560c0. PMC 9299122. PMID 34668204. S2CID 239035917.
"TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report". p. 120. In: Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. pp. 101–124. doi:10.17226/25353. ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. NCBI NBK545428.
Renner SS, Schaefer H, Kocyan A (2007). "Phylogenetics of Cucumis (Cucurbitaceae): Cucumber (C. sativus) belongs in an Asian/Australian clade far from melon (C. melo)". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 7 (1): 58. Bibcode:2007BMCEE...7...58R. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-58. PMC 3225884. PMID 17425784.

pbs.org (Global: 198^th place; English: 154^th place)

Avi, Torey (3 September 2014). "History in a jar: The story of pickles". Public Broadcasting Service. Retrieved 13 November 2017.

pepysdiary.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Saturday 22 August 1663 (Pepys' Diary). Pepysdiary.com. Retrieved on 25 November 2012.

pfaf.org (Global: 4,442^nd place; English: 3,824^th place)

"West Indian gherkin, Cucumis anguria L." Plants for a Future. 2012. Retrieved 13 November 2017.

researchgate.net (Global: 120^th place; English: 125^th place)

Yunusa, Alkasim & Dandago, Munir Abba & Ibrahim, Sa’adatu & Abdullahi, Nura & Tsoho, Adamu Usman & Barde, Aminu. (2018). Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Different Parts of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Acta Universitatis Cibiniensis. Series E: Food Technology. 22. 13-20. 10.2478/aucft-2018-0008.

royalzon.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Gherkins". Venlo, Netherlands: Zon. 2017. Archived from the original on 14 November 2017. Retrieved 13 November 2017.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Zhang T, Li X, Yang Y, et al. (2019). "Genetic analysis and QTL mapping of fruit length and diameter in a cucumber (Cucumber sativus L.) recombinant inbred line (RIL) population". Scientia Horticulturae. 250: 214–222. Bibcode:2019ScHor.250..214Z. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2019.01.062. S2CID 92837522.
Shang Y, Ma Y, Zhou Y, et al. (November 2014). "Plant science. Biosynthesis, regulation, and domestication of bitterness in cucumber". Science. 346 (6213): 1084–8. Bibcode:2014Sci...346.1084S. doi:10.1126/science.1259215. PMID 25430763. S2CID 206561241.
Liu Z, Li Y, Cao C, et al. (February 2019). "The role of H2S in low temperature-induced cucurbitacin C increases in cucumber". Plant Molecular Biology. 99 (6): 535–544. Bibcode:2019PMolB..99..535L. doi:10.1007/s11103-019-00834-w. PMID 30707394. S2CID 73431225.
He J (2022). "Terpene Synthases in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and Their Contribution to Herbivore-induced Volatile Terpenoid Emission". New Phytologist. 233 (2): 862–877. Bibcode:2022NewPh.233..862H. doi:10.1111/nph.17814. hdl:11245.1/e4b87361-6747-409a-a897-0e3939f560c0. PMC 9299122. PMID 34668204. S2CID 239035917.
Shang Y, Ma Y, Zhou Y, et al. (2014). "Plant science. Biosynthesis, regulation, and domestication of bitterness in cucumber". Science. 346 (6213): 1084–8. Bibcode:2014Sci...346.1084S. doi:10.1126/science.1259215. PMID 25430763. S2CID 206561241.

tandfonline.com (Global: 507^th place; English: 429^th place)

Bisht IS, Bhat K, Tanwar SP, et al. (January 2004). "Distribution and genetic diversity of Cucumis sativus var. hardwickii (Royle) Alef in India". The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology. 79 (5): 783–791. Bibcode:2004JHSB...79..783B. doi:10.1080/14620316.2004.11511843. ISSN 1462-0316.

thekitchn.com (Global: 8,356^th place; English: 5,707^th place)

"What's The Deal With Cornichons?". Kitchn. The Kitchn. 2017. Retrieved 13 November 2017.

tufts.edu (Global: 155^th place; English: 138^th place)

perseus.tufts.edu

Pliny the Elder. [77–79 AD] 1855. "Vegetables of a Cartilaginous Nature—Cucumbers. Pepones Archived 5 June 2020 at the Wayback Machine." Ch. 23 in The Natural History XIX, translated by J. Bostock and H. T. Riley. London: Taylor & Francis. – via Perseus under PhiloLogic, also available via Perseus Project.

ucdavis.edu (Global: 1,873^rd place; English: 1,347^th place)

wifss.ucdavis.edu

"Cucumbers" (PDF). University of California-Davis: Western Institute for Food Safety and Security, US Department of Agriculture. May 2016. Retrieved 13 November 2017.

uchicago.edu (Global: 230^th place; English: 214^th place)

perseus.uchicago.edu

Pliny the Elder. [77–79 AD] 1855. "Vegetables of a Cartilaginous Nature—Cucumbers. Pepones Archived 5 June 2020 at the Wayback Machine." Ch. 23 in The Natural History XIX, translated by J. Bostock and H. T. Riley. London: Taylor & Francis. – via Perseus under PhiloLogic, also available via Perseus Project.
Pliny the Elder, Natural History XX.iii Archived 5 June 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
Pliny the Elder, Natural History XX.iv Archived 5 June 2020 at the Wayback Machine–v Archived 5 June 2020 at the Wayback Machine.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". FDA. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
"Gherkins". Venlo, Netherlands: Zon. 2017. Archived from the original on 14 November 2017. Retrieved 13 November 2017.
Pliny the Elder. [77–79 AD] 1855. "Vegetables of a Cartilaginous Nature—Cucumbers. Pepones Archived 5 June 2020 at the Wayback Machine." Ch. 23 in The Natural History XIX, translated by J. Bostock and H. T. Riley. London: Taylor & Francis. – via Perseus under PhiloLogic, also available via Perseus Project.
Pliny the Elder, Natural History XX.iii Archived 5 June 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
Pliny the Elder, Natural History XX.iv Archived 5 June 2020 at the Wayback Machine–v Archived 5 June 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
"A Brief History of Cucumbers, From Producing Vegetable Crops by Swiader et al; and A History of Horticulture in America to 1860 by U.P. Hedrick". B's Cucumber Pages. Archived from the original on 1 October 2007.

wiley.com (Global: 222^nd place; English: 297^th place)

nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Chomicki G, Schaefer H, Renner SS (June 2020). "Origin and domestication of Cucurbitaceae crops: insights from phylogenies, genomics and archaeology". New Phytologist. 226 (5): 1240–1255. Bibcode:2020NewPh.226.1240C. doi:10.1111/nph.16015. PMID 31230355.

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Weng Y (7 January 2021). "Cucumis sativus Chromosome Evolution, Domestication, and Genetic Diversity: Implications for Cucumber Breeding". Plant Breeding Reviews. Wiley. pp. 79–111. doi:10.1002/9781119717003.ch4. ISBN 978-1-119-71700-3.

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Bisht IS, Bhat K, Tanwar SP, et al. (January 2004). "Distribution and genetic diversity of Cucumis sativus var. hardwickii (Royle) Alef in India". The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology. 79 (5): 783–791. Bibcode:2004JHSB...79..783B. doi:10.1080/14620316.2004.11511843. ISSN 1462-0316.
Chomicki G, Schaefer H, Renner SS (June 2020). "Origin and domestication of Cucurbitaceae crops: insights from phylogenies, genomics and archaeology". New Phytologist. 226 (5): 1240–1255. Bibcode:2020NewPh.226.1240C. doi:10.1111/nph.16015. ISSN 0028-646X. PMID 31230355.

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Higginson, Francis. [1630] 1906. New-Englands Plantation. Salem, MA: Essex Book and Print Club. OCLC 1049892552. p. 5.

Cucumber (English Wikipedia)

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