Cultural depictions of salamanders (English Wikipedia)

Albrecht von Scharfenberg (1842). Hahn, Karl August [in German] (ed.). Der jüngere Titurel. Quedlinburg: G. Basse. Stanza 751, p. 75.
Hall (1928), Chapter: "The Elements and Their Inhabitants", p. 105 and Fig. "A Salamander, according to Paracelsus". Web version (2009), pp. 319–320 and Figure Hall, Manly P. (1928). "The Elements and Their Inhabitants". The Secret Teachings of All Ages: An Encyclopedic Outline of Masonic, Hermetic, Qabbalistic and Rosicrucian Symbolical Philosophy. San Francisco: H. S. Crocker – via sacred-texts.com/Evinity Publishing.
- Principe, Lawrence M.; Haage, Bernard D.; Buntz, Herwig; Coudert, Allison P.; Caron, Richard (2019). "Alchemy III: 12th/13th - 15th century". The Brill Dictionary of Gnosis and Western Esotericism. Brill. p. 40.
- Fox-Davies, Arthur (1909), A Complete Guide to Heraldry. London: T.C. and E.C. Jack, p 230.

attalus.org (Global: 5,033^rd place; English: 3,554^th place)

Aelian (1958). Scholfield, A.F. (ed.). De Natura Animalium. Loeb. p. Bk. 2, Sec. 30. Retrieved 10 March 2021.

bartleby.com (Global: 1,295^th place; English: 1,196^th place)

Thomas Bulfinch (1913). Age of Fable: Vols. I & II: Stories of Gods and Heroes: XXXVI. e. The Salamander

berkeley.edu (Global: 580^th place; English: 462^nd place)

elib.cs.berkeley.edu

Sergius L. Kuzmin (1999-10-06). "AmphibiaWeb: Salamandra salamandra".^{[permanent dead link]}
Arie van der Meijden (1999-12-30). "AmphibiaWeb: Salamandra atra".^{[permanent dead link]} The salamander and the "stellio" (starred) newt are confounded in later times (cf. Bodley 764 below, and also § Gessner).

biodiversitylibrary.org (Global: 387^th place; English: 373^rd place)

Linnaeus, Carl (1758). Systema Naturae. Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Stockholm: Laurentius Salvius. p. 205.
Gesner, Konrad (1586). "De Cordulo rursus ex bellnio". Conr. Gesneri... Historiae animalium liber II. ex officina typographica Ioannis Wecheli. pp. 80–81. copy @ Biodiversity Project.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Byghan, Yowann (2020). "Salamander". Sacred and Mythological Animals: A Worldwide Taxonomy. London: McFarland. pp. 297–298. ISBN 9781476679501.
Ragan, Mark A. (2023). Kingdoms, Empires, and Domains: The History of High-Level Biological Classification. Oxford University Press. p. 57. ISBN 9780197643037.
Cresswell, Richard tr. (1897) Aristotle's History of Animals: In Ten Books, Book V, Ch. XVII, Sec. 13. London: George Bell
Weitzmann, Kurt (2014). Greek Mythology in Byzantine Art. Princeton Legacy Library. pp. 27–28. ISBN 9781400857425.
Pliny the Elder, The Natural History X.86 (66–67)), John Bostock and Henry Thomas Riley, eds., London: Taylor and Francis, 1855. Translation slightly modified.
Pliny the Elder, The Natural History XXIX.23), John Bostock and Henry Thomas Riley, eds., London: Taylor and Francis, 1856.
Martial; Bohn, Henry George ed. (1888) Epigrams II.66, London: George Bell & sons
Caius Plinius Secundus (1963). "XXIII.23". Natural History. Loeb classical library. Vol. Libri XXVIII-XXXII. Translated by Harris Rackham. Harvard University Press. p. 222. ISBN 9780434994182. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
White, T. H., ed. (1988). The Book of Beasts: Being a Translation from a Latin Bestiary of the Twelfth Century. Dover. pp. 182–184. ISBN 9780486246093.
Bodson, Liliane (2002). "Amphibians and Reptiles". In Jashemski, Wilhelmina Feemster; Meyer, Frederick G. (eds.). The Natural History of Pompeii. Cambridge University Press. pp. 329–330. ISBN 978-0-521-80054-9.
Jastrow, Marcus (1899). "salamandra" סָלָמַנְדְּרָה. A Dictionary of the Targumim: The Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi and the Midrashic Literature. Yerushalmi and the Midrashic Literature 11. London: Luzac & Company. p. 995.
Singer, Isidore; Adler, Cyrus, eds. (1916). "salamander" סָלָמַנְדְּרָה. The Jewish Encyclopedia. London: Funk and Wagnalls. p. 646.
Slifkin (2007), pp. 287–288. Slifkin, Nosson (2007). Sacred Monsters: Mysterious and Mythical Creatures of Scripture, Talmud and Midrash. Zoo Torah. pp. 287–. ISBN 9781933143187.
Grant, Robert M. (2002). Early Christians and Animals. Routledge. pp. 110–111. ISBN 9781134633753.
Kay, Sarah (2017). Animal Skins and the Reading Self in Medieval Latin and French Bestiaries. University of Chicago Press. pp. 7–8. ISBN 9780226436739.
McCulloch, Florence (1962) [1960]. Mediaeval Latin and French Bestiaries (revised ed.). Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. pp. 161–162. ISBN 9780807890332. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help); [ Reprint], C. N. Potter, 1976
Laufer (1915), pp. 317–318. Laufer, Berthold (1915). "Asbestos and Salamander: An essay in Chinese and Hellenistic Folk-lore". T'oung Pao, ou Archives concernant l'histoire, les langues, la géographie et l'éthnographie de l'Asie orientale 通報. 16: 299–373.
Beylage, Peter (2018). Middle Egyptian. Penn State Press. p. 6. ISBN 9781646022021.
Wildish, Mark (2017). "Preface". The Hieroglyphics of Horapollo Nilous: Hieroglyphic Semantics in Late Antiquity. Routledge. p. xiii. ISBN 9781351376532.
—— (2002) [1940]. "62. Πῶς ἄνθρωπον ὑπος (οὐ) καιόμενον". In Sbordone, Francesco (ed.). Hori Apollinis Hieroglyphica. Hildesheim: Georg Olms Verlag. pp. 175–176. ISBN 9783487418858.
Horapollo (1993) [1950]. "Book II, Chapter 62. Salamander". The Hieroglyphics of Horapollo. Translated by Boas, George. Foreword by Anthony T. Grafton. Princeton University Press. p. 84. ISBN 9780691000923.
Anthony T. Grafton, foreword, Horapollo (1993), p. xiv
Barber, Richard, ed. (1993). Bestiary: Being an English Version of the Bodleian Library, Oxford M.S. Bodley 764 : with All the Original Miniatures Reproduced in Facsimile. Boydell Press. pp. 116–119. ISBN 9780851157535.
Clark, Willene B. (2006). "105 Salamander". A Medieval Book of Beasts: The Second-family Bestiary : Commentary, Art, Text and Translation. Boydell Press. pp. 200–201. ISBN 9780851156828.
Marco Polo (1921). "Ch. XLII. Of the Province of Chingintalas". The Book of Ser Marco Polo: The Venetian. Vol. 1. Translated by Henry Yule. London: J. Murray. p. 216, n6.
Apostolos-Cappadona, Diane (2020). A Guide to Christian Art. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 222. ISBN 9780567685148.
Duchalais, Alphonse (1848–1849). "Chasteté et luxure, noblesse et vilenie". Bibliothèque de l'École des Chartes: Revue d'érudition. iie série. 5: 31–44. JSTOR 42997973.
Mâle, Émile (1913). Religious Art in France, XIII Century: A Study in Mediaeval Iconography and Its Sources of Inspiration. Translated by Dora Nussey. London: J. M. Dent & sons. pp. 117–118, Fig. 58., from the French, 1st ed. (1898), p. 159, Fig. 41
Volfing, Annette (2007). Medieval Literacy and Textuality in Middle High German: Reading and Writing in Albrecht's Jüngerer Titurel. Springer. Ch. 3, p. 55. ISBN 9780230607224.
Albrecht von Scharfenberg (1968). Wolf, Werner [in German]; Nyholm, Kurt (eds.). Albrechts von Scharfenberg Jüngerer Titurel. Akademie-Verlag. p. 520.
Volfing (2007) Endnote 81 citing J. T. 4027–4029: "des taten nicht die haiden.. (4028).. salamander.. da mit dew weip durch minne.. (4029).. vnminne dew immer prennet".^[65]
Andreani, Veronica (2016). "Gaspara Stampa as Salamander and Phoenix: Reshaping the Tradition of the Abandoned Woman". In Falkeid, Unn; Feng, Aileen (eds.). Rethinking Gaspara Stampa in the Canon of Renaissance Poetry. Routledge. p. 182. ISBN 9781317064213.
Leonardo Da Vinci (1883). "Book XX: Humorous Writings, The Notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci". In Richter, Jean Paul (ed.). The Literary Works of Leonardo Da Vinci. Vol. 2. London: Samson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington. p. 322.
Lykosthenes, Konrad (1557). Prodigiorum ac ostentorum chronicon quae praeter naturae ordinem, motum, et operationem, et in superioribus & his inferioribus mundi regionibus, ab exordio mundi usque ad haec nostra tempora, acciderunt. Basel: Per Henricum Petri. p. 23.
Paracelsus & Sigerist tr. (1941) "A Book on Nymphs, Sylphs, Pygmies, and Salamanders..", pp. 231–235 et passim. Paracelsus (1996) [1941]. "IV. A Book on Nymphs, Sylphs, Pygmies, and Salamanders, and on the Other Spirits". Four Treatises of Theophrastus Von Hohenheim Called Paracelsus. Translated by Sigerist, Henry. Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 213–255. ISBN 9780801855238.
Hartmann, Franz (1902). "V. Pneumatology". The Life and the Doctrines of Paracelsus. New York: Theosophical Publishing Company. pp. 152–157.
Handwörterbuch des Deutschen Aberglaubens, Walter de Gruyter (1974), s.v. "Paracelsus", pp. 13951398.
Paracelsus & Sigerist tr. (1941), p. 221 Just as sirens were "monsters" (German: Mißgeburten^[83]) of the water people (water spirit, undine), the giants of the sylphs (wind spirit), the dwarfs of the pygmies (earth spirit). Paracelsus (1996) [1941]. "IV. A Book on Nymphs, Sylphs, Pygmies, and Salamanders, and on the Other Spirits". Four Treatises of Theophrastus Von Hohenheim Called Paracelsus. Translated by Sigerist, Henry. Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 213–255. ISBN 9780801855238.
von Hohenheim (Paracelsus), Theophrastus (1603). "Ein Auslegung der Figuren So Zu Nürnberg Gefunden Sind Worden". Bücher und Schriften: Adiunctus est Index rerum et verborum accuratiß. Et copiosissimus. p. 375.
**s (1845). "Paracelsus als Bekämpfer des Papstthums". Für christkatholisches Leben: Materialien zur Geschichte der christkatholischen Kirche. 1: 251.
Netzhammer, Raymund (1900). Theophrastus Paracelsus: das wissenswerteste über leben, lehre und schriften des berühmten Einsiedler arztes. Benziger. p. 34. ISBN 9785877313644. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Gesner, Konrad (1586). "De Cordulo rursus ex bellnio". Conr. Gesneri... Historiae animalium liber II. ex officina typographica Ioannis Wecheli. pp. 80–81. copy @ Biodiversity Project.
Baigrie, Brian Scott (1996). Picturing Knowledge: Historical and Philosophical Problems Concerning the Use of Art in Science. University of Toronto Press. p. 222. ISBN 9780802074393.
Sax, Boria (2017). Lizard. Reaktion Books. ISBN 9781780238722.
Bacon, Francis (1815) [1627]. "Salamander". Sylva sylvarum II. The Works of Francis Bacon 9. M. Jones. p. 49.
Cole, Herbert (1922). Heraldry and Floral Forms as Used in Decoration. London: J. M. Dent & Sons Limited. pp. 66–67.
Cuminetto, Julien; Bonnet, Laurent (2023). "Chambord: le joyau de la rennaisance française". Rois et reines de France (in French). Illustré par Anne-Laure Varoutsikos. Marabout. p. 98. ISBN 9782501186254.
Sébillot, Paul (1906). Le folk-lore de France: La faune et la flore (in French). Vol. 3. Paris: E. Guilmoto. p. 270.
Haupt, Karl [in German] (1862). "61. Der Feuerpuhz in Lauban". Sagenbuch der Lausitz: Das Geisterreich. Vol. 1. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann. pp. 61–62.
Li Shizhen (2021b). "51-39-A07 Huo shu 火鼠 fire rat/mouse". Ben Cao Gang Mu, Volume IX: Fowls, Domestic and Wild Animals, Human Substances. Translated by Paul U. Unschuld. Univ of California Press. p. 870. ISBN 9780520976993.
Berthold Laufer tr., apud Needham (1959), p. 658 Needham, Joseph (1959). "Asbestos". Science and Civilisation in China: Volume 3, Mathematics and the Sciences of the Heavens and the Earth. Cambridge University Press. pp. 655–. ISBN 9780521058018. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Laufer (1915), pp. 312–314. Laufer, Berthold (1915). "Asbestos and Salamander: An essay in Chinese and Hellenistic Folk-lore". T'oung Pao, ou Archives concernant l'histoire, les langues, la géographie et l'éthnographie de l'Asie orientale 通報. 16: 299–373.
Laufer (1915), pp. 318–322. Laufer, Berthold (1915). "Asbestos and Salamander: An essay in Chinese and Hellenistic Folk-lore". T'oung Pao, ou Archives concernant l'histoire, les langues, la géographie et l'éthnographie de l'Asie orientale 通報. 16: 299–373.
d'Herbelot. Vol. 3 (1778) "Samandar [sic.]", p. 182
Laufer (1915), pp. 318–319. Laufer, Berthold (1915). "Asbestos and Salamander: An essay in Chinese and Hellenistic Folk-lore". T'oung Pao, ou Archives concernant l'histoire, les langues, la géographie et l'éthnographie de l'Asie orientale 通報. 16: 299–373.
Laufer (1915), p. 319. Laufer, Berthold (1915). "Asbestos and Salamander: An essay in Chinese and Hellenistic Folk-lore". T'oung Pao, ou Archives concernant l'histoire, les langues, la géographie et l'éthnographie de l'Asie orientale 通報. 16: 299–373.
Laufer (1915), pp. 322, 328. Laufer, Berthold (1915). "Asbestos and Salamander: An essay in Chinese and Hellenistic Folk-lore". T'oung Pao, ou Archives concernant l'histoire, les langues, la géographie et l'éthnographie de l'Asie orientale 通報. 16: 299–373.
Laufer (1915), p. 325. Laufer, Berthold (1915). "Asbestos and Salamander: An essay in Chinese and Hellenistic Folk-lore". T'oung Pao, ou Archives concernant l'histoire, les langues, la géographie et l'éthnographie de l'Asie orientale 通報. 16: 299–373.
Laufer (1915), p. 324. Laufer, Berthold (1915). "Asbestos and Salamander: An essay in Chinese and Hellenistic Folk-lore". T'oung Pao, ou Archives concernant l'histoire, les langues, la géographie et l'éthnographie de l'Asie orientale 通報. 16: 299–373.

ccel.org (Global: 1,688^th place; English: 1,180^th place)

Augustine of Hippo. Philip Schaff (ed.). St. Augustine's City of God and Christian Doctrine (in English and Latin). p. 454 (Book 21, Ch. 4).: "If, therefore, the salamander lives in fire, as naturalists have recorded, and if certain famous mountains of Sicily have been continually on fire from the remotest antiquity until now, and yet remain entire, these are sufficiently convincing examples that everything which burns is not consumed."

compendiumnaturalis.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

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Clare Browne, "Salamander's Wool: The Historical Evidence for Textiles Woven with Asbestos Fibre", Textile History, Volume 34, Number 1, May 2003, pp. 64–73(10) (abstract)

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

Hillman (2001), p. 94. Hillman, D. C. A. (2001). "The Salamander as a Drug in Nicander's Writings". Pharmacy in History. 43 (2/3): 93–96. JSTOR 41112052.
Hillman (2001), pp. 93–94. Hillman, D. C. A. (2001). "The Salamander as a Drug in Nicander's Writings". Pharmacy in History. 43 (2/3): 93–96. JSTOR 41112052.
Hillman (2001), p. 93. Hillman, D. C. A. (2001). "The Salamander as a Drug in Nicander's Writings". Pharmacy in History. 43 (2/3): 93–96. JSTOR 41112052.
Hillman (2001), p. 94, quoting Aetius of Amida, Iatricorum, Book 13 on the dangers of salamanders and caterpillars falling in the food or boiling water while journeying. Hillman considers this more likely possibility than the administration of some sort of medicine. Hillman, D. C. A. (2001). "The Salamander as a Drug in Nicander's Writings". Pharmacy in History. 43 (2/3): 93–96. JSTOR 41112052.
Hillman (2001), p. 94: "removal of unwanted hairs", with note 9 citing Martial's Epigrams 2.64 [sic.] and Petronius, Satyricon, chap. 107 sect. 15, etc. Hillman, D. C. A. (2001). "The Salamander as a Drug in Nicander's Writings". Pharmacy in History. 43 (2/3): 93–96. JSTOR 41112052.
Hillman (2001), p. 95. Hillman, D. C. A. (2001). "The Salamander as a Drug in Nicander's Writings". Pharmacy in History. 43 (2/3): 93–96. JSTOR 41112052.
Aristotle's "element" theory and Pliny constitute the two major explanations for fire resistance among some 90 references to the salamander in antiquity (Hillman (2001), p. 94). Cf. also his note 5 "74. Note that Pliny is adamantly opposed to this view.. if this belief were true it would have al- ready been demonstrated" Hillman, D. C. A. (2001). "The Salamander as a Drug in Nicander's Writings". Pharmacy in History. 43 (2/3): 93–96. JSTOR 41112052.
As pointed out by Hillman (2001), p. 94, notes 5 (partially quoted above) and note 6. Hillman, D. C. A. (2001). "The Salamander as a Drug in Nicander's Writings". Pharmacy in History. 43 (2/3): 93–96. JSTOR 41112052.
Hillman (2001), p. 24. Hillman, D. C. A. (2001). "The Salamander as a Drug in Nicander's Writings". Pharmacy in History. 43 (2/3): 93–96. JSTOR 41112052.
Duchalais, Alphonse (1848–1849). "Chasteté et luxure, noblesse et vilenie". Bibliothèque de l'École des Chartes: Revue d'érudition. iie série. 5: 31–44. JSTOR 42997973.

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sacred-texts.com (Global: 654^th place; English: 542^nd place)

Hall (1928), Chapter: "The Elements and Their Inhabitants", p. 105 and Fig. "A Salamander, according to Paracelsus". Web version (2009), pp. 319–320 and Figure Hall, Manly P. (1928). "The Elements and Their Inhabitants". The Secret Teachings of All Ages: An Encyclopedic Outline of Masonic, Hermetic, Qabbalistic and Rosicrucian Symbolical Philosophy. San Francisco: H. S. Crocker – via sacred-texts.com/Evinity Publishing.

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Catholic Archbishop Raymund Netzhammer [de] (1862–1945) explained that the set of woodcuts was commissioned by Osiander based on some old "pope illustrations" found at the monastery, perhaps dating back to the time of Joachim of Fiore (d. 1202).^[95]
Albrecht von Scharfenberg (1842). Hahn, Karl August [in German] (ed.). Der jüngere Titurel. Quedlinburg: G. Basse. Stanza 751, p. 75.
Albrecht von Scharfenberg (1968). Wolf, Werner [in German]; Nyholm, Kurt (eds.). Albrechts von Scharfenberg Jüngerer Titurel. Akademie-Verlag. p. 520.
Haupt, Karl [in German] (1862). "61. Der Feuerpuhz in Lauban". Sagenbuch der Lausitz: Das Geisterreich. Vol. 1. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann. pp. 61–62.

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Brasey, Édouard (14 September 2007). La Petite Encyclopédie du merveilleux. Paris: Éditions le pré aux clercs. pp. 161–162. ISBN 978-2842283216.

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Forged Iron Salamander at Jas. Townsend and Son YouTube

Cultural depictions of salamanders (English Wikipedia)

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