Cuneiform (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Cuneiform" in English language version.

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academia.edu (Global: 105th place; English: 99th place)

  • Huehnergard, John (2004). "Akkadian and Eblaite". Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages. Cambridge University Press. p. 218. ISBN 978-0-521-56256-0. Connected Akkadian texts appear c. 2350 and continue more or less uninterrupted for the next two and a half millennia...
  • Archi, Alfonso (2015). "How the Anitta text reached Hattusa". Saeculum: Gedenkschrift für Heinrich Otten anlässlich seines 100. Geburtstags. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ISBN 978-3-447-10365-7. The existence of the Anitta text demonstrates that there was not a sudden and total interruption in writing but a phase of adaptation to a new writing.
  • Cf. The Cylinder of Antiochus I from the Ezida temple in Borsippa (BM 36277), p.4 by M. Stol and R.J. van der Spek and Antiochus I 01 by The Royal Inscriptions of Babylonia online (RIBo) Project.
    The transliteration here differs slightly from these sources by rendering the determinative for male personal names 𒁹 with the Sumerian reading of the sign DIŠ, whereas it is more commonly transcribed with the conventional letter M today. The spellings 𒂍𒊕𒅍 (É.SAG.ÍL) and 𒂍𒍣𒁕 (É.ZI.DA) can also be read phonetically in Akkadian (as they are in the second source), because the names themselves have been borrowed into Akkadian with their Sumerian pronunciations. Conversely, the sign 𒆗, which may have the phonetic value dan in Akkadian, was nevertheless originally a Sumerian logogram KAL 'strong'. Finally, 𒅇 (ù) was the word for 'and' not only in Akkadian, but also in Sumerian.

archaeology.org (Global: 4,349th place; English: 3,410th place)

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doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

etana.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66th place; English: 34th place)

helsinki.fi (Global: 1,384th place; English: 2,463rd place)

researchportal.helsinki.fi

  • Alstola, Tero, et al., "Sources at the End of the Cuneiform Era", Studia Orientalia Electronica 11.2, pp. 5-29, 2023

jh.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

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journal.fi (Global: 9,795th place; English: low place)

  • Lang, Martin, "Construction of Identities and Late Mesopotamian Archives as Found in the Fragments of the ‘Graeco-Babyloniaca’", Studia Orientalia 11.2, pp. 130-137, 2023

jstor.org (Global: 23rd place; English: 15th place)

leidenuniv.nl (Global: 5,966th place; English: 5,144th place)

openaccess.leidenuniv.nl

  • Jagersma, Abraham Hendrik (2010). A descriptive grammar of Sumerian (PDF) (Thesis). Faculty of the Humanities, Leiden University. p. 15. In its fully developed form, the Sumerian script is based on a mixture of logographic and phonographic writing. There are basically two types of signs: word signs, or logograms, and sound signs, or phonograms.

libertyfund.org (Global: low place; English: 7,553rd place)

  • "Our Logo". libertyfund.org. Liberty Fund. Retrieved May 14, 2020. The cuneiform inscription that serves as Liberty Fund's logo and as a design element in our books is the earliest-known written appearance of the word 'freedom' (amagi), or 'liberty'. It is taken from a clay document written about 2300 B.C. in the Sumerian city-state of Lagash.

livius.org (Global: 2,150th place; English: 2,305th place)

  • "DPa". Livius. April 16, 2020. Retrieved March 19, 2023.
  • "XPe". Livius. September 24, 2020. Retrieved March 19, 2023.

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mdpi.com (Global: 1,887th place; English: 3,593rd place)

  • Debourse, Céline, and Michael Jursa, "Conceptualizing a Priestly World: Past, Present, and Future in Hellenistic Babylon", Religions 16.6, pp. 731, 2025

metmuseum.org (Global: 854th place; English: 646th place)

nature.com (Global: 207th place; English: 347th place)

  • Michel, Cécile, et al., "Deciphering 4000-year-old cuneiform letters hidden in clay envelopes using a mobile X-ray computed tomography scanner", npj Heritage Science, 2026

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uchicago.edu (Global: 226th place; English: 199th place)

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ucla.edu (Global: 885th place; English: 584th place)

cdli.ucla.edu

  • Robert K. Englund, "Proto-Cuneiform Account-Books and Journals", in Michael Hudson and Cornelia Wunsch, eds., Creating Economic Order: Record-keeping, Standardization and the Development of Accounting in the Ancient Near East (CDL Press: Bethesda, Maryland, USA) pp. 23–46, 2004
  • Born, L., & Kelley, K. (2021). A Quantitative Analysis of Proto-Cuneiform Sign Use in Archaic Tribute. Cuneiform Digital Library Bulletin, 006
  • Foxvog, Daniel A. Introduction to Sumerian grammar (PDF). p. 12. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 3, 2017
  • For the original inscription: Rawlinson, H. C. Cuneiform inscriptions of Western Asia (PDF). p. 3, column 2, line 98. For the transliteration in Sumerian an-szar2-du3-a man kur_ an-szar2{ki}: "CDLI-Archival View". cdli.ucla.edu. For the translation: Luckenbill, David. Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonia Volume II (PDF). p. 297. For the Assyrian pronunciation: Quentin, A. (1895). "Inscription Inédite du Roi Assurbanipal: Copiée Au Musée Britannique le 24 Avril 1886". Revue Biblique (1892-1940). 4 (4): 554. ISSN 1240-3032. JSTOR 44100170.

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scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl

  • Bennison-Chapman, Lucy E. "Reconsidering 'Tokens': The Neolithic Origins of Accounting or Multifunctional, Utilitarian Tools?." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 29.2 (2019): 233–259.

upenn.edu (Global: 784th place; English: 498th place)

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utexas.edu (Global: 868th place; English: 634th place)

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  • Kimball, Sara E.; Slocum, Jonathan. "Hittite Online". The University of Texas at Austin Linguistics Research Center. Early Indo-European OnLine. 2 The Cuneiform Syllabary. Hittite is written in a form of the cuneiform syllabary, a writing system in use in Sumerian city-states in Mesopotamia by roughly 3100 BC and used to write a number of languages in the ancient Near East until the first century BC

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