Cybele (English Wikipedia)

Roller 1999, pp. 228–232. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, pp. 67–68. This displaces the root meaning of "Cybele" as "she of the hair": see C.H.E. Haspels, The Highlands of Phrygia, 1971, I 293 no 13, noted in Burkert 1985 notes 17 and 18. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7. Burkert, Walter (1985). "III.3.4". Greek Religion. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-06-74-36281-9.
Roller 1999, p. 53. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Kubaba was a queen of Kish's Third dynasty. She was worshipped at Carchemish, and her name was Hellenized as Kybebe. Motz 1997, pp. 105–106 takes this as the likely source of kubilya (cf. Roller 1999, pp. 67–68, where kubileya = mountain). Motz, Lotte (1997). The Faces of the Goddess. US: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-01-95-08967-7. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Pausanias, Description of Greece: "the Magnesians, who live to the north of Spil Mount, have on the rock Coddinus the most ancient of all the images of the Mother of the gods. The Magnesians say that it was made by Broteas the son of Tantalus." The image was probably Hittite in origin; see Roller 1999, p. 200. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, pp. 110–114. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, pp. 69–71. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, pp. 111, 114, 140; for quotation, see p. 146. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, p. 125, citing Pindar, fragment 80 (Snell), Despoina Kubéla Mātēr ([δέσπ]οιν[αν] Κυβέ[λαν] ματ[έρα]). Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, pp. 144–145, 170–176. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, p. 135. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, p. 122. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, pp. 145–149. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, p. 157. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, pp. 143. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, pp. 225–227. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, pp. 149–151 and footnotes 20 – 25, citing Homeric Hymn 14, Pindar, Dithyramb II.10 (Snell), Euripides, Helen, 1347; Palamedes (Strabo 10.3.13); Bacchae, 64 – 169, Strabo 10.3.15 – 17 et al. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, pp. 156–157. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, pp. 162–167. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, pp. 140–144. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, pp. 161–163. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller, L., in Lane 1996, p. 306. See also Roller 1999, pp. 129, 139. Lane, Eugene, ed. (1996). Cybele, Attis, and Related Cults: Essays in Memory of M.J. Vermaseren. Religions in the Graeco-Roman World. Vol. 131. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-10196-8. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, pp. 168–169. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, pp. 171–172 (and notes 110 – 115), 173. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Demosthenes, On the Crown, 260: cf the cry iache, invoking the god Iacchus in Demeter's Eleusinian Mysteries; Roller 1999, p. 181 Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, pp. 113–114. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, p. 282. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
In Roman tradition, the she-wolf who found Romulus and Remus sheltered them in her lair on the Palatine, the Lupercal. See also Roller 1999, p. 273 Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, pp. 282–285. For statue description, see Summers, in Lane 1996, pp. 363–364. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7. Lane, Eugene, ed. (1996). Cybele, Attis, and Related Cults: Essays in Memory of M.J. Vermaseren. Religions in the Graeco-Roman World. Vol. 131. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-10196-8.
In Greece and Phrygia, most cults to the goddess were popular, and privately funded; her former, ancient role as goddess of the former Phrygian State was as defunct as the state itself. See Roller 1999, p. 317. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, p. 280, citing Ovid, Fasti, 4. 299; cf "Phrygian Mater and Greek Meter, for whom fertility was rarely an issue, and whose association with wild and unstructured mountain landscape was directly at odds with agriculture and the settled countryside". Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, pp. 282, 314. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, pp. 315–316. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
It was probably copied from a Greek original; the same appears on the Pergamon Altar. See Roller 1999, p. 315. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Dionysius_of_Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities, trans. Cary, Loeb, 1935, 2, 19, 3 – 5. See also commentary in Roller 1999, p. 293 and note 39: "... one can see how a Phrygian [priest] in an elaborately embroidered robe might have clashed noticeably with the plain, largely monochromatic Roman tunic and toga"; cf Augustus's "efforts to stress the white toga as the proper dress for Romans." Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, p. 296, citing Cicero, De Haruspicum Responsis, 13. 28. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, p. 317. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, p. 314. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, p. 279. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
As it was of her priest at Pessinus in the 2nd century BC: see Roller 1999, pp. 178–181. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, p. 206. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
See Roller 1999, pp. 290–291, citing Diodorus's description of Battakes, and the latter's prediction of Roman victory in Plutarch, "Life of Marius," 17. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, pp. 318–319. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, p. 292. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, p. 315, citing CILl 6.496. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, pp. 137–138. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, pp. 162–163, 216–217. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, p. 175. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, pp. 161–162. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, pp. 163. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, pp. 309–310. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, pp. 256–257. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, pp. 241–244 Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, pp. 244–255 Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, pp. 304–305. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, pp. 302–304. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.
Roller 1999, pp. 297–299, citing Lucretius, De Rerum Natura, 2,598 – 660. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Both names are inscribed on the stele. Roller offers Agdistis as Phrygian Kybele's personal name. See Roller 1994, pp. 248–56. For discussion and critique on this and other complex narrative, cultic and mythological links among Cybele, Agdistis, and Attis, see Lancellotti, Maria Grazia, Brill, 2002 Attis, between myth and history: king, priest, and God, Archived 2016-04-29 at the Wayback Machine Brill, 2002. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1994). "Attis on Greek Votive Monuments; Greek God or Phrygian?". Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. 63 (2): 245–262. JSTOR 148115 – via Studylib.

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dra.revistas.csic.es

Ortiz García 2006, pp. 199–200. Ortiz García, Carmen (2006). "La Diosa Blanca y el Real Madrid. Celebraciones deportivas y espacio urbano". Disparidades. Revista de Antropología. 61 (2). Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas: 191–208. doi:10.3989/rdtp.2006.v61.i2.21. hdl:10261/7766. ISSN 0034-7981.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Roscoe 1996, p. 200. Roscoe, Will (1996). "Priests of the Goddess: Gender Transgression in Ancient Religion". History of Religions. 35 (3): 195–230. doi:10.1086/463425. S2CID 162368477..
Roller believes that the name "Attis" was originally associated with the Phrygian Royal family and inherited by a Phrygian priesthood or theocracy devoted to the Mother Goddess, consistent with Attis' mythology as deified servant or priest of his goddess. Greek cults and Greek art associate this "Phrygian" costume with several non-Greek, "oriental" peoples, including their erstwhile foes, the Persians and Trojans. In some Greek states, Attis was met with outright hostility; but his vaguely "Trojan" associations would have been counted in his favour for the eventual promotion of his Roman cult. See Roller 1994, pp. 248–256. See also Roscoe 1996, pp. 198–199, and Johnstone, in Lane 1996, p. 106-107. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1994). "Attis on Greek Votive Monuments; Greek God or Phrygian?". Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. 63 (2): 245–262. JSTOR 148115 – via Studylib. Roscoe, Will (1996). "Priests of the Goddess: Gender Transgression in Ancient Religion". History of Religions. 35 (3): 195–230. doi:10.1086/463425. S2CID 162368477.. Lane, Eugene, ed. (1996). Cybele, Attis, and Related Cults: Essays in Memory of M.J. Vermaseren. Religions in the Graeco-Roman World. Vol. 131. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-10196-8.
Roscoe 1996, p. 203. Roscoe, Will (1996). "Priests of the Goddess: Gender Transgression in Ancient Religion". History of Religions. 35 (3): 195–230. doi:10.1086/463425. S2CID 162368477..
The Christian apologist Firmicus Maternus describes them as unnatural monstrosities and prodigies, filled "with an unholy spirit so as to seemingly predict the future to idle men"; see Roscoe 1996, p. 196. Roscoe, Will (1996). "Priests of the Goddess: Gender Transgression in Ancient Religion". History of Religions. 35 (3): 195–230. doi:10.1086/463425. S2CID 162368477..
Roscoe 1996, p. 203, citing Pliny the Elder, Natural History, 11.261; 35.165, and noting that "Procedures called "castration" in ancient times encompassed everything from vasectomy to complete removal of penis and testicles. Roscoe, Will (1996). "Priests of the Goddess: Gender Transgression in Ancient Religion". History of Religions. 35 (3): 195–230. doi:10.1086/463425. S2CID 162368477..
Roscoe 1996, p. 203, and note 34, citing as example, the thanksgiving dedication to the Mother Goddess by a Gallus from Cyzicus (in Anatolia), in gratitude for her intervention on behalf of the soldier Marcus Stlaticus, his partner "(oulppiou, a term also applied to a husband or wife)". Roscoe, Will (1996). "Priests of the Goddess: Gender Transgression in Ancient Religion". History of Religions. 35 (3): 195–230. doi:10.1086/463425. S2CID 162368477..
Ortiz García 2006, pp. 199–200. Ortiz García, Carmen (2006). "La Diosa Blanca y el Real Madrid. Celebraciones deportivas y espacio urbano". Disparidades. Revista de Antropología. 61 (2). Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas: 191–208. doi:10.3989/rdtp.2006.v61.i2.21. hdl:10261/7766. ISSN 0034-7981.

efales-ar.gr (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Sanctuary of Cybele in Mytilene | Ψηφιακή ενοποίηση των αρχ/κών χώρων της Λέσβου". Retrieved 2025-09-05.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Ortiz García 2006, pp. 199–200. Ortiz García, Carmen (2006). "La Diosa Blanca y el Real Madrid. Celebraciones deportivas y espacio urbano". Disparidades. Revista de Antropología. 61 (2). Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas: 191–208. doi:10.3989/rdtp.2006.v61.i2.21. hdl:10261/7766. ISSN 0034-7981.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Roller 1994, pp. 248–56, suggests "Agdistis" as Cybele's personal name at Pessinos. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1994). "Attis on Greek Votive Monuments; Greek God or Phrygian?". Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. 63 (2): 245–262. JSTOR 148115 – via Studylib.
Roller 1994, p. 249. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1994). "Attis on Greek Votive Monuments; Greek God or Phrygian?". Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. 63 (2): 245–262. JSTOR 148115 – via Studylib.
Roller 1994, p. 253. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1994). "Attis on Greek Votive Monuments; Greek God or Phrygian?". Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. 63 (2): 245–262. JSTOR 148115 – via Studylib.
Roller believes that the name "Attis" was originally associated with the Phrygian Royal family and inherited by a Phrygian priesthood or theocracy devoted to the Mother Goddess, consistent with Attis' mythology as deified servant or priest of his goddess. Greek cults and Greek art associate this "Phrygian" costume with several non-Greek, "oriental" peoples, including their erstwhile foes, the Persians and Trojans. In some Greek states, Attis was met with outright hostility; but his vaguely "Trojan" associations would have been counted in his favour for the eventual promotion of his Roman cult. See Roller 1994, pp. 248–256. See also Roscoe 1996, pp. 198–199, and Johnstone, in Lane 1996, p. 106-107. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1994). "Attis on Greek Votive Monuments; Greek God or Phrygian?". Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. 63 (2): 245–262. JSTOR 148115 – via Studylib. Roscoe, Will (1996). "Priests of the Goddess: Gender Transgression in Ancient Religion". History of Religions. 35 (3): 195–230. doi:10.1086/463425. S2CID 162368477.. Lane, Eugene, ed. (1996). Cybele, Attis, and Related Cults: Essays in Memory of M.J. Vermaseren. Religions in the Graeco-Roman World. Vol. 131. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-10196-8.
Both names are inscribed on the stele. Roller offers Agdistis as Phrygian Kybele's personal name. See Roller 1994, pp. 248–56. For discussion and critique on this and other complex narrative, cultic and mythological links among Cybele, Agdistis, and Attis, see Lancellotti, Maria Grazia, Brill, 2002 Attis, between myth and history: king, priest, and God, Archived 2016-04-29 at the Wayback Machine Brill, 2002. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1994). "Attis on Greek Votive Monuments; Greek God or Phrygian?". Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. 63 (2): 245–262. JSTOR 148115 – via Studylib.
The syrinx was a simple rustic instrument, associated with Pan, Greek god of shepherds, flocks, wild and wooded places, and unbridled sexuality. See Johnston, in Lane 1996, pp. 107–111, and Roller 1994, pp. 177–180. Pan is a "natural companion" for Cybele, and there is evidence of their joint cults. Lane, Eugene, ed. (1996). Cybele, Attis, and Related Cults: Essays in Memory of M.J. Vermaseren. Religions in the Graeco-Roman World. Vol. 131. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-10196-8. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1994). "Attis on Greek Votive Monuments; Greek God or Phrygian?". Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. 63 (2): 245–262. JSTOR 148115 – via Studylib.
Roller 1994, p. 254. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1994). "Attis on Greek Votive Monuments; Greek God or Phrygian?". Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. 63 (2): 245–262. JSTOR 148115 – via Studylib.
Duncan Fishwick, "The Cannophori and the March Festival of Magna Mater", Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association, Vol. 97, (1966), p. 195 Archived 2016-12-02 at the Wayback Machine
Hannah, Robert, "Manilius, the Mother of the Gods and the "Megalensia": an Astrological Anomaly resolved ?" Latomus, T. 45, Fasc. 4 (OCTOBRE-DÉCEMBRE 1986), pp. 864–872, Societe d'Etudes Latines de Bruxelles , citing Manlius, Astronomica, (trans. GP Goold, London, 1977) 2. 439 – 437.

newadvent.org (Global: 530^th place; English: 466^th place)

"St. Theodore of Amasea". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Encyclopedia Press. 1914. Archived from the original on 2018-06-26. Retrieved 2007-07-16.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Roscoe 1996, p. 200. Roscoe, Will (1996). "Priests of the Goddess: Gender Transgression in Ancient Religion". History of Religions. 35 (3): 195–230. doi:10.1086/463425. S2CID 162368477..
Roller believes that the name "Attis" was originally associated with the Phrygian Royal family and inherited by a Phrygian priesthood or theocracy devoted to the Mother Goddess, consistent with Attis' mythology as deified servant or priest of his goddess. Greek cults and Greek art associate this "Phrygian" costume with several non-Greek, "oriental" peoples, including their erstwhile foes, the Persians and Trojans. In some Greek states, Attis was met with outright hostility; but his vaguely "Trojan" associations would have been counted in his favour for the eventual promotion of his Roman cult. See Roller 1994, pp. 248–256. See also Roscoe 1996, pp. 198–199, and Johnstone, in Lane 1996, p. 106-107. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1994). "Attis on Greek Votive Monuments; Greek God or Phrygian?". Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. 63 (2): 245–262. JSTOR 148115 – via Studylib. Roscoe, Will (1996). "Priests of the Goddess: Gender Transgression in Ancient Religion". History of Religions. 35 (3): 195–230. doi:10.1086/463425. S2CID 162368477.. Lane, Eugene, ed. (1996). Cybele, Attis, and Related Cults: Essays in Memory of M.J. Vermaseren. Religions in the Graeco-Roman World. Vol. 131. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-10196-8.
Roscoe 1996, p. 203. Roscoe, Will (1996). "Priests of the Goddess: Gender Transgression in Ancient Religion". History of Religions. 35 (3): 195–230. doi:10.1086/463425. S2CID 162368477..
The Christian apologist Firmicus Maternus describes them as unnatural monstrosities and prodigies, filled "with an unholy spirit so as to seemingly predict the future to idle men"; see Roscoe 1996, p. 196. Roscoe, Will (1996). "Priests of the Goddess: Gender Transgression in Ancient Religion". History of Religions. 35 (3): 195–230. doi:10.1086/463425. S2CID 162368477..
Roscoe 1996, p. 203, citing Pliny the Elder, Natural History, 11.261; 35.165, and noting that "Procedures called "castration" in ancient times encompassed everything from vasectomy to complete removal of penis and testicles. Roscoe, Will (1996). "Priests of the Goddess: Gender Transgression in Ancient Religion". History of Religions. 35 (3): 195–230. doi:10.1086/463425. S2CID 162368477..
Roscoe 1996, p. 203, and note 34, citing as example, the thanksgiving dedication to the Mother Goddess by a Gallus from Cyzicus (in Anatolia), in gratitude for her intervention on behalf of the soldier Marcus Stlaticus, his partner "(oulppiou, a term also applied to a husband or wife)". Roscoe, Will (1996). "Priests of the Goddess: Gender Transgression in Ancient Religion". History of Religions. 35 (3): 195–230. doi:10.1086/463425. S2CID 162368477..

studylib.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

Roller 1994, pp. 248–56, suggests "Agdistis" as Cybele's personal name at Pessinos. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1994). "Attis on Greek Votive Monuments; Greek God or Phrygian?". Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. 63 (2): 245–262. JSTOR 148115 – via Studylib.
Roller 1994, p. 249. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1994). "Attis on Greek Votive Monuments; Greek God or Phrygian?". Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. 63 (2): 245–262. JSTOR 148115 – via Studylib.
Roller 1994, p. 253. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1994). "Attis on Greek Votive Monuments; Greek God or Phrygian?". Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. 63 (2): 245–262. JSTOR 148115 – via Studylib.
Roller believes that the name "Attis" was originally associated with the Phrygian Royal family and inherited by a Phrygian priesthood or theocracy devoted to the Mother Goddess, consistent with Attis' mythology as deified servant or priest of his goddess. Greek cults and Greek art associate this "Phrygian" costume with several non-Greek, "oriental" peoples, including their erstwhile foes, the Persians and Trojans. In some Greek states, Attis was met with outright hostility; but his vaguely "Trojan" associations would have been counted in his favour for the eventual promotion of his Roman cult. See Roller 1994, pp. 248–256. See also Roscoe 1996, pp. 198–199, and Johnstone, in Lane 1996, p. 106-107. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1994). "Attis on Greek Votive Monuments; Greek God or Phrygian?". Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. 63 (2): 245–262. JSTOR 148115 – via Studylib. Roscoe, Will (1996). "Priests of the Goddess: Gender Transgression in Ancient Religion". History of Religions. 35 (3): 195–230. doi:10.1086/463425. S2CID 162368477.. Lane, Eugene, ed. (1996). Cybele, Attis, and Related Cults: Essays in Memory of M.J. Vermaseren. Religions in the Graeco-Roman World. Vol. 131. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-10196-8.
Both names are inscribed on the stele. Roller offers Agdistis as Phrygian Kybele's personal name. See Roller 1994, pp. 248–56. For discussion and critique on this and other complex narrative, cultic and mythological links among Cybele, Agdistis, and Attis, see Lancellotti, Maria Grazia, Brill, 2002 Attis, between myth and history: king, priest, and God, Archived 2016-04-29 at the Wayback Machine Brill, 2002. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1994). "Attis on Greek Votive Monuments; Greek God or Phrygian?". Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. 63 (2): 245–262. JSTOR 148115 – via Studylib.
The syrinx was a simple rustic instrument, associated with Pan, Greek god of shepherds, flocks, wild and wooded places, and unbridled sexuality. See Johnston, in Lane 1996, pp. 107–111, and Roller 1994, pp. 177–180. Pan is a "natural companion" for Cybele, and there is evidence of their joint cults. Lane, Eugene, ed. (1996). Cybele, Attis, and Related Cults: Essays in Memory of M.J. Vermaseren. Religions in the Graeco-Roman World. Vol. 131. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-10196-8. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1994). "Attis on Greek Votive Monuments; Greek God or Phrygian?". Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. 63 (2): 245–262. JSTOR 148115 – via Studylib.
Roller 1994, p. 254. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1994). "Attis on Greek Votive Monuments; Greek God or Phrygian?". Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. 63 (2): 245–262. JSTOR 148115 – via Studylib.

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See Catullus 63: Latin text Archived 2012-11-06 at the Wayback Machine

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Dionysius_of_Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities, trans. Cary, Loeb, 1935, 2, 19, 3 – 5. See also commentary in Roller 1999, p. 293 and note 39: "... one can see how a Phrygian [priest] in an elaborately embroidered robe might have clashed noticeably with the plain, largely monochromatic Roman tunic and toga"; cf Augustus's "efforts to stress the white toga as the proper dress for Romans." Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999). In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21024-7.

vroma.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Summers, K., in Lane 1996, pp. 377 ff.; for Catullus, see Takacs, in Lane 1996, pp. 367 ff.. For online Latin text and English translation of Catullus's poem 63, see vroma.org Archived 2014-05-28 at the Wayback Machine Lane, Eugene, ed. (1996). Cybele, Attis, and Related Cults: Essays in Memory of M.J. Vermaseren. Religions in the Graeco-Roman World. Vol. 131. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-10196-8. Lane, Eugene, ed. (1996). Cybele, Attis, and Related Cults: Essays in Memory of M.J. Vermaseren. Religions in the Graeco-Roman World. Vol. 131. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-10196-8.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Schmitz, Leonard, in Smith, William, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, 1867, p. 67. link to perseus.org.
Both names are inscribed on the stele. Roller offers Agdistis as Phrygian Kybele's personal name. See Roller 1994, pp. 248–56. For discussion and critique on this and other complex narrative, cultic and mythological links among Cybele, Agdistis, and Attis, see Lancellotti, Maria Grazia, Brill, 2002 Attis, between myth and history: king, priest, and God, Archived 2016-04-29 at the Wayback Machine Brill, 2002. Roller, Lynn Emrich (1994). "Attis on Greek Votive Monuments; Greek God or Phrygian?". Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. 63 (2): 245–262. JSTOR 148115 – via Studylib.
Duncan Fishwick, "The Cannophori and the March Festival of Magna Mater", Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association, Vol. 97, (1966), p. 195 Archived 2016-12-02 at the Wayback Machine
Summers, K., in Lane 1996, pp. 377 ff.; for Catullus, see Takacs, in Lane 1996, pp. 367 ff.. For online Latin text and English translation of Catullus's poem 63, see vroma.org Archived 2014-05-28 at the Wayback Machine Lane, Eugene, ed. (1996). Cybele, Attis, and Related Cults: Essays in Memory of M.J. Vermaseren. Religions in the Graeco-Roman World. Vol. 131. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-10196-8. Lane, Eugene, ed. (1996). Cybele, Attis, and Related Cults: Essays in Memory of M.J. Vermaseren. Religions in the Graeco-Roman World. Vol. 131. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-10196-8.
See Catullus 63: Latin text Archived 2012-11-06 at the Wayback Machine
"St. Theodore of Amasea". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Encyclopedia Press. 1914. Archived from the original on 2018-06-26. Retrieved 2007-07-16.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Beard 1994, p. 168, following Livy 29, 10 – 14 for Pessinos (ancient Galatia) as the shrine from which she was brought. Varro's Lingua Latina, 6.15 has Pergamum. Ovid Fasti 4.180–372 has it brought directly from Mt. Ida. For discussion of problems attendant on such precise claims of origin, see Tacaks, in Lane 1996, pp. 370–373. Beard, Mary (1994). "The Roman and the foreign: the cult of the "great mother" in imperial Rome". In Thomas, Nicholas; Humphrey, Caroline (eds.). Shamanism, history, and the state. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. pp. 164–190. ISBN 978-04-72-10512-0. OCLC 29522597. Lane, Eugene, ed. (1996). Cybele, Attis, and Related Cults: Essays in Memory of M.J. Vermaseren. Religions in the Graeco-Roman World. Vol. 131. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-10196-8.
Beard 1994, pp. 168, 178–9. See also Summers, in Lane 1996, pp. 357–359. Attis' many votive statuettes at Cybele's Roman temple are evidence of his early, possibly private Roman cult. Beard, Mary (1994). "The Roman and the foreign: the cult of the "great mother" in imperial Rome". In Thomas, Nicholas; Humphrey, Caroline (eds.). Shamanism, history, and the state. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. pp. 164–190. ISBN 978-04-72-10512-0. OCLC 29522597. Lane, Eugene, ed. (1996). Cybele, Attis, and Related Cults: Essays in Memory of M.J. Vermaseren. Religions in the Graeco-Roman World. Vol. 131. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-10196-8.
Beard 1994, p. 177, citing Vermaseren, M.J., Cybele and Attis: the myth and the cult, Thames and Hudson, 1977, p. 96. Beard, Mary (1994). "The Roman and the foreign: the cult of the "great mother" in imperial Rome". In Thomas, Nicholas; Humphrey, Caroline (eds.). Shamanism, history, and the state. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. pp. 164–190. ISBN 978-04-72-10512-0. OCLC 29522597.
Ortiz García 2006, pp. 199–200. Ortiz García, Carmen (2006). "La Diosa Blanca y el Real Madrid. Celebraciones deportivas y espacio urbano". Disparidades. Revista de Antropología. 61 (2). Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas: 191–208. doi:10.3989/rdtp.2006.v61.i2.21. hdl:10261/7766. ISSN 0034-7981.

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