Cygnus X-1 (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Cygnus X-1" in English language version.

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Luminet, Jean-Pierre (1992). "Black Holes". Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-40906-3.

arxiv.org

Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
Ramachandran, V.; Sander, A. a. C.; Oskinova, L. M.; Schösser, E. C.; Pauli, D.; Hamann, W.-R.; Mahy, L.; Bernini-Peron, M.; Brigitte, M.; Kubátová, B. (2025-04-08). "Comprehensive UV and optical spectral analysis of Cygnus X-1 - Stellar and wind parameters, abundances, and evolutionary implications". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 698: A37. arXiv:2504.05885. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202554184. ISSN 0004-6361.
Wong, Tsing-Wai; Valsecchi, Francesca; Fragos, Tassos; Kalogera, Vassiliki (February 22, 2012). "Understanding Compact Object Formation And Natal Kicks. III. The Case Of Cygnus X-1". The Astrophysical Journal. 747 (2). American Astronomical Society: 12. arXiv:1107.5585. Bibcode:2012ApJ...747..111W. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/747/2/111. S2CID 119097709.
Miller-Jones, James C. A.; Bahramian, Arash; et al. (2021-03-05). "Cygnus X-1 contains a 21–solar mass black hole—Implications for massive star winds". Science. 371 (6533): 1046–1049. arXiv:2102.09091. Bibcode:2021Sci...371.1046M. doi:10.1126/science.abb3363. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 33602863. S2CID 231951746.
Ziolkowski, Janusz (2014). "Masses of the components of the HDE 226868/Cyg X-1 binary system". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. 440: L61. arXiv:1401.1035. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.440L..61Z. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slu002. S2CID 54841624.
Nayakshin, Sergei; Dove, James B. (November 3, 1998), "X-rays From Magnetic Flares In Cygnus X-1: The Role Of A Transition Layer", arXiv:astro-ph/9811059
Young, A. J.; Fabian, A. C.; Ross, R. R.; Tanaka, Y. (2001). "A Complete Relativistic Ionized Accretion Disc in Cygnus X-1". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 325 (3): 1045–1052. arXiv:astro-ph/0103214. Bibcode:2001MNRAS.325.1045Y. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04498.x. S2CID 14226526.
Gallo, Elena; Fender, Rob (2005). "Accretion modes and jet production in black hole X-ray binaries". Memorie della Società Astronomica Italiana. 76: 600–607. arXiv:astro-ph/0509172. Bibcode:2005MmSAI..76..600G.
Mirabel, I. Félix; Rodrigues, Irapuan (2003). "Formation of a Black Hole in the Dark". Science. 300 (5622): 1119–1120. arXiv:astro-ph/0305205. Bibcode:2003Sci...300.1119M. doi:10.1126/science.1083451. PMID 12714674. S2CID 45544180.
Liu, C. Z.; Li, T. P. (2004). "X-Ray Spectral Variability in Cygnus X-1". The Astrophysical Journal. 611 (2): 1084–1090. arXiv:astro-ph/0405246. Bibcode:2004ApJ...611.1084L. doi:10.1086/422209. S2CID 208868049.
Bombaci, I. (1996). "The maximum mass of a neutron star". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 305: 871–877. arXiv:astro-ph/9608059. Bibcode:1996A&A...305..871B. doi:10.1086/310296. S2CID 119085893.
Koerding, Elmar; Jester, Sebastian; Fender, Rob (2006). "Accretion states and radio loudness in Active Galactic Nuclei: analogies with X-ray binaries". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 372 (3): 1366–1378. arXiv:astro-ph/0608628. Bibcode:2006MNRAS.372.1366K. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10954.x. S2CID 14833297.
Brocksopp, C.; Tarasov, A. E.; Lyuty, V. M.; Roche, P. (1999). "An Improved Orbital Ephemeris for Cygnus X-1". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 343: 861–864. arXiv:astro-ph/9812077. Bibcode:1999A&A...343..861B.
Orosz, Jerome (December 1, 2011). "The Mass of the Black Hole In Cygnus X-1". The Astrophysical Journal. 742 (2): 84. arXiv:1106.3689. Bibcode:2011ApJ...742...84O. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/742/2/84. S2CID 18732012.
Reid, Mark J.; McClintock, Jeffrey E.; Narayan, Ramesh; Gou, Lijun; Remillard, Ronald A.; Orosz, Jerome A. (December 2011). "The Trigonometric Parallax of Cygnus X-1". The Astrophysical Journal. 742 (2): 83. arXiv:1106.3688. Bibcode:2011ApJ...742...83R. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/742/2/83. S2CID 96429771.
Ziółkowski, J. (2005). "Evolutionary constraints on the masses of the components of HDE 226868/Cyg X-1 binary system". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 358 (3): 851–859. arXiv:astro-ph/0501102. Bibcode:2005MNRAS.358..851Z. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.08796.x. S2CID 119334761. Note: for radius and luminosity, see Table 1 with d=2 kpc.
Miller, Jon M.; Fabian, Andrew C.; Nowak, Michael A.; Lewin, Walter H. G. (2006). "Relativistic Iron Lines in Galactic Black Holes:. Recent Results and Lines in the ASCA Archive". The Tenth Marcel Grossmann Meeting. On Recent Developments in Theoretical and Experimental General Relativity: 1296. arXiv:astro-ph/0402101. Bibcode:2006tmgm.meet.1296M. doi:10.1142/9789812704030_0093. ISBN 978-981-256-667-6.
Gou, Lijun; McClintock, Jeffrey E.; Reid, Mark J.; Orosz, Jerome A.; Steiner, James F.; Narayan, Ramesh; Xiang, Jingen; Remillard, Ronald A.; Arnaud, Keith A.; Davis, Shane W. (November 9, 2011). "The Extreme Spin of the Black Hole in Cygnus X-1". The Astrophysical Journal. 742 (85). American Astronomical Society: 85. arXiv:1106.3690. Bibcode:2011ApJ...742...85G. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/742/2/85. S2CID 16525257.
Podsiadlowski, Philipp; Saul, Rappaport; Han, Zhanwen (2003). "On the forme web and evolution of black-hole binaries". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 341 (2): 385–404. arXiv:astro-ph/0207153. Bibcode:2003MNRAS.341..385P. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06464.x. S2CID 119476943.
Titarchuk, Lev; Shaposhnikov, Nikolai (February 9, 2008). "On the nature of the variability power decay towards soft spectral states in X-ray binaries. Case study in Cyg X-1". The Astrophysical Journal. 678 (2): 1230–1236. arXiv:0802.1278. Bibcode:2008ApJ...678.1230T. doi:10.1086/587124. S2CID 5195999.
Narayan, Ramesh (2003). "Evidence for the black hole event horizon". Astronomy & Geophysics. 44 (6): 77–115. arXiv:gr-qc/0204080. Bibcode:2003A&G....44f..22N. doi:10.1046/j.1468-4004.2003.44622.x.
Torres, Diego F.; Romero, Gustavo E.; Barcons, Xavier; Lu, Youjun (2005). "Probing the Precession of the Inner Accretion Disk in Cygnus X-1". The Astrophysical Journal. 626 (2): 1015–1019. arXiv:astro-ph/0503186. Bibcode:2005ApJ...626.1015T. doi:10.1086/430125. S2CID 16569507.
Chakrabarti, Sandip; Titarchuk, Lev G. (December 1995). "Spectral Properties of Accretion Disks around Galactic and Extragalactic Black Holes". The Astrophysical Journal. 455: 623. arXiv:astro-ph/9510005v2. Bibcode:1995ApJ...455..623C. doi:10.1086/176610. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 18151304.
Russell, D. M.; Fender, R. P.; Gallo, E.; Kaiser, C. R. (2007). "The jet-powered optical nebula of Cygnus X-1". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 376 (3): 1341–1349. arXiv:astro-ph/0701645. Bibcode:2007MNRAS.376.1341R. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11539.x. S2CID 18689655.
Gallo, E.; Fender, Rob; Kaiser, Christian; Russell, David; Morganti, Raffaella; Oosterloo, Tom; Heinz, Sebastian (2005). "A dark jet dominates the power output of the stellar black hole Cygnus X-1". Nature. 436 (7052): 819–821. arXiv:astro-ph/0508228. Bibcode:2005Natur.436..819G. doi:10.1038/nature03879. PMID 16094361. S2CID 4404783.
Albert, J.; et al. (2007). "Very High Energy Gamma-ray Radiation from the Stellar-mass Black Hole Cygnus X-1". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 665 (1): L51 – L54. arXiv:0706.1505. Bibcode:2007ApJ...665L..51A. doi:10.1086/521145. S2CID 15302221.
Iorio, Lorenzo (2008). "On the orbital and physical parameters of the HDE 226868/Cygnus X-1 binary system". Astrophysics and Space Science. 315 (1–4): 335–340. arXiv:0707.3525. Bibcode:2008Ap&SS.315..335I. doi:10.1007/s10509-008-9839-y. S2CID 7759638.
Miller, J. M.; Wojdowski, P.; Schulz, N. S.; Marshall, H. L.; Fabian, A. C.; Remillard, R. A.; Wijnands, R.; Lewin, W. H. G. (2005). "Revealing the Focused Companion Wind in Cygnus X-1 with Chandra". The Astrophysical Journal. 620 (1): 398–404. arXiv:astro-ph/0208463. Bibcode:2005ApJ...620..398M. doi:10.1086/426701. S2CID 51806148.
Pooley, G. G.; Fender, R. P.; Brocksopp, C. (1999). "Orbital modulation and longer-term variability in the radio emission from Cygnus X-1". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 302 (1): L1 – L5. arXiv:astro-ph/9809305. Bibcode:1999MNRAS.302L...1P. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.02225.x. S2CID 2123824.
Gies, D. R.; Bolton, C. T.; Thomson, J. R.; Huang, W.; McSwain, M. V.; Riddle, R. L.; Wang, Z.; Wiita, P. J.; Wingert, D. W.; Csák, B.; Kiss, L. L. (2003). "Wind Accretion and State Transitions in Cygnus X-1". The Astrophysical Journal. 583 (1): 424–436. arXiv:astro-ph/0206253. Bibcode:2003ApJ...583..424G. doi:10.1086/345345. S2CID 6241544.

astrophysicsspectator.com

Brainerd, Jim (July 20, 2005). "X-rays from AGNs". The Astrophysics Spectator. Retrieved 2008-03-24.

books.google.com

Berti, Jim; Bowman, Durrell, eds. (2011). Rush and philosophy: heart and mind united. Popular culture and philosophy. Chicago: Open Court. p. 196. ISBN 978-0-8126-9716-2.
Hogan, David J. (2006). Hogan, David J. (ed.). Science fiction America: essays on SF cinema. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. p. 231. ISBN 978-0-7864-2149-7.

centauri-dreams.org

Glister, Paul (2011-11-29). "Cygnus X-1: A Black Hole Confirmed". Centauri Dreams: Imagining and Planning Interstellar Exploration. Retrieved 2024-09-06.

doi.org

Roman, Nancy G. (1987). "Identification of a constellation from a position". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 99 (617): 695. Bibcode:1987PASP...99..695R. doi:10.1086/132034. Constellation record for this object at VizieR.
Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
Ninkov, Z.; Walker, G. A. H.; Yang, S. (1987). "The primary orbit and the absorption lines of HDE 226868 (Cygnus X-1)". Astrophysical Journal. 321: 425–437. Bibcode:1987ApJ...321..425N. doi:10.1086/165641. Archived from the original on 2017-09-22. Retrieved 2018-11-04.
Ramachandran, V.; Sander, A. a. C.; Oskinova, L. M.; Schösser, E. C.; Pauli, D.; Hamann, W.-R.; Mahy, L.; Bernini-Peron, M.; Brigitte, M.; Kubátová, B. (2025-04-08). "Comprehensive UV and optical spectral analysis of Cygnus X-1 - Stellar and wind parameters, abundances, and evolutionary implications". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 698: A37. arXiv:2504.05885. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202554184. ISSN 0004-6361.
Wong, Tsing-Wai; Valsecchi, Francesca; Fragos, Tassos; Kalogera, Vassiliki (February 22, 2012). "Understanding Compact Object Formation And Natal Kicks. III. The Case Of Cygnus X-1". The Astrophysical Journal. 747 (2). American Astronomical Society: 12. arXiv:1107.5585. Bibcode:2012ApJ...747..111W. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/747/2/111. S2CID 119097709.
Bowyer, S.; Byram, E. T.; Chubb, T. A.; Friedman, H. (1965). "Cosmic X-ray Sources". Science. 147 (3656): 394–398. Bibcode:1965Sci...147..394B. doi:10.1126/science.147.3656.394. PMID 17832788. S2CID 206565068.
Miller-Jones, James C. A.; Bahramian, Arash; et al. (2021-03-05). "Cygnus X-1 contains a 21–solar mass black hole—Implications for massive star winds". Science. 371 (6533): 1046–1049. arXiv:2102.09091. Bibcode:2021Sci...371.1046M. doi:10.1126/science.abb3363. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 33602863. S2CID 231951746.
Ziolkowski, Janusz (2014). "Masses of the components of the HDE 226868/Cyg X-1 binary system". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. 440: L61. arXiv:1401.1035. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.440L..61Z. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slu002. S2CID 54841624.
Gies, D. R.; Bolton, C. T. (1986). "The optical spectrum of HDE 226868 = Cygnus X-1. II — Spectrophotometry and mass estimates". The Astrophysical Journal. 304: 371–393. Bibcode:1986ApJ...304..371G. doi:10.1086/164171.
Young, A. J.; Fabian, A. C.; Ross, R. R.; Tanaka, Y. (2001). "A Complete Relativistic Ionized Accretion Disc in Cygnus X-1". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 325 (3): 1045–1052. arXiv:astro-ph/0103214. Bibcode:2001MNRAS.325.1045Y. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04498.x. S2CID 14226526.
Mirabel, I. Félix; Rodrigues, Irapuan (2003). "Formation of a Black Hole in the Dark". Science. 300 (5622): 1119–1120. arXiv:astro-ph/0305205. Bibcode:2003Sci...300.1119M. doi:10.1126/science.1083451. PMID 12714674. S2CID 45544180.
Liu, C. Z.; Li, T. P. (2004). "X-Ray Spectral Variability in Cygnus X-1". The Astrophysical Journal. 611 (2): 1084–1090. arXiv:astro-ph/0405246. Bibcode:2004ApJ...611.1084L. doi:10.1086/422209. S2CID 208868049.
Oda, M.; Gorenstein, P.; Gursky, H.; Kellogg, E.; Schreier, E.; Tananbaum, H.; Giacconi, R. (1999). "X-Ray Pulsations from Cygnus X-1 Observed from UHURU". The Astrophysical Journal. 166: L1 – L7. Bibcode:1971ApJ...166L...1O. doi:10.1086/180726.
Kristian, J.; Brucato, R.; Visvanathan, N.; Lanning, H.; Sandage, A. (1971). "On the Optical Identification of Cygnus X-1". The Astrophysical Journal. 168: L91 – L93. Bibcode:1971ApJ...168L..91K. doi:10.1086/180790.
Braes, L. L. E.; Miley, G. K. (July 23, 1971). "Physical Sciences: Detection of Radio Emission from Cygnus X-1". Nature. 232 (5308): 246. Bibcode:1971Natur.232Q.246B. doi:10.1038/232246a0. PMID 16062947. S2CID 33340308.
Webster, B. Louise; Murdin, Paul (1972). "Cygnus X-1—a Spectroscopic Binary with a Heavy Companion?". Nature. 235 (5332): 37–38. Bibcode:1972Natur.235...37W. doi:10.1038/235037a0. S2CID 4195462.
Bolton, C. T. (1972). "Identification of Cygnus X-1 with HDE 226868". Nature. 235 (5336): 271–273. Bibcode:1972Natur.235..271B. doi:10.1038/235271b0. S2CID 4222070.
Bombaci, I. (1996). "The maximum mass of a neutron star". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 305: 871–877. arXiv:astro-ph/9608059. Bibcode:1996A&A...305..871B. doi:10.1086/310296. S2CID 119085893.
Shipman, H. L.; Yu, Z.; Du, Y. W. (1975). "The implausible history of triple star models for Cygnus X-1 Evidence for a black hole". Astrophysical Letters. 16 (1): 9–12. Bibcode:1975ApL....16....9S. doi:10.1016/S0304-8853(99)00384-4.
Rothschild, R. E.; Boldt, E. A.; Holt, S. S.; Serlemitsos, P. J. (1974). "Millisecond Temporal Structure in Cygnus X-1". The Astrophysical Journal. 189: 77–115. Bibcode:1974ApJ...189L..13R. doi:10.1086/181452.
Koerding, Elmar; Jester, Sebastian; Fender, Rob (2006). "Accretion states and radio loudness in Active Galactic Nuclei: analogies with X-ray binaries". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 372 (3): 1366–1378. arXiv:astro-ph/0608628. Bibcode:2006MNRAS.372.1366K. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10954.x. S2CID 14833297.
Orosz, Jerome (December 1, 2011). "The Mass of the Black Hole In Cygnus X-1". The Astrophysical Journal. 742 (2): 84. arXiv:1106.3689. Bibcode:2011ApJ...742...84O. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/742/2/84. S2CID 18732012.
Bolton, C. T. (1975). "Optical observations and model for Cygnus X-1". The Astrophysical Journal. 200: 269–277. Bibcode:1975ApJ...200..269B. doi:10.1086/153785.
Reid, Mark J.; McClintock, Jeffrey E.; Narayan, Ramesh; Gou, Lijun; Remillard, Ronald A.; Orosz, Jerome A. (December 2011). "The Trigonometric Parallax of Cygnus X-1". The Astrophysical Journal. 742 (2): 83. arXiv:1106.3688. Bibcode:2011ApJ...742...83R. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/742/2/83. S2CID 96429771.
Gursky, H.; Gorenstein, P.; Kerr, F. J.; Grayzeck, E. J. (1971). "The Estimated Distance to Cygnus X-1 Based on its Low-Energy X-Ray Spectrum". Astrophysical Journal. 167: L15. Bibcode:1971ApJ...167L..15G. doi:10.1086/180751.
Ziółkowski, J. (2005). "Evolutionary constraints on the masses of the components of HDE 226868/Cyg X-1 binary system". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 358 (3): 851–859. arXiv:astro-ph/0501102. Bibcode:2005MNRAS.358..851Z. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.08796.x. S2CID 119334761. Note: for radius and luminosity, see Table 1 with d=2 kpc.
Dolan, Joseph F. (2001). "Dying Pulse Trains in Cygnus XR-1: Evidence for an Event Horizon?". The Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 113 (786): 974–982. Bibcode:2001PASP..113..974D. doi:10.1086/322917.
Miller, Jon M.; Fabian, Andrew C.; Nowak, Michael A.; Lewin, Walter H. G. (2006). "Relativistic Iron Lines in Galactic Black Holes:. Recent Results and Lines in the ASCA Archive". The Tenth Marcel Grossmann Meeting. On Recent Developments in Theoretical and Experimental General Relativity: 1296. arXiv:astro-ph/0402101. Bibcode:2006tmgm.meet.1296M. doi:10.1142/9789812704030_0093. ISBN 978-981-256-667-6.
Gou, Lijun; McClintock, Jeffrey E.; Reid, Mark J.; Orosz, Jerome A.; Steiner, James F.; Narayan, Ramesh; Xiang, Jingen; Remillard, Ronald A.; Arnaud, Keith A.; Davis, Shane W. (November 9, 2011). "The Extreme Spin of the Black Hole in Cygnus X-1". The Astrophysical Journal. 742 (85). American Astronomical Society: 85. arXiv:1106.3690. Bibcode:2011ApJ...742...85G. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/742/2/85. S2CID 16525257.
Podsiadlowski, Philipp; Saul, Rappaport; Han, Zhanwen (2003). "On the forme web and evolution of black-hole binaries". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 341 (2): 385–404. arXiv:astro-ph/0207153. Bibcode:2003MNRAS.341..385P. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06464.x. S2CID 119476943.
Ling, J. C.; Wheaton, Wm. A.; Wallyn, P.; Mahoney, W. A.; Paciesas, W. S.; Harmon, B. A.; Fishman, G. J.; Zhang, S. N.; Hua, X. M. (1997). "Gamma-Ray Spectra and Variability of Cygnus X-1 Observed by BATSE". The Astrophysical Journal. 484 (1): 375–382. Bibcode:1997ApJ...484..375L. doi:10.1086/304323.
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Titarchuk, Lev; Shaposhnikov, Nikolai (February 9, 2008). "On the nature of the variability power decay towards soft spectral states in X-ray binaries. Case study in Cyg X-1". The Astrophysical Journal. 678 (2): 1230–1236. arXiv:0802.1278. Bibcode:2008ApJ...678.1230T. doi:10.1086/587124. S2CID 5195999.
Fabian, A. C.; Miller, J. M. (August 9, 2002). "Black Holes Reveal Their Innermost Secrets". Science. 297 (5583): 947–948. doi:10.1126/science.1074957. PMID 12169716. S2CID 118027201.
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Narayan, Ramesh (2003). "Evidence for the black hole event horizon". Astronomy & Geophysics. 44 (6): 77–115. arXiv:gr-qc/0204080. Bibcode:2003A&G....44f..22N. doi:10.1046/j.1468-4004.2003.44622.x.
Torres, Diego F.; Romero, Gustavo E.; Barcons, Xavier; Lu, Youjun (2005). "Probing the Precession of the Inner Accretion Disk in Cygnus X-1". The Astrophysical Journal. 626 (2): 1015–1019. arXiv:astro-ph/0503186. Bibcode:2005ApJ...626.1015T. doi:10.1086/430125. S2CID 16569507.
Chakrabarti, Sandip; Titarchuk, Lev G. (December 1995). "Spectral Properties of Accretion Disks around Galactic and Extragalactic Black Holes". The Astrophysical Journal. 455: 623. arXiv:astro-ph/9510005v2. Bibcode:1995ApJ...455..623C. doi:10.1086/176610. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 18151304.
Chakrabarti, Sandip K.; Mandal, Samir (2006). "The Spectral Properties of Shocked Two-Component Accretion Flows in the Presence of Synchrotron Emission". The Astrophysical Journal. 642 (1): L49 – L52. Bibcode:2006ApJ...642L..49C. doi:10.1086/504319. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 122610073.
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nytimes.com

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pbs.org

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rit.edu

scholarworks.rit.edu

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science.org

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semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

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utoronto.ca

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