DEC Alpha (English Wikipedia)

Gronowski, P. E.; Bowhill, W. J.; Donchin, D. R.; Blake-Campos, R. P.; Carlson, D. A.; Equi, E. R.; Loughlin, B. J.; Mehta, S.; Mueller, R. O.; Olesin, A.; Noorlag, D. J. W.; Preston, R. P. (1996). "A 433-MHz 64-b quad-issue RISC microprocessor". IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits. 31 (11): 1687–1696. Bibcode:1996IJSSC..31.1687G. doi:10.1109/JSSC.1996.542313. S2CID 39280205.

alasir.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Bolotoff, Paul V (2007-04-22). "Alpha: The History in Facts and Comments". Archived from the original on 2019-09-29. Retrieved 2019-09-09.
Paul V. Bolotoff (21 April 2007). "Alpha: The History in Facts and Comments". Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved Nov 22, 2008.

alphant.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Aaron Sakovich (2001). "Windows 2000?". The AlphaNT Source. Archived from the original on 2008-07-08. Retrieved 2007-01-01.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Bradley, Gale; DeTar, Jim (May 19, 1997). "DEC, Cyrix sue Intel". Electronic News. Vol. 43, no. 2168. pp. 1, 60. ISSN 1061-6624.

bitsavers.org (Global: 3,844^th place; English: 1,960^th place)

Catherine Richardson; Terry Morris; Rockie Morgan; Reid Brown; Donna Meikle (March 1987). "MICA Software Business Plan" (PDF). bitsavers.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-01-07. Retrieved 2021-01-04.

bnl.gov (Global: 6,608^th place; English: 7,961^st place)

star.bnl.gov

"Alpha 21264 Microprocessor Data Sheet" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-08-30. Retrieved 2018-09-20. The instructions that comprise the BWX extension are ...

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Reviews, C.T.I (2016). Structured Computer Organization. ISBN 978-1478426738. 21364 ... first high performance processor to have an onchip memory controller.
Ballou, Melinda-Carol (1992-07-20). "VMS opened for Alpha initiative". Computerworld. Vol. XXVI, no. 29. p. 16. Retrieved 2025-06-30.
Wilson, Jayne (1992-11-16). "DEC debuts its long-awaited 64-bit Alpha systems". InfoWorld. Vol. 14, no. 46. p. 33. Retrieved 2025-06-30.

clemson.edu (Global: 6,422^nd place; English: 3,771^st place)

people.cs.clemson.edu

Mark Smotherman. "Sketch of DEC PRISM". Archived from the original on 2020-04-04. Retrieved 2018-09-20. PRISM (Parallel Reduced Instruction Set Machine) ... first draft of PRISM architecture in August 1985; DEC cancels the project in 1988 in favor of a MIPS-based ...

colorado.edu (Global: 2,916^th place; English: 1,912^th place)

systems.cs.colorado.edu

Roger Espasa; Federico Ardanaz; Julio Gago; Roger Gramunt; Isaac Hernandez; Toni Juan; Joel Emer; Stephen Felix; Geoff Lowney; Matthew Mattina; Andre Seznec (2002). "Tarantula: A Vector Extension to the Alpha Architecture". In Danielle C. Martin (ed.). Proceedings: 29th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA '02). 29th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA '02). Joe Daigle/Studio Productions. Los Alamitos, Calif: IEEE Computer Society. pp. 281–292. doi:10.1109/ISCA.2002.1003586. ISBN 0-7695-1605-X. Archived from the original on 2007-10-04. Retrieved 2007-10-04.

computerhistory.org (Global: 2,702^nd place; English: 1,789^th place)

archive.computerhistory.org

Bell, Gordon; Strecker, W.D. Retrospective: What Have We Learned from the PDP-11 - What We Have Learned from VAX and Alpha (PDF) (Report). Retrieved 2025-06-26.
Supnik, Robert (2017-05-02). "Robert Supnik Oral History" (PDF). computerhistory.org (Interview). Interviewed by Gardner Hendrie. Computer History Museum. Retrieved 2024-04-06.
Baum, Allan (July 18, 2018). "Oral History of Allen Baum" (PDF) (Interview). Interviewed by David Brock. p. 60. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-02-07.

cpu-collection.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

"cpu-collection.de – DEC Alpha AXP". Archived from the original on 2018-09-20. Retrieved 2018-09-20. The first processors of the Alpha family were designated the DECchip 21064 series (the "21" signifying 21st century)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Comerford, Richard (July 1992). "How DEC developed Alpha". IEEE Spectrum. 29 (7): 28. doi:10.1109/6.144508.
Roger Espasa; Federico Ardanaz; Julio Gago; Roger Gramunt; Isaac Hernandez; Toni Juan; Joel Emer; Stephen Felix; Geoff Lowney; Matthew Mattina; Andre Seznec (2002). "Tarantula: A Vector Extension to the Alpha Architecture". In Danielle C. Martin (ed.). Proceedings: 29th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA '02). 29th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA '02). Joe Daigle/Studio Productions. Los Alamitos, Calif: IEEE Computer Society. pp. 281–292. doi:10.1109/ISCA.2002.1003586. ISBN 0-7695-1605-X. Archived from the original on 2007-10-04. Retrieved 2007-10-04.
Gronowski, P. E.; Bowhill, W. J.; Donchin, D. R.; Blake-Campos, R. P.; Carlson, D. A.; Equi, E. R.; Loughlin, B. J.; Mehta, S.; Mueller, R. O.; Olesin, A.; Noorlag, D. J. W.; Preston, R. P. (1996). "A 433-MHz 64-b quad-issue RISC microprocessor". IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits. 31 (11): 1687–1696. Bibcode:1996IJSSC..31.1687G. doi:10.1109/JSSC.1996.542313. S2CID 39280205.
Luiz André Barroso; Kourosh Gharachorloo; Robert McNamara; Andreas Nowatzyk; Shaz Qadeer; Barton Sano; Scott Smith; Robert Stets; Ben Verghese (2000). Piranha: A Scalable Architecture Based on Single-Chip Multiprocessing. 27th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture. doi:10.1145/339647.339696.

elsevier.com (Global: 365^th place; English: 372^nd place)

Richard L. Sites; Richard T. Witek (2014-05-16). Alpha AXP Architecture Reference Manual – 2nd Edition. Digital Press. ISBN 978-1-4831-8403-6. Archived from the original on 2018-09-20. Retrieved 2018-09-20.

gale.com (Global: 914^th place; English: 441^st place)

galeapps.gale.com

Fisher, Susan E. (1992-11-09). "It's show time for RISC; DEC to debut Alpha systems, as Sun, HP wait in wings". PC Week. Vol. 9, no. 45. Retrieved 2025-09-29 – via Gale.

groups.google.com (Global: 2,153^rd place; English: 1,445^th place)

"The VAX Vacuum". ... legally, if DEC had used VAX in the U.S. before that ..... "reasonable person" has no difficulty distinguishing between the two uses

hp.com (Global: 4,971^st place; English: 3,200^th place)

hpl.hp.com

Supnik, Bob (1992). "Foreword". Digital Technical Journal. 4 (4). Archived from the original on 2021-05-03. Retrieved 2021-05-03.
Bill Hamburgen; Jeff Mogul; Brian Reid; Alan Eustace; Richard Swan; Mary Jo Doherty; Joel Bartlett (1989). "WRL Technical Note TN-13: Characterization of Organic Illumination Systems". Digital Equipment Corporation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-05-12. Retrieved 2007-10-04. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

h18002.www1.hp.com

"Transforming your AlphaServer environment". HP. Archived from the original on 2007-02-08. Retrieved 2007-01-11.

ibm.com (Global: 1,369^th place; English: 968^th place)

Warner, W. (December 22, 2004). "Great moments in microprocessor history". IBM. Archived from the original on January 19, 2018. Retrieved January 18, 2018.

infn.it (Global: low place; English: low place)

www0.mi.infn.it

"Migrating an Application from OpenVMS VAX to OpenVMS Alpha". 2.5.2 Data Types.

laotsao.wordpress.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Hung-Sheng Tsao (2011-10-29). "SW1600 and Alpha 21164". LaoTsao's Weblog. Retrieved 2011-10-29.

lkml.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Chad Page (30 April 1996). "The meaning of AXP (was Re: ALPHA ambiguity)". Linux kernel mailing list (Mailing list). Retrieved 2024-08-29.

microsoft.com (Global: 263^rd place; English: 259^th place)

devblogs.microsoft.com

"The Alpha AXP, part 8: Memory access, storing bytes and words and unaligned data". August 16, 2017. Retrieved July 18, 2022. Dealing with unaligned memory on the Alpha AXP is very annoying

mit.edu (Global: 476^th place; English: 340^th place)

dspace.mit.edu

"Managing Technological Leaps: A study of DEC's Alpha Design Team" (PDF). April 1993. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-02-07. Retrieved 2021-04-26.

mostang.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

David Mosberger. "Overview of Alpha Family". Archived from the original on January 20, 2009. Retrieved Dec 9, 2009.

netlib.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Dongarra, Jack (2016-06-20). "Report on the Sunway TaihuLight System" (PDF). www.netlib.org. Retrieved 2016-06-20.

psu.edu (Global: 299^th place; English: 159^th place)

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

John H. Edmondson; Paul I. Rubinfeld; Peter J. Bannon; Bradley J. Benschneider; Debra Bernstein; Ruben W. Castelino; Elizabeth M. Cooper; Daniel E. Dever; Dale R. Donchin; Timothy C. Fischer; Anil K. Jain; Shekhar Mehta; Jeanne E. Meyer; Ronald P. Preston; Vidya Rajagopalan; Chandrasekhara Somanathan; Scott A. Taylor; Gilbert M. Wolrich (1995). "Internal Organization of the Alpha 21164, a 300-MHz 64-bit Quad-issue CMOS RISC Microprocessor". Digital Technical Journal. 7 (1): 119–135. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.38.9551. large, on-chip, second-level, write-back cache {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)

sandia.gov (Global: low place; English: low place)

Los Alamos National Laboratories (2002). "The ASCI Q System: 30 TeraOPS Capability at Los Alamos National Laboratory" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-01-12. Retrieved 2010-06-06.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Gronowski, P. E.; Bowhill, W. J.; Donchin, D. R.; Blake-Campos, R. P.; Carlson, D. A.; Equi, E. R.; Loughlin, B. J.; Mehta, S.; Mueller, R. O.; Olesin, A.; Noorlag, D. J. W.; Preston, R. P. (1996). "A 433-MHz 64-b quad-issue RISC microprocessor". IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits. 31 (11): 1687–1696. Bibcode:1996IJSSC..31.1687G. doi:10.1109/JSSC.1996.542313. S2CID 39280205.

suse.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"SUSE Linux 7.0 Alpha Edition". SUSE. 2000. Archived from the original on 2014-01-08. Retrieved 2014-01-08.

theregister.co.uk (Global: 1,877^th place; English: 1,233^rd place)

"Ghost of DEC Alpha is why Windows is rubbish at file compression". TheRegister.co.uk. November 2, 2016. Archived from the original on September 20, 2018. Retrieved September 20, 2018.

trailing-edge.com (Global: low place; English: 9,185^th place)

simh.trailing-edge.com

Supnik, Bob (24 February 2008). "MicroPrism". The Computer History Simulation Project. Archived from the original on 3 April 2021. Retrieved 26 April 2021.

uccs.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

eas.uccs.edu

"MIPS Instructions". DEC Alpha ... , no integer condition code.^{[permanent dead link]}

vmsresource.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

dtjcd.vmsresource.org.uk

George A. Darcy III; Ronald F. Brender; Stephen J. Morris; Michael V. Iles (1992). "Using Simulation to Develop and Port Software" (PDF). Digital Technical Journal. 4 (4): 181–192.

vmssoftware.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Charles P. Thacker; David G. Conroy; Lawrence C. Stewart (1992). "The Alpha Demonstration Unit: A High-performance Multiprocessor for Software and Chip Development" (PDF). Digital Technical Journal. 4 (4): 51. Retrieved 2024-04-06.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Aaron Sakovich (2001). "Windows 2000?". The AlphaNT Source. Archived from the original on 2008-07-08. Retrieved 2007-01-01.
"SUSE Linux 7.0 Alpha Edition". SUSE. 2000. Archived from the original on 2014-01-08. Retrieved 2014-01-08.
"Ghost of DEC Alpha is why Windows is rubbish at file compression". TheRegister.co.uk. November 2, 2016. Archived from the original on September 20, 2018. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
Popovich, Ken (2001-06-28). "Alpha proved costly for Compaq". ZDNet. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2016-03-02.
"Transforming your AlphaServer environment". HP. Archived from the original on 2007-02-08. Retrieved 2007-01-11.
Catherine Richardson; Terry Morris; Rockie Morgan; Reid Brown; Donna Meikle (March 1987). "MICA Software Business Plan" (PDF). bitsavers.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-01-07. Retrieved 2021-01-04.
Supnik, Bob (24 February 2008). "MicroPrism". The Computer History Simulation Project. Archived from the original on 3 April 2021. Retrieved 26 April 2021.
Bolotoff, Paul V (2007-04-22). "Alpha: The History in Facts and Comments". Archived from the original on 2019-09-29. Retrieved 2019-09-09.
Mark Smotherman. "Sketch of DEC PRISM". Archived from the original on 2020-04-04. Retrieved 2018-09-20. PRISM (Parallel Reduced Instruction Set Machine) ... first draft of PRISM architecture in August 1985; DEC cancels the project in 1988 in favor of a MIPS-based ...
Supnik, Bob (1992). "Foreword". Digital Technical Journal. 4 (4). Archived from the original on 2021-05-03. Retrieved 2021-05-03.
"Managing Technological Leaps: A study of DEC's Alpha Design Team" (PDF). April 1993. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-02-07. Retrieved 2021-04-26.
Richard L. Sites; Richard T. Witek (2014-05-16). Alpha AXP Architecture Reference Manual – 2nd Edition. Digital Press. ISBN 978-1-4831-8403-6. Archived from the original on 2018-09-20. Retrieved 2018-09-20.
Warner, W. (December 22, 2004). "Great moments in microprocessor history". IBM. Archived from the original on January 19, 2018. Retrieved January 18, 2018.
"cpu-collection.de – DEC Alpha AXP". Archived from the original on 2018-09-20. Retrieved 2018-09-20. The first processors of the Alpha family were designated the DECchip 21064 series (the "21" signifying 21st century)
Bill Hamburgen; Jeff Mogul; Brian Reid; Alan Eustace; Richard Swan; Mary Jo Doherty; Joel Bartlett (1989). "WRL Technical Note TN-13: Characterization of Organic Illumination Systems". Digital Equipment Corporation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-05-12. Retrieved 2007-10-04. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Baum, Allan (July 18, 2018). "Oral History of Allen Baum" (PDF) (Interview). Interviewed by David Brock. p. 60. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-02-07.
Roger Espasa; Federico Ardanaz; Julio Gago; Roger Gramunt; Isaac Hernandez; Toni Juan; Joel Emer; Stephen Felix; Geoff Lowney; Matthew Mattina; Andre Seznec (2002). "Tarantula: A Vector Extension to the Alpha Architecture". In Danielle C. Martin (ed.). Proceedings: 29th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA '02). 29th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA '02). Joe Daigle/Studio Productions. Los Alamitos, Calif: IEEE Computer Society. pp. 281–292. doi:10.1109/ISCA.2002.1003586. ISBN 0-7695-1605-X. Archived from the original on 2007-10-04. Retrieved 2007-10-04.
"Alpha 21264 Microprocessor Data Sheet" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-08-30. Retrieved 2018-09-20. The instructions that comprise the BWX extension are ...
Paul V. Bolotoff (21 April 2007). "Alpha: The History in Facts and Comments". Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved Nov 22, 2008.
David Mosberger. "Overview of Alpha Family". Archived from the original on January 20, 2009. Retrieved Dec 9, 2009.
Los Alamos National Laboratories (2002). "The ASCI Q System: 30 TeraOPS Capability at Los Alamos National Laboratory" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-01-12. Retrieved 2010-06-06.

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Bradley, Gale; DeTar, Jim (May 19, 1997). "DEC, Cyrix sue Intel". Electronic News. Vol. 43, no. 2168. pp. 1, 60. ISSN 1061-6624.

zdnet.com (Global: 1,235^th place; English: 855^th place)

Popovich, Ken (2001-06-28). "Alpha proved costly for Compaq". ZDNet. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2016-03-02.

DEC Alpha (English Wikipedia)

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