Dark skin (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Dark skin" in English language version.

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Dawkins, Richard (2004). The Ancestor's Tale. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 9780618619160.

berkeley.edu

evolution.berkeley.edu

"Evolutionary history is more than skin deep - Understanding Evolution". evolution.berkeley.edu. 1 March 2014. Retrieved 13 January 2024.

books.google.com

Michael F. Holick (2010). Vitamin D: Physiology, Molecular Biology, and Clinical Applications. Springer. p. 531. ISBN 978-1-60327-303-9. Archived from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 5 November 2020.

care2.com

Oglesby, Erika. "Darker Skin? More Vitamin D, Please!". Care2. Archived from the original on 26 September 2018. Retrieved 1 January 2013.

cbc.ca

Brana, La (27 January 2017). "New-discovery-in-racial-migration". www.cbc.ca. Canadian Broadcasting Company. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
"Dark-skinned immigrant urged to take vitamin D". CBC News. Archived from the original on 9 November 2012. Retrieved 10 December 2012.
"Dark-skinned immigrants urged to take vitamin D". CBC News. Archived from the original on 9 November 2012. Retrieved 25 September 2018.

chicagotribune.com

articles.chicagotribune.com

"Vitamin D deficiency and skin sun exposure". Chicago Tribune. 26 October 2011. Archived from the original on 2 February 2013. Retrieved 25 September 2018.

culturechange.org

"Effects of Ecology and Climate on Human Physical Variations". Archived from the original on 30 April 2020. Retrieved 10 December 2012.
"Effects of Ecology and Climate on Human Physical Variations". www.culturechange.org. Archived from the original on 30 April 2020. Retrieved 25 September 2018.

discovermagazine.com

blogs.discovermagazine.com

Khan, Razib (2009). "Genetics of human pigmentation: Gene expression". Discover Magazine. Archived from the original on 14 June 2013. Retrieved 11 December 2012.

doi.org

Nina, Jablonski (2004). "The evolution of human skin and skin color". Annual Review of Anthropology. 33: 585–623. doi:10.1146/annurev.anthro.33.070203.143955. S2CID 53481281. genetic evidence [demonstrate] that strong levels of natural selection acted about 1.2 mya to produce darkly pigmented skin in early members of the genus Homo
Bower, C.; Stanley (1992). "The role of nutritional factors in the aetiology of neural tube defects". Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. 28 (1): 12–16. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1992.tb02610.x. PMID 1554510. S2CID 45104826.
Minns, R.A. (1996). "Folic acid and neural tube defects". Spinal Cord. 34 (8): 460–465. doi:10.1038/sc.1996.79. PMID 8856852.
Copp; et al. (1998). "Embryonic mechanisms underlying the prevenetion of neural tube defects by vitamins". Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews. 4 (4): 264–268. doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2779(1998)4:4<264::aid-mrdd5>3.0.co;2-g.
Molloy; Mills, J. L.; Kirke, P. N.; Weir, D. G.; Scott, J. M.; et al. (1999). "Folate status and neural tube defects". BioFactors. 10 (2–3): 291–294. doi:10.1002/biof.5520100230. PMID 10609896. S2CID 20128738.
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William; Rasmussen, S. A.; Flores, A; Kirby, R. S.; Edmonds, L. D.; et al. (2005). "Decline in the prevalence of spina bifida and anencephaly by race/ethnicity:1995–2002". Pediatrics. 116 (3): 580–586. doi:10.1542/peds.2005-0592. PMID 16140696. S2CID 12765407.
Nielsen; et al. (2006). "The importance of the depth distribution of melanin in skin for DNA protection and other photobiological processes". Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology. 82 (3): 194–198. Bibcode:2006JPPB...82..194N. doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2005.11.008. PMID 16388960.
Holick, Michael F. (21 November 2013). "Bioavailability of Vitamin D and Its Metabolites in Black and White Adults". The New England Journal of Medicine. 369 (21): 2047–2048. doi:10.1056/NEJMe1312291. PMID 24256384.
Jablonski, N.G.; Chaplin (2000). "The evolution of human skin coloration". Journal of Human Evolution. 39 (1): 57–106. Bibcode:2000JHumE..39...57J. doi:10.1006/jhev.2000.0403. PMID 10896812. S2CID 38445385.
Harding, R; Healy, E; Ray, A; Ellis, N; Flanagan, N; Todd, C; Dixon, C; Sajantila, A; et al. (2000). "Evidence for Variable Selective Pressures at MC1R". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 66 (4): 1351–61. doi:10.1086/302863. PMC 1288200. PMID 10733465.
Zhang, Xiaoming; Liu, Qi; Zhang, Hui; Zhao, Shilei; Huang, Jiahui; Sovannary, Tuot; Bunnath, Long; Aun, Hong Seang; Samnom, Ham; Su, Bing; Chen, Hua (27 April 2021). "The distinct morphological phenotypes of Southeast Asian aborigines are shaped by novel mechanisms for adaptation to tropical rainforests". National Science Review. 9 (3): nwab072. doi:10.1093/nsr/nwab072. ISSN 2095-5138. PMC 8970429. PMID 35371514.
Nina, Jablonski (2004). "The evolution of human skin and skin color". Annual Review of Anthropology. 33: 585–623. doi:10.1146/annurev.anthro.33.070203.143955. S2CID 53481281.
Jablonski, N. G.; Chaplin, G. (2000). "The evolution of human skin coloration". Journal of Human Evolution. 39 (1): 57–106. Bibcode:2000JHumE..39...57J. doi:10.1006/jhev.2000.0403. ISSN 0047-2484. PMID 10896812.
Elias, Peter M.; Menon, Gopinathan; Wetzel, Bruce K.; Williams, John (Jack) W. (2009). "Evidence that stress to the epidermal barrier influenced the development of pigmentation in humans". Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research. 22 (4): 420–434. doi:10.1111/j.1755-148X.2009.00588.x. ISSN 1755-1471. PMC 2843517. PMID 19508412.
Greaves, Mel (22 April 2014). "Was skin cancer a selective force for black pigmentation in early hominin evolution?". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 281 (1781): 20132955. doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.2955. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 3953838. PMID 24573849.
Langbein; Rogers, M. A.; Praetzel, S; Cribier, B; Peltre, B; Gassler, N; Schweizer, J; et al. (2005). "Characterization of a novel human type II epithelial keratin K1b, specifically expressed in eccrine sweat glands". Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 125 (3): 428–444. doi:10.1111/j.0022-202X.2005.23860.x. PMID 16117782.
Blum, H.F. (1961). "Does the melanin pigment of human skin have adaptive value?". Quarterly Review of Biology. 36: 50–63. doi:10.1086/403275. PMID 13870200. S2CID 30402725.
Rigel, D.S. (2008). "Cutaneous ultraviolet exposure and its relationship to the development of skin cancer". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 58 (5): S129–S132. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2007.04.034. PMID 18410798.
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Appenzeller Tim (2012). "Human migrations: Eastern odyssey". Nature. 485 (7396): 24–26. Bibcode:2012Natur.485...24A. doi:10.1038/485024a. PMID 22552074.
Miyamura; et al. (2007). "Regulation of human skin pigmentation and responses to ultraviolet radiation". BioFactors. 20 (1): 2–13. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0749.2006.00358.x. PMID 17250543.
Saraiya; Glanz, K; Briss, P. A.; Nichols, P; White, C; Das, D; Smith, S. J.; Tannor, B; Hutchinson, A. B.; Wilson, K. M.; Gandhi, N; Lee, N. C.; Rimer, B; Coates, R. C.; Kerner, J. F.; Hiatt, R. A.; Buffler, P; Rochester, P; et al. (2004). "Interventions to prevent skin cancer by reducing exposure to ultraviolet radiation: a systematic review". American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 27 (5): 422–466. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2004.08.009. PMID 15556744.
Agar, N.; Young, A. R. (2005). "Melanogenesis: a photoprotective response to DNA damage?". Mutation Research. 571 (1–2): 121–132. Bibcode:2005MRFMM.571..121A. doi:10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.11.016. PMID 15748643.
Pfeifer; You, Y. H.; Besaratinia, A; et al. (2005). "Mutations induced by ultraviolet light". Mutation Research. 571 (1–2): 19–31. Bibcode:2005MRFMM.571...19P. doi:10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.06.057. PMID 15748635.
Rouzaud; et al. (2005). "MC1R and the response of melanocytes to ultraviolet radiation". Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis. 133–152. 571 (1–2): 133–52. Bibcode:2005MRFMM.571..133R. doi:10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.09.014. PMID 15748644. Archived from the original on 30 April 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2019.
Brenner, M.; Hearing, V. J. (2008). "The protective role of melanin against UV damage in human skin". Photochemistry and Photobiology. 84 (3): 539–549. doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00226.x. PMC 2671032. PMID 18435612.
Van Nieuwpoort; Smit, N. P.; Kolb, R; Van Der Meulen, H; Koerten, H; Pavel, S; et al. (2004). "Tyrosine-induced melanogenesis shows differences in morphologic and melanogenic preferences of melanosomes from light and dark skin types". Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 122 (5): 1251–1255. doi:10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22533.x. PMID 15140229.
Kielbassa; Epe, B; et al. (2000). "DNA damage induced by ultraviolet and visible light and its wavelength dependence". Singlet Oxygen, UV-A, and Ozone. Methods in Enzymology. Vol. 319. pp. 436–445. doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(00)19041-x. ISBN 978-0-12-182220-0. PMID 10907532.
Cleaver and Crowely (2002). "UV damage, DNA repair and skin carcinogenesis". Frontiers in Bioscience. 7 (1–3): 1024–1043. doi:10.2741/cleaver. PMID 11897551. S2CID 10115842.
Sinha; et al. (2002). "UV-induced DNA damage and repair: a review". Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences. 1 (4): 225–236. doi:10.1039/b201230h. PMID 12661961. S2CID 11348959.
Schreier, W. J.; Schrader, T. E.; Koller, F. O.; Gilch, P; Crespo-Hernández, C. E.; Swaminathan, V. N.; Carell, T; Zinth, W; Kohler, B; et al. (2007). "Thymine dimerization in DNA is an ultrafast photoreaction". Science. 315 (5812): 625–629. Bibcode:2007Sci...315..625S. doi:10.1126/science.1135428. PMC 2792699. PMID 17272716.
Epel; et al. (1999). "Development in the floating world: defenses of eggs and embryos against damage from UV radiation". American Zoologist. 39 (2): 271–278. doi:10.1093/ICB/39.2.271.
Haass, Nikolas K.; Smalley, Keiran S. M.; Li, Ling; Herlyn, Meenhard (1 June 2005). "Adhesion, migration and communication in melanocytes and melanoma". Pigment Cell Research. 18 (3): 150–159. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0749.2005.00235.x. ISSN 0893-5785. PMID 15892711.
Thong, H.Y.; et al. (2003). "The patterns of melanosome distribution in keratinocytes of human skin as one determining factor of skin colour". British Journal of Dermatology. 149 (3): 498–505. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05473.x. PMID 14510981. S2CID 43355316.
Tadokoro, T; et al. (2005). "Mechanisms of skin tanning in different racial/ethnic groups in response to ultraviolet radiation". Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 124 (6): 1326–1332. doi:10.1111/j.0022-202X.2005.23760.x. PMID 15955111.
Minwala, S; et al. (2001). "Keratinocytes Play a Role in Regulating Distribution Patterns of Recipient Melanosomes in Vitro". Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 117 (2): 341–347. doi:10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01411.x. PMID 11511313.
Szabo, G; et al. (1969). "Racial differences in the fate of melanosomes in human epidermis". Nature. 222 (5198): 1081–1082. Bibcode:1969Natur.222.1081S. doi:10.1038/2221081a0. PMID 5787098. S2CID 4223552.
Rana, B. K.; Hewett-Emmett, D.; Jin, L.; Chang, B. H.; Sambuughin, N.; Lin, M.; Watkins, S.; Bamshad, M.; Jorde, L. B. (1 April 1999). "High polymorphism at the human melanocortin 1 receptor locus". Genetics. 151 (4): 1547–1557. doi:10.1093/genetics/151.4.1547. ISSN 0016-6731. PMC 1460552. PMID 10101176.
Lamason, R. L.; Mohideen, MA; Mest, JR; Wong, AC; Norton, HL; Aros, MC; Jurynec, MJ; Mao, X; et al. (2005). "SLC24A5, a Putative Cation Exchanger, Affects Pigmentation in Zebrafish and Humans". Science. 310 (5755): 1782–17886. Bibcode:2005Sci...310.1782L. doi:10.1126/science.1116238. PMID 16357253. S2CID 2245002.
Gibbons, A. (2007). "AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGISTS MEETING: European Skin Turned Pale Only Recently, Gene Suggests". Science. 316 (5823): 364. doi:10.1126/science.316.5823.364a. PMID 17446367. S2CID 43290419.
Pagani L, Kivisild T, Tarekegn A, Ekong R, Plaster C, Romero IG, Ayub Q, Mehdi SQ, Thomas MG, Luiselli D, Bekele E, Bradman N, Balding DJ, Tyler-Smith C (21 June 2012). "Ethiopian Genetic Diversity Reveals Linguistic Stratification and Complex Influences on the Ethiopian Gene Pool". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 91 (1): 83–96. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.05.015. PMC 3397267. PMID 22726845.
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Murray, F. G. (1934). "Pigmentation, sunlight, and nutritional disease". American Anthropologist. 36 (3): 438–445. doi:10.1525/aa.1934.36.3.02a00100.
Loomis, W. F. (1967). "Skin-pigment regulation of vitamin-D biosynthesis in man". Science. 157 (3788): 501–506. Bibcode:1967Sci...157..501F. doi:10.1126/science.157.3788.501. PMID 6028915. S2CID 41681581.
Chaplin G, Jablonski NG (2009). "Vitamin D and the evolution of human depigmentation". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 139 (4): 451–461. doi:10.1002/ajpa.21079. PMID 19425101.
Garland CF, Garland FC, Gorham ED, et al. (2006). "The Role of Vitamin D in Cancer Prevention". American Journal of Public Health. 96 (2): 252–261. doi:10.2105/ajph.2004.045260. PMC 1470481. PMID 16380576.
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Grant, W.B. (2008). "Solar Ultraviolet Irradiance and Cancer Incidence and Mortality". Sunlight, Vitamin D and Skin Cancer. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 624. pp. 16–30. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-77574-6_2. ISBN 978-0-387-77573-9. PMID 18348444.
Chen, T.C.; et al. (2007). "Factors that influence the cutaneous synthesis and dietary sources of vitamin D". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 460 (2): 213–217. doi:10.1016/j.abb.2006.12.017. PMC 2698590. PMID 17254541.
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Harms, M.; et al. (2008). "Developmental vitamin D deficiency alters adult behaviour in 129/SvJ and C57BL/6J mice". Behavioural Brain Research. 187 (2): 343–350. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2007.09.032. PMID 17996959. S2CID 8107153.
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Norton HL, Friedlaender JS, Merriwether DA, Koki G, Mgone CS, Shriver MD (2006). "Skin and hair pigmentation variation in island Melanesia". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 130 (2): 254–268. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20343. PMID 16374866.
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Mohamoud, A. M. (October 2006). "P52 Characteristics of HLA Class I and Class II Antigens of the Somali Population". Transfusion Medicine. 16 (Supplement s1): 47. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3148.2006.00694_52.x. S2CID 70655900.
Mishra, Anshuman; Nizammuddin, Sheikh; Mallick, Chandana Basu; Singh, Sakshi; Prakash, Satya; Siddiqui, Niyamat Ali; Rai, Niraj; Carlus, S. Justin; Sudhakar, Digumarthi V. S.; Tripathi, Vishnu P.; Möls, Märt (1 March 2017). "Genotype-Phenotype Study of the Middle Gangetic Plain in India Shows Association of rs2470102 with Skin Pigmentation". Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 137 (3): 670–677. doi:10.1016/j.jid.2016.10.043. ISSN 0022-202X. PMID 27866970.
Iliescu, Florin Mircea; Chaplin, George; Rai, Niraj; Jacobs, Guy S.; Mallick, Chandana Basu; Mishra, Anshuman; Thangaraj, Kumarasamy; Jablonski, Nina G. (2018). "The influences of genes, the environment, and social factors on the evolution of skin color diversity in India". American Journal of Human Biology. 30 (5): e23170. doi:10.1002/ajhb.23170. hdl:20.500.11820/435c03a5-a3ca-4046-aa50-c81c38d08645. ISSN 1520-6300. PMID 30099804. S2CID 51966049.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Iliescu, Florin Mircea; Chaplin, George; Rai, Niraj; Jacobs, Guy S.; Mallick, Chandana Basu; Mishra, Anshuman; Thangaraj, Kumarasamy; Jablonski, Nina G. (2018). "The influences of genes, the environment, and social factors on the evolution of skin color diversity in India". American Journal of Human Biology. 30 (5): e23170. doi:10.1002/ajhb.23170. hdl:20.500.11820/435c03a5-a3ca-4046-aa50-c81c38d08645. ISSN 1520-6300. PMID 30099804. S2CID 51966049.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Nielsen; et al. (2006). "The importance of the depth distribution of melanin in skin for DNA protection and other photobiological processes". Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology. 82 (3): 194–198. Bibcode:2006JPPB...82..194N. doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2005.11.008. PMID 16388960.
Jablonski, N.G.; Chaplin (2000). "The evolution of human skin coloration". Journal of Human Evolution. 39 (1): 57–106. Bibcode:2000JHumE..39...57J. doi:10.1006/jhev.2000.0403. PMID 10896812. S2CID 38445385.
Jablonski, N. G.; Chaplin, G. (2000). "The evolution of human skin coloration". Journal of Human Evolution. 39 (1): 57–106. Bibcode:2000JHumE..39...57J. doi:10.1006/jhev.2000.0403. ISSN 0047-2484. PMID 10896812.
Appenzeller Tim (2012). "Human migrations: Eastern odyssey". Nature. 485 (7396): 24–26. Bibcode:2012Natur.485...24A. doi:10.1038/485024a. PMID 22552074.
Agar, N.; Young, A. R. (2005). "Melanogenesis: a photoprotective response to DNA damage?". Mutation Research. 571 (1–2): 121–132. Bibcode:2005MRFMM.571..121A. doi:10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.11.016. PMID 15748643.
Pfeifer; You, Y. H.; Besaratinia, A; et al. (2005). "Mutations induced by ultraviolet light". Mutation Research. 571 (1–2): 19–31. Bibcode:2005MRFMM.571...19P. doi:10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.06.057. PMID 15748635.
Rouzaud; et al. (2005). "MC1R and the response of melanocytes to ultraviolet radiation". Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis. 133–152. 571 (1–2): 133–52. Bibcode:2005MRFMM.571..133R. doi:10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.09.014. PMID 15748644. Archived from the original on 30 April 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2019.
Schreier, W. J.; Schrader, T. E.; Koller, F. O.; Gilch, P; Crespo-Hernández, C. E.; Swaminathan, V. N.; Carell, T; Zinth, W; Kohler, B; et al. (2007). "Thymine dimerization in DNA is an ultrafast photoreaction". Science. 315 (5812): 625–629. Bibcode:2007Sci...315..625S. doi:10.1126/science.1135428. PMC 2792699. PMID 17272716.
Szabo, G; et al. (1969). "Racial differences in the fate of melanosomes in human epidermis". Nature. 222 (5198): 1081–1082. Bibcode:1969Natur.222.1081S. doi:10.1038/2221081a0. PMID 5787098. S2CID 4223552.
Lamason, R. L.; Mohideen, MA; Mest, JR; Wong, AC; Norton, HL; Aros, MC; Jurynec, MJ; Mao, X; et al. (2005). "SLC24A5, a Putative Cation Exchanger, Affects Pigmentation in Zebrafish and Humans". Science. 310 (5755): 1782–17886. Bibcode:2005Sci...310.1782L. doi:10.1126/science.1116238. PMID 16357253. S2CID 2245002.
Loomis, W. F. (1967). "Skin-pigment regulation of vitamin-D biosynthesis in man". Science. 157 (3788): 501–506. Bibcode:1967Sci...157..501F. doi:10.1126/science.157.3788.501. PMID 6028915. S2CID 41681581.

illumina.com

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