David Hilbert (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "David Hilbert" in English language version.

Last modified: 22:29:01, 4 August 2026 (UTC)

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Milne-Thomson, L (1935). "Grundlagen der Mathematik". Nature. 136 (3430): 126–127. Bibcode:1935Natur.136..126M. doi:10.1038/136126a0. S2CID 4122792. Retrieved 15 December 2023. This is probably the most important book on mathematical foundations that has appeared since Whitehead and Russell's "Principia Mathematica".
Sauer 1999; Fölsing 1998^{[page needed]}; Isaacson 2007:212 Sauer, Tilman (1999). "The Relativity of Discovery: Hilberts First Note on the Foundations of Physics". Archive for History of Exact Sciences. 53 (5): 529–575. arXiv:physics/9811050. Bibcode:1998physics..11050S. doi:10.1007/s004070050006. Fölsing, Albrecht (1998). Albert Einstein. Penguin.

amphilsoc.org (Global: 2,969^th place; English: 1,914^th place)

search.amphilsoc.org

"APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 30 June 2023.

ams.org (Global: 434^th place; English: 249^th place)

Rota G.-C. (1997), "Ten lessons I wish I had been taught", Notices of the AMS, 44: 22–25.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Constance Reid; Hermann Weyl (1970). Hilbert. Springer-Verlag. p. 92. ISBN 978-0-387-04999-1. Perhaps the guests would be discussing Galileo's trial and someone would blame Galileo for failing to stand up for his convictions. "But he was not an idiot," Hilbert would object. "Only an idiot could believe that scientific truth needs martyrdom; that may be necessary in religion, but scientific results prove themselves in due time."

arxiv.org (Global: 49^th place; English: 31^st place)

Sauer 1999; Fölsing 1998^{[page needed]}; Isaacson 2007:212 Sauer, Tilman (1999). "The Relativity of Discovery: Hilberts First Note on the Foundations of Physics". Archive for History of Exact Sciences. 53 (5): 529–575. arXiv:physics/9811050. Bibcode:1998physics..11050S. doi:10.1007/s004070050006. Fölsing, Albrecht (1998). Albert Einstein. Penguin.
Endres, S.; Steiner, F. (2009), "The Berry–Keating operator on $L^{2}({\mathbb {R} }_{>},{\rm {d}}x)$ and on compact quantum graphs with general self-adjoint realizations", Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical, 43 (9): 37, arXiv:0912.3183v5, doi:10.1088/1751-8113/43/9/095204, S2CID 115162684

atomicheritage.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Tappan, Steve. ""Shame" at Göttingen". Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 5 June 2013. (Hilbert's colleagues exiled)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Reid 1996, pp. 1–3; also on p. 8, Reid notes that there is some ambiguity as to exactly where Hilbert was born. Hilbert himself stated that he was born in Königsberg. Reid, Constance. (1996). Hilbert. New York: Springer. ISBN 0-387-94674-8. The definitive English-language biography of Hilbert.
Reid 1996, p. 4–7. Reid, Constance. (1996). Hilbert. New York: Springer. ISBN 0-387-94674-8. The definitive English-language biography of Hilbert.
Reid 1996, p. 11. Reid, Constance. (1996). Hilbert. New York: Springer. ISBN 0-387-94674-8. The definitive English-language biography of Hilbert.
Reid 1996, p. 12. Reid, Constance. (1996). Hilbert. New York: Springer. ISBN 0-387-94674-8. The definitive English-language biography of Hilbert.
Suzuki, Jeff (2009), Mathematics in Historical Context, Mathematical Association of America, p. 342, ISBN 978-0-88385-570-6
Reid 1996, p. 36. Reid, Constance. (1996). Hilbert. New York: Springer. ISBN 0-387-94674-8. The definitive English-language biography of Hilbert.
Reid 1996, p. 139. Reid, Constance. (1996). Hilbert. New York: Springer. ISBN 0-387-94674-8. The definitive English-language biography of Hilbert.
Reid 1996, p. 121. Reid, Constance. (1996). Hilbert. New York: Springer. ISBN 0-387-94674-8. The definitive English-language biography of Hilbert.
Reid 1996, p. 213. Reid, Constance. (1996). Hilbert. New York: Springer. ISBN 0-387-94674-8. The definitive English-language biography of Hilbert.
Reid 1996, p. 214. Reid, Constance. (1996). Hilbert. New York: Springer. ISBN 0-387-94674-8. The definitive English-language biography of Hilbert.
Reid 1996, p. 192. Reid, Constance. (1996). Hilbert. New York: Springer. ISBN 0-387-94674-8. The definitive English-language biography of Hilbert.
Reid 1996, p. 36–37. Reid, Constance. (1996). Hilbert. New York: Springer. ISBN 0-387-94674-8. The definitive English-language biography of Hilbert.
Reid 1996, p. 34. Reid, Constance. (1996). Hilbert. New York: Springer. ISBN 0-387-94674-8. The definitive English-language biography of Hilbert.
Reid 1996, p. 195. Reid, Constance. (1996). Hilbert. New York: Springer. ISBN 0-387-94674-8. The definitive English-language biography of Hilbert.
Reid 1996, p. 37. Reid, Constance. (1996). Hilbert. New York: Springer. ISBN 0-387-94674-8. The definitive English-language biography of Hilbert.
cf. Reid 1996, pp. 148–149. Reid, Constance. (1996). Hilbert. New York: Springer. ISBN 0-387-94674-8. The definitive English-language biography of Hilbert.
Reid 1996, p. 148. Reid, Constance. (1996). Hilbert. New York: Springer. ISBN 0-387-94674-8. The definitive English-language biography of Hilbert.
Reid 1996, p. 150. Reid, Constance. (1996). Hilbert. New York: Springer. ISBN 0-387-94674-8. The definitive English-language biography of Hilbert.
Reid 1996, p. 129. Reid, Constance. (1996). Hilbert. New York: Springer. ISBN 0-387-94674-8. The definitive English-language biography of Hilbert.
Reid 1996, p. 114. Reid, Constance. (1996). Hilbert. New York: Springer. ISBN 0-387-94674-8. The definitive English-language biography of Hilbert.
Reid 1996, chap. 13. Reid, Constance. (1996). Hilbert. New York: Springer. ISBN 0-387-94674-8. The definitive English-language biography of Hilbert.
Sieg 2013, p. 284-285. Sieg, Wilfried (2013). Hilbert's Programs and Beyond. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-537222-9.

claremont.edu (Global: low place; English: 6,768^th place)

scholarship.claremont.edu

Reichenberger, Andrea (31 January 2019). "From Solvability to Formal Decidability: Revisiting Hilbert's "Non-Ignorabimus"". Journal of Humanistic Mathematics. 9 (1): 49–80. doi:10.5642/jhummath.201901.05. ISSN 2159-8118. S2CID 127398451.

clarku.edu (Global: 9,653^rd place; English: 8,559^th place)

mathcs.clarku.edu

Joyce, David. "The Mathematical Problems of David Hilbert". Clark University. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
Hilbert, David. "Mathematical Problems". Retrieved 15 January 2021.

dictionary.com (Global: 1,672^nd place; English: 1,248^th place)

"Hilbert". Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

David Hilbert seemed to be agnostic and had nothing to do with theology proper or even religion. Constance Reid tells a story on the subject:
The Hilberts had by this time [around 1902] left the Reformed Protestant Church in which they had been baptized and married. It was told in Göttingen that when [David Hilbert's son] Franz had started to school he could not answer the question, "What religion are you?" (1970, p. 91)
In the 1927 Hamburg address, Hilbert asserted: "mathematics is pre-suppositionless science (die Mathematik ist eine voraussetzungslose Wissenschaft)" and "to found it I do not need a good God ([z]u ihrer Begründung brauche ich weder den lieben Gott)" (1928, S. 85; van Heijenoort, 1967, p. 479). However, from Mathematische Probleme (1900) to Naturerkennen und Logik (1930) he placed his quasi-religious faith in the human spirit and in the power of pure thought with its beloved child– mathematics. He was deeply convinced that every mathematical problem could be solved by pure reason: in both mathematics and any part of natural science (through mathematics) there was "no ignorabimus" (Hilbert, 1900, S. 262; 1930, S. 963; Ewald, 1996, pp. 1102, 1165). That is why finding an inner absolute grounding for mathematics turned into Hilbert's life-work. He never gave up this position, and it is symbolic that his words "wir müssen wissen, wir werden wissen" ("we must know, we shall know") from his 1930 Königsberg address were engraved on his tombstone. Here, we meet a ghost of departed theology (to modify George Berkeley's words), for to absolutize human cognition means to identify it tacitly with a divine one. —Shaposhnikov, Vladislav (2016). "Theological Underpinnings of the Modern Philosophy of Mathematics. Part II: The Quest for Autonomous Foundations". Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric. 44 (1): 147–168. doi:10.1515/slgr-2016-0009.
Milkov, Nikolay; Peckhaus, Volker (1 January 2013). "The Berlin Group and the Vienna Circle: Affinities and Divergences". The Berlin Group and the Philosophy of Logical Empiricism (PDF). Boston Studies un the Philosophy and History of Science. Vol. 273. p. 20. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5485-0_1. ISBN 978-94-007-5485-0. OCLC 7325392474. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 August 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
Milne-Thomson, L (1935). "Grundlagen der Mathematik". Nature. 136 (3430): 126–127. Bibcode:1935Natur.136..126M. doi:10.1038/136126a0. S2CID 4122792. Retrieved 15 December 2023. This is probably the most important book on mathematical foundations that has appeared since Whitehead and Russell's "Principia Mathematica".
Hilbert, David (1902). "Mathematical problems". Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society. 8 (10). Translated by Winston Newson, Mary: 437–479. doi:10.1090/S0002-9904-1902-00923-3. ISSN 0273-0979.
Reichenberger, Andrea (31 January 2019). "From Solvability to Formal Decidability: Revisiting Hilbert's "Non-Ignorabimus"". Journal of Humanistic Mathematics. 9 (1): 49–80. doi:10.5642/jhummath.201901.05. ISSN 2159-8118. S2CID 127398451.
Sauer 1999; Fölsing 1998^{[page needed]}; Isaacson 2007:212 Sauer, Tilman (1999). "The Relativity of Discovery: Hilberts First Note on the Foundations of Physics". Archive for History of Exact Sciences. 53 (5): 529–575. arXiv:physics/9811050. Bibcode:1998physics..11050S. doi:10.1007/s004070050006. Fölsing, Albrecht (1998). Albert Einstein. Penguin.
Endres, S.; Steiner, F. (2009), "The Berry–Keating operator on $L^{2}({\mathbb {R} }_{>},{\rm {d}}x)$ and on compact quantum graphs with general self-adjoint realizations", Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical, 43 (9): 37, arXiv:0912.3183v5, doi:10.1088/1751-8113/43/9/095204, S2CID 115162684

gutenberg.org (Global: 629^th place; English: 427^th place)

Hilbert 1950 Hilbert, David (1950) [1902]. The Foundations of Geometry [Grundlagen der Geometrie] (PDF). Translated by Townsend, E.J. (2nd ed.). La Salle, IL: Open Court Publishing. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 December 2005.

mathgenealogy.org (Global: 1,849^th place; English: 1,732^nd place)

David Hilbert at the Mathematics Genealogy Project

nasonline.org (Global: 2,262^nd place; English: 1,563^rd place)

"David Hilbert". www.nasonline.org. Retrieved 30 June 2023.

nature.com (Global: 207^th place; English: 347^th place)

Milne-Thomson, L (1935). "Grundlagen der Mathematik". Nature. 136 (3430): 126–127. Bibcode:1935Natur.136..126M. doi:10.1038/136126a0. S2CID 4122792. Retrieved 15 December 2023. This is probably the most important book on mathematical foundations that has appeared since Whitehead and Russell's "Principia Mathematica".
G. B. Mathews(1909) The Foundations of Geometry from Nature 80:394,5 (#2066)

nodak.edu (Global: 4,368^th place; English: 5,513^th place)

genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu

"The Mathematics Genealogy Project – David Hilbert". Retrieved 7 July 2007.

philpapers.org (Global: 2,176^th place; English: 1,487^th place)

Milkov, Nikolay; Peckhaus, Volker (1 January 2013). "The Berlin Group and the Vienna Circle: Affinities and Divergences". The Berlin Group and the Philosophy of Logical Empiricism (PDF). Boston Studies un the Philosophy and History of Science. Vol. 273. p. 20. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5485-0_1. ISBN 978-94-007-5485-0. OCLC 7325392474. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 August 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2021.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

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Milne-Thomson, L (1935). "Grundlagen der Mathematik". Nature. 136 (3430): 126–127. Bibcode:1935Natur.136..126M. doi:10.1038/136126a0. S2CID 4122792. Retrieved 15 December 2023. This is probably the most important book on mathematical foundations that has appeared since Whitehead and Russell's "Principia Mathematica".
Reichenberger, Andrea (31 January 2019). "From Solvability to Formal Decidability: Revisiting Hilbert's "Non-Ignorabimus"". Journal of Humanistic Mathematics. 9 (1): 49–80. doi:10.5642/jhummath.201901.05. ISSN 2159-8118. S2CID 127398451.
Endres, S.; Steiner, F. (2009), "The Berry–Keating operator on $L^{2}({\mathbb {R} }_{>},{\rm {d}}x)$ and on compact quantum graphs with general self-adjoint realizations", Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical, 43 (9): 37, arXiv:0912.3183v5, doi:10.1088/1751-8113/43/9/095204, S2CID 115162684

st-andrews.ac.uk (Global: 1,053^rd place; English: 1,274^th place)

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"Helmut Hasse - Biography". Maths History. Retrieved 1 July 2025.

stanford.edu (Global: 194^th place; English: 182^nd place)

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Zach, Richard (31 July 2003). "Hilbert's Program". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 23 March 2009.

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people.cs.uchicago.edu

"Mathematics is a presuppositionless science. To found it I do not need God, as does Kronecker, or the assumption of a special faculty of our understanding attuned to the principle of mathematical induction, as does Poincaré, or the primal intuition of Brouwer, or, finally, as do Russell and Whitehead, axioms of infinity, reducibility, or completeness, which in fact are actual, contentual assumptions that cannot be compensated for by consistency proofs." David Hilbert, Die Grundlagen der Mathematik, Hilbert's program, 22C:096, University of Iowa.

uni-goettingen.de (Global: 2,423^rd place; English: 2,569^th place)

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Otto Blumenthal (1935). David Hilbert (ed.). Lebensgeschichte. Gesammelte Abhandlungen. Vol. 3. Julius Springer. pp. 388–429. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2018. Here: p.402-403

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Milkov, Nikolay; Peckhaus, Volker (1 January 2013). "The Berlin Group and the Vienna Circle: Affinities and Divergences". The Berlin Group and the Philosophy of Logical Empiricism (PDF). Boston Studies un the Philosophy and History of Science. Vol. 273. p. 20. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5485-0_1. ISBN 978-94-007-5485-0. OCLC 7325392474. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 August 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
Tappan, Steve. ""Shame" at Göttingen". Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 5 June 2013. (Hilbert's colleagues exiled)
Hilbert 1950 Hilbert, David (1950) [1902]. The Foundations of Geometry [Grundlagen der Geometrie] (PDF). Translated by Townsend, E.J. (2nd ed.). La Salle, IL: Open Court Publishing. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 December 2005.
Otto Blumenthal (1935). David Hilbert (ed.). Lebensgeschichte. Gesammelte Abhandlungen. Vol. 3. Julius Springer. pp. 388–429. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2018. Here: p.402-403

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Milkov, Nikolay; Peckhaus, Volker (1 January 2013). "The Berlin Group and the Vienna Circle: Affinities and Divergences". The Berlin Group and the Philosophy of Logical Empiricism (PDF). Boston Studies un the Philosophy and History of Science. Vol. 273. p. 20. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5485-0_1. ISBN 978-94-007-5485-0. OCLC 7325392474. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 August 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
Hilbert, David (1902). "Mathematical problems". Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society. 8 (10). Translated by Winston Newson, Mary: 437–479. doi:10.1090/S0002-9904-1902-00923-3. ISSN 0273-0979.
Reichenberger, Andrea (31 January 2019). "From Solvability to Formal Decidability: Revisiting Hilbert's "Non-Ignorabimus"". Journal of Humanistic Mathematics. 9 (1): 49–80. doi:10.5642/jhummath.201901.05. ISSN 2159-8118. S2CID 127398451.

David Hilbert (English Wikipedia)

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mathgenealogy.org (Global: 1,849th place; English: 1,732nd place)

nasonline.org (Global: 2,262nd place; English: 1,563rd place)

nature.com (Global: 207th place; English: 347th place)

nodak.edu (Global: 4,368th place; English: 5,513th place)