Steinberg, Shirley R.; Parmar, Priya; Richard, Birgit (2005). Contemporary Youth Culture. An International Encyclopedia. Volume II. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 431. ISBN0-313-33729-2. "The subculture of the Goths (in Germany called "Grufties") started in Britain in the early 1980s and derives from the gloomy, resigned side of punk and new wave, in the field of music called 'dark wave' or 'doom.'"
Stücker, Bianca (2013). "Electro Wave". Gothic Electro. Die Funktionalisierung von Technik innerhalb des subkulturellen Kontexts (in German). Europäischer Hochschulverlag. p. 76. ISBN978-3-86741-863-8.
Stücker, Bianca (2013). "Neo-Klassik". Gothic Electro. Die Funktionalisierung von Technik innerhalb des subkulturellen Kontexts (in German). Europäischer Hochschulverlag. p. 82. ISBN978-3-86741-863-8.
Rouner, Jeff (20 January 2011). "The Seven Ages of Goth". Houston Press. "The term 'darkwave' came from back in the 1980s, and was one of the terms used to describe the Golden Age bands, as well as dark electronica acts like Gary Numan and Depeche Mode."
Marks, Peter. "Review of Time". Release Music Magazine. For the first half of the 1990s, this band were in the vanguard of the neo-classical movement...
rocksubculture.com
DeBord, Jason: Clan of Xymox at DNA Lounge, Rock Subculture Journal, March 21, 2015 "A pioneer of Darkwave music, the mix of Synth Wave, Post-Punk, and Gothic Rock had its golden age in the '80s among contemporaries like Bauhaus, Joy Division, the Cure, Sisters of Mercy, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Cocteau Twins, and Depeche Mode."
Ogiba, Jeff (11 July 2012). "A Brief History of Musical Waves from NEW to NEXT". Vice. "Dark Wave was another late-'70s off-shoot of New Wave. The genre contained the gloomiest of the groups, featuring with slower tempos, deeper vocals, and intense lyrical content. Some bands include the Danse Society, the Sisters of Mercy, and Bauhaus. The Dark Wavers still exist, and the popularity of the genre has seen a revival in recent years."
Farin, Klaus; Neubauer, Hendrik (2001). Artificial Tribes: Jugendliche Stammeskulturen in Deutschland (Orig.-Ausg. ed.). Bad Tölz: Tilsner. p. 139. ISBN3-933773-11-3. OCLC493304020.
Matzke, Peter; Seeliger, Tobias (2002). Die schwarze Musik-Szene in Deutschland (2., erg. Aufl. ed.). Berlin: Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf. p. 217. ISBN3-89602-332-2. OCLC742385153.
Farin, Klaus; Weidenkaff, Ingo (1999). Jugendkulturen in Thüringen (Orig.-Ausg. ed.). Bad Tölz: Tilsner. p. 41. ISBN3-933773-25-3. OCLC651857996.