Deep Blue (chess computer) (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Deep Blue (chess computer)" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

39web.archive.org

1^st place

8books.google.com

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7doi.org

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4ibm.com

1,131^st place

850^th place

3nytimes.com

7^th place

2scientificamerican.com

896^th place

674^th place

2computerhistory.org

2,213^th place

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2chessbase.com

1,818^th place

1,271^st place

2arimaa.com

low place

2semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

2worldcat.org

5^th place

1game-ai-forum.org

low place

1archive.org

6^th place

1univ-lille3.fr

low place

1si.edu

340^th place

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1nydailynews.com

134^th place

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1slate.com

259^th place

188^th place

1sciencehistory.org

3,963^rd place

2,357^th place

1washingtonpost.com

34^th place

27^th place

1loc.gov

70^th place

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1nbcnews.com

137^th place

101^st place

1reuters.com

49^th place

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1chess.co.uk

low place

1about.com

216^th place

186^th place

1ucl.ac.uk

1,306^th place

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1harvard.edu

18^th place

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1nih.gov

4^th place

1phys.org

1,283^rd place

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1handle.net

102^nd place

76^th place

1bbc.co.uk

8^th place

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1pace.edu

low place

7,416^th place

1cnet.com

272^nd place

225^th place

1top500.org

7,602^nd place

6,867^th place

about.com

chess.about.com

"'Game Over' : Did IBM Cheat Kasparov?". About.com: Chess. June 2005. Archived from the original on 12 October 2007. Retrieved 4 June 2020.

archive.org

Newborn 2002, pp. 11–20 Newborn, Monty (2002). Deep Blue: An Artificial Intelligence Milestone. Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-95461-5.

arimaa.com

Syed & Syed 2003, p. 138 Syed, Omar; Syed, Aamir (2003). "Arimaa – a New Game Designed to be Difficult for Computers". International Computer Games Association Journal. 26 (2). Leiden University: 138–139. doi:10.3233/ICG-2003-26213. Archived from the original on 6 November 2020. Retrieved 18 August 2021 – via arimaa.com.
Wu 2015, p. 19 Wu, David J. (2015). "Designing a Winning Arimaa Program" (PDF). International Computer Games Association Journal. 38 (1). Leiden University: 19–40. doi:10.3233/ICG-2015-38104. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 November 2017. Retrieved 18 August 2021 – via arimaa.com.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

"Chess champion loses to computer". BBC News. 5 December 2006. Archived from the original on 31 December 2007. Retrieved 4 May 2008.

books.google.com

Zuckerman 2019, p. 178 Zuckerman, Gregory (2019). The Man Who Solved the Market: How Jim Simons Launched the Quant Revolution (1st (hbk) ed.). Penguin/Portfolio. ISBN 978-0-7352-1798-0. Archived from the original on 18 August 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
(Hsu 2004) Hsu, Feng-hsiung (2004) [2002]. Behind Deep Blue: Building the Computer that Defeated the World Chess Champion (revised ed.). Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-11818-5. Archived from the original on 22 March 2022. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
Newborn 1997, p. 287 Newborn, Monty (1997). Kasparov versus Deep Blue: Computer Chess Comes of Age (1st ed.). Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-94820-1. Archived from the original on 18 August 2021. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
Hsu 2004, p. x Hsu, Feng-hsiung (2004) [2002]. Behind Deep Blue: Building the Computer that Defeated the World Chess Champion (revised ed.). Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-11818-5. Archived from the original on 22 March 2022. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
Warwick 2004, p. 95 Warwick, Kevin (2004). I, Cyborg. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-07215-4. Archived from the original on 18 August 2021. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
Amis 2011, p. vii Amis, Martin (2011). "Foreword". In Mann, Windsor (ed.). The Quotable Hitchens: From Alcohol to Zionism. Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-81983-4. Archived from the original on 29 March 2022. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
Gonsalves 2017, p. 234 Gonsalves, Tad (2017). "The Summers and Winters of Artificial Intelligence". In Khosrow-Pour, Mehdi (ed.). Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology. Vol. 1. IGI Global. pp. 229–238. ISBN 978-1-5225-2256-0. Archived from the original on 29 March 2022. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
Hsu, Feng-hsiung (3 May 2022). Behind Deep Blue: Building the Computer That Defeated the World Chess Champion. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-23514-1.

chess.co.uk

"Owen Williams replies to Feng-hsiung Hsu". The Week in Chess. 13 January 2000. Archived from the original on 29 July 2012. Retrieved 11 May 2012.

chessbase.com

en.chessbase.com

Silver, Albert (19 February 2015). "Deep Blue's cheating move". Chess Base. Chess News. Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
Schulz, André (23 November 2006). "Das letzte Match Mensch gegen Maschine?" [The last man vs machine match?]. Der Spiegel (in German). Translated by ChessBase Chess News. Archived from the original on 16 October 2012. Retrieved 18 August 2021.

cnet.com

Festa, Paul (2 September 1997). "IBM upgrades Deep Blue". Clnet. Archived from the original on 3 January 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2022.

computerhistory.org

"Joel Benjamin playing a practice game with Deep Blue". Computer History Museum. Archived from the original on 17 February 2020. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
"Deep Blue II". Computer History Museum. Archived from the original on 4 October 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2020.

doi.org

Syed & Syed 2003, p. 138 Syed, Omar; Syed, Aamir (2003). "Arimaa – a New Game Designed to be Difficult for Computers". International Computer Games Association Journal. 26 (2). Leiden University: 138–139. doi:10.3233/ICG-2003-26213. Archived from the original on 6 November 2020. Retrieved 18 August 2021 – via arimaa.com.
Wu 2015, p. 19 Wu, David J. (2015). "Designing a Winning Arimaa Program" (PDF). International Computer Games Association Journal. 38 (1). Leiden University: 19–40. doi:10.3233/ICG-2015-38104. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 November 2017. Retrieved 18 August 2021 – via arimaa.com.
Silver, David; Hubert, Thomas; Schrittwieser, Julian; et al. (6 December 2018). "A general reinforcement learning algorithm that masters chess, shogi, and Go through self-play" (PDF). Science. 362 (6419): 1140–1144. Bibcode:2018Sci...362.1140S. doi:10.1126/science.aar6404. PMID 30523106. S2CID 54457125. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 September 2019. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
Barbierato, Enrico; Zamponi, Maria Enrica (2022). "Shifting Perspectives on AI Evaluation: The Increasing Role of Ethics in Cooperation". AI. 3 (2): 331–352. doi:10.3390/ai3020021. hdl:10807/259716.
Campbell 1999, p. 66 Campbell, Murray (1999). "Knowledge discovery in deep blue". Communications of the ACM. 42 (11). Association for Computing Machinery: 65–67. doi:10.1145/319382.319396. S2CID 176390.
Hsu, Campbell & Hoane 1995 p. 240 Hsu, Feng-hsiung; Campbell, Murray; Hoane, A. Joseph Jr. (1995). "Deep Blue System Overview" (PDF). Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Supercomputing. 1995 International Conference on Supercomputing. Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 240–244. doi:10.1145/224538.224567. ISBN 978-0-89791-728-5. Archived from the original on 17 October 2018 – via top-5000.nl.
Hsu, Feng-hsiung (March–April 1999). "IBM's Deep Blue Chess Grandmaster Chips" (PDF). IEEE Micro. 19 (2): 70–81. doi:10.1109/40.755469. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 December 2004. Retrieved 11 January 2022.

game-ai-forum.org

"Deep Thought (Chess)". ICGA Tournaments. Archived from the original on 6 November 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2022.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Barbierato, Enrico; Zamponi, Maria Enrica (2022). "Shifting Perspectives on AI Evaluation: The Increasing Role of Ethics in Cooperation". AI. 3 (2): 331–352. doi:10.3390/ai3020021. hdl:10807/259716.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Silver, David; Hubert, Thomas; Schrittwieser, Julian; et al. (6 December 2018). "A general reinforcement learning algorithm that masters chess, shogi, and Go through self-play" (PDF). Science. 362 (6419): 1140–1144. Bibcode:2018Sci...362.1140S. doi:10.1126/science.aar6404. PMID 30523106. S2CID 54457125. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 September 2019. Retrieved 4 January 2022.

ibm.com

research.ibm.com

IBM. "Deep Blue – Overview". IBM Research. Archived from the original on 12 December 2008. Retrieved 19 August 2008.
IBM Research Game 2 Archived 19 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Deep Blue IBM
"Deep Blue – Replay the Games". IBM Research. Archived from the original on 1 July 2008. Retrieved 10 June 2020.

www-03.ibm.com

"Deep Blue: Cultural Impacts". IBM100. IBM. Archived from the original on 30 March 2014. Retrieved 5 June 2020.

loc.gov

lccn.loc.gov

LC Catalog – Item Information (Full Record). LCCN 2017304768.

nbcnews.com

Boyle, Alan (16 June 2004). "How prizes pushed progress". NBC News. Retrieved 23 January 2024.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Silver, David; Hubert, Thomas; Schrittwieser, Julian; et al. (6 December 2018). "A general reinforcement learning algorithm that masters chess, shogi, and Go through self-play" (PDF). Science. 362 (6419): 1140–1144. Bibcode:2018Sci...362.1140S. doi:10.1126/science.aar6404. PMID 30523106. S2CID 54457125. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 September 2019. Retrieved 4 January 2022.

nydailynews.com

McPhee, Michele; Baker, K.C.; Siemaszko, Corky (10 May 2015). "IBM's Deep Blue beats chess champion Garry Kasparov in 1997". Daily News. New York. Archived from the original on 3 August 2017. Retrieved 3 August 2017.

nytimes.com

Strogatz, Steven (26 December 2018). "One Giant Step for a Chess-Playing Machine". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 4 January 2022. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
Weber, Bruce (18 May 1997). "What Deep Blue Learned in Chess School". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 17 May 2017. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
Weber, Bruce (5 May 1997). "Computer Defeats Kasparov, Stunning the Chess Experts". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 April 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2020.

pace.edu

csis.pace.edu

Hsu, Feng-hsiung (March–April 1999). "IBM's Deep Blue Chess Grandmaster Chips" (PDF). IEEE Micro. 19 (2): 70–81. doi:10.1109/40.755469. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 December 2004. Retrieved 11 January 2022.

phys.org

"Google's AlphaGo retires on top after humbling world No. 1". phys.org. 27 May 2017. Archived from the original on 28 May 2017. Retrieved 4 January 2022.

reuters.com

Baldwin, Alan (11 April 2020). "On this day: Born April 13, 1963; Russian chess champion Garry Kasparov". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2 November 2020. Retrieved 18 August 2021.

sciencehistory.org

Roberts, Jacob (2016). "Thinking Machines: The Search for Artificial Intelligence". Distillations. 2 (2): 14–23. Archived from the original on 19 August 2018. Retrieved 22 March 2018.

scientificamerican.com

Greenemeier, Larry (2 June 2017). "20 Years after Deep Blue: How AI Has Advanced Since Conquering Chess". Scientific American. Archived from the original on 30 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
Greenemeier, Larry. "20 Years after Deep Blue: How AI Has Advanced Since Conquering Chess". Scientific American. Archived from the original on 20 December 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2022.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Silver, David; Hubert, Thomas; Schrittwieser, Julian; et al. (6 December 2018). "A general reinforcement learning algorithm that masters chess, shogi, and Go through self-play" (PDF). Science. 362 (6419): 1140–1144. Bibcode:2018Sci...362.1140S. doi:10.1126/science.aar6404. PMID 30523106. S2CID 54457125. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 September 2019. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
Campbell 1999, p. 66 Campbell, Murray (1999). "Knowledge discovery in deep blue". Communications of the ACM. 42 (11). Association for Computing Machinery: 65–67. doi:10.1145/319382.319396. S2CID 176390.

si.edu

americanhistory.si.edu

"Deep Blue Supercomputer Tower". National Museum of American History. Archived from the original on 2 February 2019. Retrieved 1 February 2019.

slate.com

Saletan, William (11 May 2007). "Chess Bump: The triumphant teamwork of humans and computers". Slate. Archived from the original on 13 May 2007.

top500.org

"TOP500 List – June 1997 (201–300)". Top 500. 13 February 2009. Archived from the original on 13 February 2009. Retrieved 10 June 2020.

ucl.ac.uk

discovery.ucl.ac.uk

Silver, David; Hubert, Thomas; Schrittwieser, Julian; et al. (6 December 2018). "A general reinforcement learning algorithm that masters chess, shogi, and Go through self-play" (PDF). Science. 362 (6419): 1140–1144. Bibcode:2018Sci...362.1140S. doi:10.1126/science.aar6404. PMID 30523106. S2CID 54457125. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 September 2019. Retrieved 4 January 2022.

univ-lille3.fr

grappa.univ-lille3.fr

"8th World Computer Chess Championship". ICGA Tournaments. Archived from the original on 7 October 2008. Retrieved 4 June 2020.

washingtonpost.com

Plumer, Brad (26 September 2012). "Nate Silver's 'The Signal and the Noise'". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 9 November 2012. Retrieved 18 August 2021.

web.archive.org

"Deep Thought (Chess)". ICGA Tournaments. Archived from the original on 6 November 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
Greenemeier, Larry (2 June 2017). "20 Years after Deep Blue: How AI Has Advanced Since Conquering Chess". Scientific American. Archived from the original on 30 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
IBM. "Deep Blue – Overview". IBM Research. Archived from the original on 12 December 2008. Retrieved 19 August 2008.
Zuckerman 2019, p. 178 Zuckerman, Gregory (2019). The Man Who Solved the Market: How Jim Simons Launched the Quant Revolution (1st (hbk) ed.). Penguin/Portfolio. ISBN 978-0-7352-1798-0. Archived from the original on 18 August 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
"Joel Benjamin playing a practice game with Deep Blue". Computer History Museum. Archived from the original on 17 February 2020. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
"8th World Computer Chess Championship". ICGA Tournaments. Archived from the original on 7 October 2008. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
"Deep Blue Supercomputer Tower". National Museum of American History. Archived from the original on 2 February 2019. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
"Deep Blue II". Computer History Museum. Archived from the original on 4 October 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
(Hsu 2004) Hsu, Feng-hsiung (2004) [2002]. Behind Deep Blue: Building the Computer that Defeated the World Chess Champion (revised ed.). Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-11818-5. Archived from the original on 22 March 2022. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
Newborn 1997, p. 287 Newborn, Monty (1997). Kasparov versus Deep Blue: Computer Chess Comes of Age (1st ed.). Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-94820-1. Archived from the original on 18 August 2021. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
McPhee, Michele; Baker, K.C.; Siemaszko, Corky (10 May 2015). "IBM's Deep Blue beats chess champion Garry Kasparov in 1997". Daily News. New York. Archived from the original on 3 August 2017. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
IBM Research Game 2 Archived 19 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Deep Blue IBM
Saletan, William (11 May 2007). "Chess Bump: The triumphant teamwork of humans and computers". Slate. Archived from the original on 13 May 2007.
Roberts, Jacob (2016). "Thinking Machines: The Search for Artificial Intelligence". Distillations. 2 (2): 14–23. Archived from the original on 19 August 2018. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
Plumer, Brad (26 September 2012). "Nate Silver's 'The Signal and the Noise'". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 9 November 2012. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
Silver, Albert (19 February 2015). "Deep Blue's cheating move". Chess Base. Chess News. Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
Hsu 2004, p. x Hsu, Feng-hsiung (2004) [2002]. Behind Deep Blue: Building the Computer that Defeated the World Chess Champion (revised ed.). Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-11818-5. Archived from the original on 22 March 2022. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
Warwick 2004, p. 95 Warwick, Kevin (2004). I, Cyborg. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-07215-4. Archived from the original on 18 August 2021. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
"Deep Blue – Replay the Games". IBM Research. Archived from the original on 1 July 2008. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
Baldwin, Alan (11 April 2020). "On this day: Born April 13, 1963; Russian chess champion Garry Kasparov". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2 November 2020. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
Amis 2011, p. vii Amis, Martin (2011). "Foreword". In Mann, Windsor (ed.). The Quotable Hitchens: From Alcohol to Zionism. Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-81983-4. Archived from the original on 29 March 2022. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
"Owen Williams replies to Feng-hsiung Hsu". The Week in Chess. 13 January 2000. Archived from the original on 29 July 2012. Retrieved 11 May 2012.
"'Game Over' : Did IBM Cheat Kasparov?". About.com: Chess. June 2005. Archived from the original on 12 October 2007. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
Syed & Syed 2003, p. 138 Syed, Omar; Syed, Aamir (2003). "Arimaa – a New Game Designed to be Difficult for Computers". International Computer Games Association Journal. 26 (2). Leiden University: 138–139. doi:10.3233/ICG-2003-26213. Archived from the original on 6 November 2020. Retrieved 18 August 2021 – via arimaa.com.
"Deep Blue: Cultural Impacts". IBM100. IBM. Archived from the original on 30 March 2014. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
Wu 2015, p. 19 Wu, David J. (2015). "Designing a Winning Arimaa Program" (PDF). International Computer Games Association Journal. 38 (1). Leiden University: 19–40. doi:10.3233/ICG-2015-38104. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 November 2017. Retrieved 18 August 2021 – via arimaa.com.
Silver, David; Hubert, Thomas; Schrittwieser, Julian; et al. (6 December 2018). "A general reinforcement learning algorithm that masters chess, shogi, and Go through self-play" (PDF). Science. 362 (6419): 1140–1144. Bibcode:2018Sci...362.1140S. doi:10.1126/science.aar6404. PMID 30523106. S2CID 54457125. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 September 2019. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
"Google's AlphaGo retires on top after humbling world No. 1". phys.org. 27 May 2017. Archived from the original on 28 May 2017. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
Strogatz, Steven (26 December 2018). "One Giant Step for a Chess-Playing Machine". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 4 January 2022. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
Schulz, André (23 November 2006). "Das letzte Match Mensch gegen Maschine?" [The last man vs machine match?]. Der Spiegel (in German). Translated by ChessBase Chess News. Archived from the original on 16 October 2012. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
"Chess champion loses to computer". BBC News. 5 December 2006. Archived from the original on 31 December 2007. Retrieved 4 May 2008.
Weber, Bruce (18 May 1997). "What Deep Blue Learned in Chess School". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 17 May 2017. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
Weber, Bruce (5 May 1997). "Computer Defeats Kasparov, Stunning the Chess Experts". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 April 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
Hsu, Campbell & Hoane 1995 p. 240 Hsu, Feng-hsiung; Campbell, Murray; Hoane, A. Joseph Jr. (1995). "Deep Blue System Overview" (PDF). Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Supercomputing. 1995 International Conference on Supercomputing. Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 240–244. doi:10.1145/224538.224567. ISBN 978-0-89791-728-5. Archived from the original on 17 October 2018 – via top-5000.nl.
Greenemeier, Larry. "20 Years after Deep Blue: How AI Has Advanced Since Conquering Chess". Scientific American. Archived from the original on 20 December 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
Hsu, Feng-hsiung (March–April 1999). "IBM's Deep Blue Chess Grandmaster Chips" (PDF). IEEE Micro. 19 (2): 70–81. doi:10.1109/40.755469. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 December 2004. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
Festa, Paul (2 September 1997). "IBM upgrades Deep Blue". Clnet. Archived from the original on 3 January 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
Gonsalves 2017, p. 234 Gonsalves, Tad (2017). "The Summers and Winters of Artificial Intelligence". In Khosrow-Pour, Mehdi (ed.). Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology. Vol. 1. IGI Global. pp. 229–238. ISBN 978-1-5225-2256-0. Archived from the original on 29 March 2022. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
"TOP500 List – June 1997 (201–300)". Top 500. 13 February 2009. Archived from the original on 13 February 2009. Retrieved 10 June 2020.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Strogatz, Steven (26 December 2018). "One Giant Step for a Chess-Playing Machine". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 4 January 2022. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
Weber, Bruce (18 May 1997). "What Deep Blue Learned in Chess School". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 17 May 2017. Retrieved 4 July 2017.