Deep sea mining (English Wikipedia)

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Rosenbaum, Helen (November 2011). "Out of Our Depth: Mining the Ocean Floor in Papua New Guinea". Deep Sea Mining Campaign. MiningWatch Canada, CELCoR, Packard Foundation. Archived from the original on 13 December 2019. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
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"About the Deep Sea Mining campaign | Deep Sea Mining: Out Of Our Depth". www.deepseaminingoutofourdepth.org. 19 November 2011. Archived from the original on 9 November 2018. Retrieved 2 November 2018.

deepwatergroup.org

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defense.gov

"DOD Has Seen 'Huge' Increase in Military Sales Since Ukraine Invasion". U.S. Department of Defense. Retrieved 29 December 2024.

devpolicy.org

Colin Filer; Jennifer Gabriel; Matthew G. Allen (27 April 2020). "How PNG lost US$120 million and the future of deep-sea mining". Devpolicy Blog from the Development Policy Centre. Retrieved 2 January 2024.

doi.org

Muñoz-Royo, Carlos; Peacock, Thomas; Alford, Matthew H.; Smith, Jerome A.; Le Boyer, Arnaud; Kulkarni, Chinmay S.; Lermusiaux, Pierre F. J.; Haley, Patrick J.; Mirabito, Chris; Wang, Dayang; Adams, E. Eric; Ouillon, Raphael; Breugem, Alexander; Decrop, Boudewijn; Lanckriet, Thijs; Supekar, Rohit B.; Rzeznik, Andrew J.; Gartman, Amy; Ju, Se-Jong (27 July 2021). "Extent of impact of deep-sea nodule mining midwater plumes is influenced by sediment loading, turbulence and thresholds". Communications Earth & Environment. 2 (1): 148. Bibcode:2021ComEE...2..148M. doi:10.1038/s43247-021-00213-8. hdl:1721.1/138864.2.
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Kim, Rakhyun E. (August 2017). "Should deep seabed mining be allowed?". Marine Policy. 82: 134–137. Bibcode:2017MarPo..82..134K. doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2017.05.010. hdl:1874/358248.
Costa, Corrado; Fanelli, Emanuela; Marini, Simone; Danovaro, Roberto; Aguzzi, Jacopo (2020). "Global Deep-Sea Biodiversity Research Trends Highlighted by Science Mapping Approach". Frontiers in Marine Science. 7: 384. Bibcode:2020FrMaS...7..384C. doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.00384. hdl:10261/216646.
Halfar, Jochen; Fujita, Rodney M. (18 May 2007). "Danger of Deep-Sea Mining". Science. 316 (5827): 987. doi:10.1126/science.1138289. PMID 17510349.
Petterson, Michael G.; Kim, Hyeon-Ju; Gill, Joel C. (2021). "Conserve and Sustainably Use the Oceans, Seas, and Marine Resources". Geosciences and the Sustainable Development Goals. Sustainable Development Goals Series. pp. 339–367. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-38815-7_14. ISBN 978-3-030-38814-0.
Glasby, G. P.; Emelyanov, E. M.; Zhamoida, V. A.; Baturin, G. N.; Leipe, T.; Bahlo, R.; Bonacker, P. (January 1997). "Environments of formation of ferromanganese concretions in the Baltic Sea: a critical review". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 119 (1): 213–237. Bibcode:1997GSLSP.119..213G. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.14.
Dean, W.E.; Moore, W.S.; Nealson, K.H. (November 1981). "Manganese cycles and the origin of manganese nodules, Oneida Lake, New York, U.S.A.". Chemical Geology. 34 (1–2): 53–64. Bibcode:1981ChGeo..34...53D. doi:10.1016/0009-2541(81)90071-1.
Gollner, Sabine; Kaiser, Stefanie; Menzel, Lena; Jones, Daniel O.B.; Brown, Alastair; Mestre, Nelia C.; van Oevelen, Dick; Menot, Lenaick; Colaço, Ana; Canals, Miquel; Cuvelier, Daphne; Durden, Jennifer M.; Gebruk, Andrey; Egho, Great A.; Haeckel, Matthias; Marcon, Yann; Mevenkamp, Lisa; Morato, Telmo; Pham, Christopher K.; Purser, Autun; Sanchez-Vidal, Anna; Vanreusel, Ann; Vink, Annemiek; Martinez Arbizu, Pedro (August 2017). "Resilience of benthic deep-sea fauna to mining activities" (PDF). Marine Environmental Research. 129: 76–101. Bibcode:2017MarER.129...76G. doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.04.010. PMID 28487161.
Petterson, Michael G.; Tawake, Akuila (January 2019). "The Cook Islands (South Pacific) experience in governance of seabed manganese nodule mining". Ocean & Coastal Management. 167: 271–287. Bibcode:2019OCM...167..271P. doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2018.09.010.
Hein, James R.; Mizell, Kira; Koschinsky, Andrea; Conrad, Tracey A. (June 2013). "Deep-ocean mineral deposits as a source of critical metals for high- and green-technology applications: Comparison with land-based resources". Ore Geology Reviews. 51: 1–14. Bibcode:2013OGRv...51....1H. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2012.12.001.
Fuyuan, Zhang; Weiyan, Zhang; Kechao, Zhu; Shuitu, Gao; Haisheng, Zhang; Xiaoyu, Zhang; Benduo, Zhu (August 2008). "Distribution Characteristics of Cobalt-rich Ferromanganese Crust Resources on Submarine Seamounts in the Western Pacific". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 82 (4): 796–803. Bibcode:2008AcGlS..82..796Z. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2008.tb00633.x.
Ahnert, A.; Borowski, C. (2000). "Environmental risk assessment of anthropogenic activity in the deep-sea". Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Stress and Recovery. 7 (4): 299–315. doi:10.1023/A:1009963912171.
Glasby, G. P. (28 July 2000). "Lessons Learned from Deep-Sea Mining". Science. 289 (5479): 551–553. doi:10.1126/science.289.5479.551. PMID 17832066.
Shewry, Teresa (2017). "Going Fishing: Activism against Deep Ocean Mining, from the Raukūmara Basin to the Bismarck Sea". South Atlantic Quarterly. 116 (1): 207–217. doi:10.1215/00382876-3749625.
Sharma, B. N. N. R. (2000). "Environment and Deep-Sea Mining: A Perspective". Marine Georesources and Geotechnology. 18 (3): 285–294. Bibcode:2000MGG....18..285S. doi:10.1080/10641190051092993.
Willaert, Klaas (2021). Regulating Deep Sea Mining. SpringerBriefs in Law. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-82834-9. ISBN 978-3-030-82833-2.^{[page needed]}
Sharma, R. (October 2005). "Deep-Sea Impact Experiments and their Future Requirements". Marine Georesources & Geotechnology. 23 (4): 331–338. Bibcode:2005MGG....23..331S. doi:10.1080/10641190500446698.
Amon, Diva J.; Ziegler, Amanda F.; Dahlgren, Thomas G.; Glover, Adrian G.; Goineau, Aurélie; Gooday, Andrew J.; Wiklund, Helena; Smith, Craig R. (29 July 2016). "Insights into the abundance and diversity of abyssal megafauna in a polymetallic-nodule region in the eastern Clarion–Clipperton Zone". Scientific Reports. 6 (1): 30492. Bibcode:2016NatSR...630492A. doi:10.1038/srep30492. PMC 4965819. PMID 27470484.
Miller, Kathryn A.; Thompson, Kirsten F.; Johnston, Paul; Santillo, David (10 January 2018). "An Overview of Seabed Mining Including the Current State of Development, Environmental Impacts, and Knowledge Gaps". Frontiers in Marine Science. 4: 418. Bibcode:2018FrMaS...4..418M. doi:10.3389/fmars.2017.00418. hdl:10871/130175.
Koschinsky, Andrea; Heinrich, Luise; Boehnke, Klaus; Cohrs, J Christopher; Markus, Till; Shani, Maor; Singh, Pradeep; Smith Stegen, Karen; Werner, Welf (November 2018). "Deep-sea mining: Interdisciplinary research on potential environmental, legal, economic, and societal implications". Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management. 14 (6): 672–691. Bibcode:2018IEAM...14..672K. doi:10.1002/ieam.4071. PMID 29917315.
Nath, B. Nagender; Sharma, R. (July 2000). "Environment and Deep-Sea Mining: A Perspective". Marine Georesources & Geotechnology. 18 (3): 285–294. Bibcode:2000MGG....18..285N. doi:10.1080/10641190009353796.
Mestre, Nélia C.; Rocha, Thiago L.; Canals, Miquel; Cardoso, Cátia; Danovaro, Roberto; Dell’Anno, Antonio; Gambi, Cristina; Regoli, Francesco; Sanchez-Vidal, Anna; Bebianno, Maria João (September 2017). "Environmental hazard assessment of a marine mine tailings deposit site and potential implications for deep-sea mining". Environmental Pollution. 228: 169–178. Bibcode:2017EPoll.228..169M. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.027. hdl:10400.1/10388. PMID 28531798.
Sweetman, Andrew K.; Smith, Alycia J.; de Jonge, Danielle S. W.; Hahn, Tobias; Schroedl, Peter; Silverstein, Michael; Andrade, Claire; Edwards, R. Lawrence; Lough, Alastair J. M.; Woulds, Clare (22 July 2024). "Evidence of dark oxygen production at the abyssal seafloor". Nature Geoscience. 17 (8): 737. Bibcode:2024NatGe..17..737S. doi:10.1038/s41561-024-01480-8.
Paulikas, Dana; Katona, Steven; Ilves, Erika; Stone, Greg; O'Sullivan, Anthony (2020). Where should metals for the green transition come from? Comparing environmental, social, and economic impacts of supplying base metals from land ores and seafloor polymetallic nodules (PDF). deep.green (Report). DG. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.21346.66242. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 February 2021. Retrieved 11 February 2021.^{[page needed]}
Bederman, David J. (2012). "The Sea". In Fassbender, Bardo; Peters, Anne (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of the History of International Law. pp. 359–380. doi:10.1093/law/9780199599752.003.0016. ISBN 978-0-19-959975-2.
Steinberg, Philip E. (1999). "Lines of Division, Lines of Connection: Stewardship in the World Ocean". Geographical Review. 89 (2): 254–264. Bibcode:1999GeoRv..89..254S. doi:10.2307/216090. JSTOR 216090.
Nye, J. S. (January 1975). "Ocean rule making from a world politics perspective". Ocean Development & International Law. 3 (1): 29–52. doi:10.1080/00908327509545557.
Tanaka, Yoshifumi (2004). "Zonal and Integrated Management Approaches to Ocean Governance: Reflections on a Dual Approach in International Law of the Sea". The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. 19 (4): 483–514. doi:10.1163/1571808053310143.
Singh, Pradeep A. (18 July 2022). "The Invocation of the 'Two-Year Rule' at the International Seabed Authority: Legal Consequences and Implications". The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. 37 (3): 375–412. doi:10.1163/15718085-bja10098.
Silver, Jennifer J.; Gray, Noella J.; Campbell, Lisa M.; Fairbanks, Luke W.; Gruby, Rebecca L. (June 2015). "Blue Economy and Competing Discourses in International Oceans Governance". The Journal of Environment & Development. 24 (2): 135–160. doi:10.1177/1070496515580797.
Pickens, Chris; Lily, Hannah; Harrould-Kolieb, Ellycia; Blanchard, Catherine; Chakraborty, Anindita (November 2024). "From what-if to what-now: Status of the deep-sea mining regulations and underlying drivers for outstanding issues". Marine Policy. 169: 105967. Bibcode:2024MarPo.16905967P. doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105967.
Sharma, Rahul (1 September 2011). "Deep-Sea Mining: Economic, Technical, Technological, and Environmental Considerations for Sustainable Development". Marine Technology Society Journal. 45 (5): 28–41. doi:10.4031/mtsj.45.5.2. ISSN 0025-3324.
Koschinsky, Andrea; Heinrich, Luise; Boehnke, Klaus; Cohrs, J Christopher; Markus, Till; Shani, Maor; Singh, Pradeep; Smith Stegen, Karen; Werner, Welf (November 2018). "Deep-sea mining: Interdisciplinary research on potential environmental, legal, economic, and societal implications". Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management. 14 (6): 672–691. Bibcode:2018IEAM...14..672K. doi:10.1002/ieam.4071. ISSN 1551-3777. PMID 29917315.
Koschinsky, Andrea; Heinrich, Luise; Boehnke, Klaus; Cohrs, J Christopher; Markus, Till; Shani, Maor; Singh, Pradeep; Smith Stegen, Karen; Werner, Welf (November 2018). "Deep-sea mining: Interdisciplinary research on potential environmental, legal, economic, and societal implications". Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management. 14 (6): 672–691. Bibcode:2018IEAM...14..672K. doi:10.1002/ieam.4071. ISSN 1551-3777. PMID 29917315.
Levin, Lisa A.; Amon, Diva J.; Lily, Hannah (6 July 2020). "Challenges to the sustainability of deep-seabed mining". Nature Sustainability. 3 (10): 784–794. Bibcode:2020NatSu...3..784L. doi:10.1038/s41893-020-0558-x. ISSN 2398-9629.
Levin, Lisa A.; Amon, Diva J.; Lily, Hannah (6 July 2020). "Challenges to the sustainability of deep-seabed mining". Nature Sustainability. 3 (10): 784–794. Bibcode:2020NatSu...3..784L. doi:10.1038/s41893-020-0558-x. ISSN 2398-9629.
Lesage, Maxime; Juliani, Cyril; Ellefmo, Steinar L. (October 2018). "Economic Block Model Development for Mining Seafloor Massive Sulfides". Minerals. 8 (10): 468. Bibcode:2018Mine....8..468L. doi:10.3390/min8100468. hdl:11250/2612136. ISSN 2075-163X.
Folkersen, Maja Vinde; Fleming, Christopher M.; Hasan, Syezlin (August 2018). "The economic value of the deep sea: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Marine Policy. 94: 71–80. Bibcode:2018MarPo..94...71F. doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2018.05.003.
Hallgren, Axel; Hansson, Anders (8 May 2021). "Conflicting Narratives of Deep Sea Mining". Sustainability. 13 (9): 5261. Bibcode:2021Sust...13.5261H. doi:10.3390/su13095261. ISSN 2071-1050.
Levin, Lisa A.; Amon, Diva J.; Lily, Hannah (6 July 2020). "Challenges to the sustainability of deep-seabed mining". Nature Sustainability. 3 (10): 784–794. Bibcode:2020NatSu...3..784L. doi:10.1038/s41893-020-0558-x. ISSN 2398-9629.
Koschinsky, Andrea; Heinrich, Luise; Boehnke, Klaus; Cohrs, J Christopher; Markus, Till; Shani, Maor; Singh, Pradeep; Smith Stegen, Karen; Werner, Welf (November 2018). "Deep-sea mining: Interdisciplinary research on potential environmental, legal, economic, and societal implications". Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management. 14 (6): 672–691. Bibcode:2018IEAM...14..672K. doi:10.1002/ieam.4071. ISSN 1551-3777. PMID 29917315.
Lesage, Maxime; Juliani, Cyril; Ellefmo, Steinar L. (October 2018). "Economic Block Model Development for Mining Seafloor Massive Sulfides". Minerals. 8 (10): 468. Bibcode:2018Mine....8..468L. doi:10.3390/min8100468. hdl:11250/2612136. ISSN 2075-163X.
Hallgren, Axel; Hansson, Anders (8 May 2021). "Conflicting Narratives of Deep Sea Mining". Sustainability. 13 (9): 5261. Bibcode:2021Sust...13.5261H. doi:10.3390/su13095261. ISSN 2071-1050.
Iyke, Bernard Njindan (1 January 2024). "Climate change, energy security risk, and clean energy investment". Energy Economics. 129: 107225. Bibcode:2024EneEc.12907225I. doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2023.107225. ISSN 0140-9883.
Cui, Lianbiao; Yue, Suyun; Nghiem, Xuan-Hoa; Duan, Mei (1 March 2023). "Exploring the risk and economic vulnerability of global energy supply chain interruption in the context of Russo-Ukrainian war". Resources Policy. 81: 103373. Bibcode:2023RePol..8103373C. doi:10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.103373. ISSN 0301-4207.
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Ginzky, Harald; Singh, Pradeep A.; Markus, Till (1 April 2020). "Strengthening the International Seabed Authority's knowledge-base: Addressing uncertainties to enhance decision-making". Marine Policy. 114: 103823. Bibcode:2020MarPo.11403823G. doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2020.103823. ISSN 0308-597X. S2CID 212808129.
Miller, K. A.; Brigden, K.; Santillo, D.; Currie, D.; Johnston, P.; Thompson, K. F. (2021). "Challenging the Need for Deep Seabed Mining From the Perspective of Metal Demand, Biodiversity, Ecosystems Services, and Benefit Sharing". Frontiers in Marine Science. 8. doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.706161. hdl:10871/126732. ISSN 2296-7745.
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dsmobserver.com

Thaler, Andrew (2022) The Metals Company completes a world-first test of deep-sea mining system. DSM Observer Deep Sea Mining News & Resources. https://dsmobserver.com/2022/12/the-metals-company-completes-a-world-first-test-of-deep-sea-mining-system/

easac.eu

European Academies’ Science Advisory Council (EASAC) (2023) Deep-Sea Mining: assessing evidence on future needs and environmental impacts: Statement. https://easac.eu/publications/details/deep-sea-mining-assessing-evidence-on-future-needs-and-environmental-impacts
European Academies’ Science Advisory Council (EASAC) (2023) Deep-Sea Mining: assessing evidence on future needs and environmental impacts: Statement. https://easac.eu/publications/details/deep-sea-mining-assessing-evidence-on-future-needs-and-environmental-impactsClingham

economist.com

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eiu.com

country.eiu.com

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ejfoundation.org

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elsevier.com

linkinghub.elsevier.com

Folkersen, Maja Vinde; Fleming, Christopher M.; Hasan, Syezlin (August 2018). "The economic value of the deep sea: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Marine Policy. 94: 71–80. Bibcode:2018MarPo..94...71F. doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2018.05.003.
Iyke, Bernard Njindan (1 January 2024). "Climate change, energy security risk, and clean energy investment". Energy Economics. 129: 107225. Bibcode:2024EneEc.12907225I. doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2023.107225. ISSN 0140-9883.
Cui, Lianbiao; Yue, Suyun; Nghiem, Xuan-Hoa; Duan, Mei (1 March 2023). "Exploring the risk and economic vulnerability of global energy supply chain interruption in the context of Russo-Ukrainian war". Resources Policy. 81: 103373. Bibcode:2023RePol..8103373C. doi:10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.103373. ISSN 0301-4207.

eurometaux.eu

KU Leuven (2022). Metals for Clean Energy: Pathways to Solving Europe’s Raw Materials Challenge. KU Leuven. https://eurometaux.eu/media/20ad5yza/2022-policymake r-summary-report-final.pdf.

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fauna-flora.org

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ghostarchive.org

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gov.ck

sbma.gov.ck

"Cook Islands Seabed Minerals Authority - Map". Archived from the original on 30 June 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
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greenminerals.no

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greenpeace.org

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greenprophet.com

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hakaimagazine.com

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handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Muñoz-Royo, Carlos; Peacock, Thomas; Alford, Matthew H.; Smith, Jerome A.; Le Boyer, Arnaud; Kulkarni, Chinmay S.; Lermusiaux, Pierre F. J.; Haley, Patrick J.; Mirabito, Chris; Wang, Dayang; Adams, E. Eric; Ouillon, Raphael; Breugem, Alexander; Decrop, Boudewijn; Lanckriet, Thijs; Supekar, Rohit B.; Rzeznik, Andrew J.; Gartman, Amy; Ju, Se-Jong (27 July 2021). "Extent of impact of deep-sea nodule mining midwater plumes is influenced by sediment loading, turbulence and thresholds". Communications Earth & Environment. 2 (1): 148. Bibcode:2021ComEE...2..148M. doi:10.1038/s43247-021-00213-8. hdl:1721.1/138864.2.
Kim, Rakhyun E. (August 2017). "Should deep seabed mining be allowed?". Marine Policy. 82: 134–137. Bibcode:2017MarPo..82..134K. doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2017.05.010. hdl:1874/358248.
Costa, Corrado; Fanelli, Emanuela; Marini, Simone; Danovaro, Roberto; Aguzzi, Jacopo (2020). "Global Deep-Sea Biodiversity Research Trends Highlighted by Science Mapping Approach". Frontiers in Marine Science. 7: 384. Bibcode:2020FrMaS...7..384C. doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.00384. hdl:10261/216646.
Miller, Kathryn A.; Thompson, Kirsten F.; Johnston, Paul; Santillo, David (10 January 2018). "An Overview of Seabed Mining Including the Current State of Development, Environmental Impacts, and Knowledge Gaps". Frontiers in Marine Science. 4: 418. Bibcode:2018FrMaS...4..418M. doi:10.3389/fmars.2017.00418. hdl:10871/130175.
Mestre, Nélia C.; Rocha, Thiago L.; Canals, Miquel; Cardoso, Cátia; Danovaro, Roberto; Dell’Anno, Antonio; Gambi, Cristina; Regoli, Francesco; Sanchez-Vidal, Anna; Bebianno, Maria João (September 2017). "Environmental hazard assessment of a marine mine tailings deposit site and potential implications for deep-sea mining". Environmental Pollution. 228: 169–178. Bibcode:2017EPoll.228..169M. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.027. hdl:10400.1/10388. PMID 28531798.
Lesage, Maxime; Juliani, Cyril; Ellefmo, Steinar L. (October 2018). "Economic Block Model Development for Mining Seafloor Massive Sulfides". Minerals. 8 (10): 468. Bibcode:2018Mine....8..468L. doi:10.3390/min8100468. hdl:11250/2612136. ISSN 2075-163X.
Lesage, Maxime; Juliani, Cyril; Ellefmo, Steinar L. (October 2018). "Economic Block Model Development for Mining Seafloor Massive Sulfides". Minerals. 8 (10): 468. Bibcode:2018Mine....8..468L. doi:10.3390/min8100468. hdl:11250/2612136. ISSN 2075-163X.
Miller, K. A.; Brigden, K.; Santillo, D.; Currie, D.; Johnston, P.; Thompson, K. F. (2021). "Challenging the Need for Deep Seabed Mining From the Perspective of Metal Demand, Biodiversity, Ecosystems Services, and Benefit Sharing". Frontiers in Marine Science. 8. doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.706161. hdl:10871/126732. ISSN 2296-7745.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Muñoz-Royo, Carlos; Peacock, Thomas; Alford, Matthew H.; Smith, Jerome A.; Le Boyer, Arnaud; Kulkarni, Chinmay S.; Lermusiaux, Pierre F. J.; Haley, Patrick J.; Mirabito, Chris; Wang, Dayang; Adams, E. Eric; Ouillon, Raphael; Breugem, Alexander; Decrop, Boudewijn; Lanckriet, Thijs; Supekar, Rohit B.; Rzeznik, Andrew J.; Gartman, Amy; Ju, Se-Jong (27 July 2021). "Extent of impact of deep-sea nodule mining midwater plumes is influenced by sediment loading, turbulence and thresholds". Communications Earth & Environment. 2 (1): 148. Bibcode:2021ComEE...2..148M. doi:10.1038/s43247-021-00213-8. hdl:1721.1/138864.2.
Kim, Rakhyun E. (August 2017). "Should deep seabed mining be allowed?". Marine Policy. 82: 134–137. Bibcode:2017MarPo..82..134K. doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2017.05.010. hdl:1874/358248.
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