Deep sea mining (English Wikipedia)

"Campaign Reports | Deep Sea Mining: Out Of Our Depth". Deep Sea Mining: Out Of Our Depth. 19 November 2011. Archived from the original on 13 December 2019. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
Rosenbaum, Helen (November 2011). "Out of Our Depth: Mining the Ocean Floor in Papua New Guinea". Deep Sea Mining Campaign. MiningWatch Canada, CELCoR, Packard Foundation. Archived from the original on 13 December 2019. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
"About the Deep Sea Mining Campaign". Deep Sea Mining: Out Of Our Depth. 19 November 2011. Archived from the original on 9 November 2018. Retrieved 2 November 2018.
"About the Deep Sea Mining campaign | Deep Sea Mining: Out Of Our Depth". www.deepseaminingoutofourdepth.org. 19 November 2011. Archived from the original on 9 November 2018. Retrieved 2 November 2018.

deepwatergroup.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) has refused an application by Chatham Rock Phosphate Limited (CRP)". Deepwater group. 2015. Archived from the original on 24 January 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2021.

defense.gov (Global: 1,038^th place; English: 668^th place)

"Securing Critical Minerals Vital to National Security, Official Says". USDOD. 10 January 2025. Archived from the original on 29 April 2025. Retrieved 5 June 2025.
"DOD Has Seen 'Huge' Increase in Military Sales Since Ukraine Invasion". U.S. Department of Defense. Retrieved 29 December 2024.

devpolicy.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Colin Filer; Jennifer Gabriel; Matthew G. Allen (27 April 2020). "How PNG lost US$120 million and the future of deep-sea mining". Devpolicy Blog from the Development Policy Centre. Retrieved 2 January 2024.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Muñoz-Royo, Carlos; Peacock, Thomas; Alford, Matthew H.; Smith, Jerome A.; Le Boyer, Arnaud; Kulkarni, Chinmay S.; Lermusiaux, Pierre F. J.; Haley, Patrick J.; Mirabito, Chris; Wang, Dayang; Adams, E. Eric; Ouillon, Raphael; Breugem, Alexander; Decrop, Boudewijn; Lanckriet, Thijs; Supekar, Rohit B.; Rzeznik, Andrew J.; Gartman, Amy; Ju, Se-Jong (27 July 2021). "Extent of impact of deep-sea nodule mining midwater plumes is influenced by sediment loading, turbulence and thresholds". Communications Earth & Environment. 2 (1): 148. Bibcode:2021ComEE...2..148M. doi:10.1038/s43247-021-00213-8. hdl:1721.1/138864.2.
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Costa, Corrado; Fanelli, Emanuela; Marini, Simone; Danovaro, Roberto; Aguzzi, Jacopo (2020). "Global Deep-Sea Biodiversity Research Trends Highlighted by Science Mapping Approach". Frontiers in Marine Science. 7 384. Bibcode:2020FrMaS...7..384C. doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.00384. hdl:10261/216646.
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Gollner, Sabine; Kaiser, Stefanie; Menzel, Lena; Jones, Daniel O.B.; Brown, Alastair; Mestre, Nelia C.; van Oevelen, Dick; Menot, Lenaick; Colaço, Ana; Canals, Miquel; Cuvelier, Daphne; Durden, Jennifer M.; Gebruk, Andrey; Egho, Great A.; Haeckel, Matthias; Marcon, Yann; Mevenkamp, Lisa; Morato, Telmo; Pham, Christopher K.; Purser, Autun; Sanchez-Vidal, Anna; Vanreusel, Ann; Vink, Annemiek; Martinez Arbizu, Pedro (August 2017). "Resilience of benthic deep-sea fauna to mining activities" (PDF). Marine Environmental Research. 129: 76–101. Bibcode:2017MarER.129...76G. doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.04.010. PMID 28487161.
Petterson, Michael G.; Tawake, Akuila (January 2019). "The Cook Islands (South Pacific) experience in governance of seabed manganese nodule mining". Ocean & Coastal Management. 167: 271–287. Bibcode:2019OCM...167..271P. doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2018.09.010.
Hein, James R.; Mizell, Kira; Koschinsky, Andrea; Conrad, Tracey A. (June 2013). "Deep-ocean mineral deposits as a source of critical metals for high- and green-technology applications: Comparison with land-based resources". Ore Geology Reviews. 51: 1–14. Bibcode:2013OGRv...51....1H. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2012.12.001.
Fuyuan, Zhang; Weiyan, Zhang; Kechao, Zhu; Shuitu, Gao; Haisheng, Zhang; Xiaoyu, Zhang; Benduo, Zhu (August 2008). "Distribution Characteristics of Cobalt-rich Ferromanganese Crust Resources on Submarine Seamounts in the Western Pacific". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 82 (4): 796–803. Bibcode:2008AcGlS..82..796Z. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2008.tb00633.x.
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Glasby, G. P. (28 July 2000). "Lessons Learned from Deep-Sea Mining". Science. 289 (5479): 551–553. doi:10.1126/science.289.5479.551. PMID 17832066.
Shewry, Teresa (2017). "Going Fishing: Activism against Deep Ocean Mining, from the Raukūmara Basin to the Bismarck Sea". South Atlantic Quarterly. 116 (1): 207–217. doi:10.1215/00382876-3749625.
Sharma, B. N. N. R. (2000). "Environment and Deep-Sea Mining: A Perspective". Marine Georesources and Geotechnology. 18 (3): 285–294. Bibcode:2000MGG....18..285S. doi:10.1080/10641190051092993.
Willaert, Klaas (2021). Regulating Deep Sea Mining. SpringerBriefs in Law. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-82834-9. ISBN 978-3-030-82833-2.^{[page needed]}
Muñoz-Royo, Carlos; Quillon, Raphael; El Mousadik, Souha; Alford, Matthew H.; Peacock, Thomas (21 September 2022). "An in situ study of abyssal turbidity-current sediment plumes generated by a deep seabed polymetallic nodule mining preprototype collector vehicle". Science Advances. 8 (38) eabn1219. Bibcode:2022SciA....8N1219M. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abn1219. PMC 9491711. PMID 36129971.
Jones, Daniel O. B.; Kaiser, Stefanie; Sweetman, Andrew K.; Smith, Craig R.; Menot, Lenaick; Vink, Annemiek; Trueblood, Dwight; Greinert, Jens; Billett, David S. M.; Arbizu, Pedro Martinez; Radziejewska, Teresa; Singh, Ravail; Ingole, Baban; Stratmann, Tanja; Simon-Lledó, Erik; Durden, Jennifer M.; Clark, Malcolm R. (8 February 2017). "Biological responses to disturbance from simulated deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining". PLOS ONE. 12 (1) e0171750. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1271750J. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0171750. PMC 5298332. PMID 28178346.
Paulikas, Daina; Katona, Steven; Ilves, Erika; Ali, Saleem H. (1 December 2020). "Life cycle climate change impacts of producing battery metals from land ores versus deep-sea polymetallic nodules". Journal of Cleaner Production. 275 123822. Bibcode:2020JCPro.27523822P. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123822.
Sharma, R. (October 2005). "Deep-Sea Impact Experiments and their Future Requirements". Marine Georesources & Geotechnology. 23 (4): 331–338. Bibcode:2005MGG....23..331S. doi:10.1080/10641190500446698.
Spearman, Jeremy; Taylor, Jonathan; Crossouard, Neil; Cooper, Alan; Turnbull, Michael; Manning, Andrew; Lee, Mark; Murton, Bramley (19 March 2020). "Measurement and modelling of deep sea sediment plumes and implications for deep sea mining". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 5075. Bibcode:2020NatSR..10.5075S. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-61837-y. PMC 7081334. PMID 32193479.
Gillard, Benjamin; Purkiani, Kaveh; Chatzievangelou, Damianos; Vink, Annemiek; Iversen, Morten H.; Thomsen, Laurenz (1 January 2019). "Physical and hydrodynamic properties of deep sea mining-generated, abyssal sediment plumes in the Clarion Clipperton Fracture Zone (eastern-central Pacific)". Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene. 7 (5) 5. Bibcode:2019EleSA...7....5G. doi:10.1525/elementa.343. Retrieved 29 April 2025.
Amon, Diva J.; Ziegler, Amanda F.; Dahlgren, Thomas G.; Glover, Adrian G.; Goineau, Aurélie; Gooday, Andrew J.; Wiklund, Helena; Smith, Craig R. (29 July 2016). "Insights into the abundance and diversity of abyssal megafauna in a polymetallic-nodule region in the eastern Clarion–Clipperton Zone". Scientific Reports. 6 (1) 30492. Bibcode:2016NatSR...630492A. doi:10.1038/srep30492. PMC 4965819. PMID 27470484.
Paulikas, Daina; Katona, Steven; Ilves, Erika; Stone, Gregory; O'Sullivan, Anthony (April 2020), Where Should Metals for the Green Transition Come From, doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.21346.66242
Miller, Kathryn A.; Thompson, Kirsten F.; Johnston, Paul; Santillo, David (10 January 2018). "An Overview of Seabed Mining Including the Current State of Development, Environmental Impacts, and Knowledge Gaps". Frontiers in Marine Science. 4 418. Bibcode:2018FrMaS...4..418M. doi:10.3389/fmars.2017.00418. hdl:10871/130175.
Koschinsky, Andrea; Heinrich, Luise; Boehnke, Klaus; Cohrs, J Christopher; Markus, Till; Shani, Maor; Singh, Pradeep; Smith Stegen, Karen; Werner, Welf (November 2018). "Deep-sea mining: Interdisciplinary research on potential environmental, legal, economic, and societal implications". Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management. 14 (6): 672–691. Bibcode:2018IEAM...14..672K. doi:10.1002/ieam.4071. PMID 29917315.
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Mestre, Nélia C.; Rocha, Thiago L.; Canals, Miquel; Cardoso, Cátia; Danovaro, Roberto; Dell'Anno, Antonio; Gambi, Cristina; Regoli, Francesco; Sanchez-Vidal, Anna; Bebianno, Maria João (September 2017). "Environmental hazard assessment of a marine mine tailings deposit site and potential implications for deep-sea mining". Environmental Pollution. 228: 169–178. Bibcode:2017EPoll.228..169M. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.027. hdl:10400.1/10388. PMID 28531798.
Sweetman, Andrew K.; Smith, Alycia J.; de Jonge, Danielle S. W.; Hahn, Tobias; Schroedl, Peter; Silverstein, Michael; Andrade, Claire; Edwards, R. Lawrence; Lough, Alastair J. M.; Woulds, Clare (22 July 2024). "Evidence of dark oxygen production at the abyssal seafloor". Nature Geoscience. 17 (8): 737. Bibcode:2024NatGe..17..737S. doi:10.1038/s41561-024-01480-8.
Paulikas, Dana; Katona, Steven; Ilves, Erika; Stone, Greg; O'Sullivan, Anthony (2020). Where should metals for the green transition come from? Comparing environmental, social, and economic impacts of supplying base metals from land ores and seafloor polymetallic nodules (PDF). deep.green (Report). DG. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.21346.66242. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 February 2021. Retrieved 11 February 2021.^{[page needed]}
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Sharma, Rahul (1 September 2011). "Deep-Sea Mining: Economic, Technical, Technological, and Environmental Considerations for Sustainable Development". Marine Technology Society Journal. 45 (5): 28–41. Bibcode:2011MTSJ...45e..28S. doi:10.4031/mtsj.45.5.2. ISSN 0025-3324.
Koschinsky, Andrea; Heinrich, Luise; Boehnke, Klaus; Cohrs, J Christopher; Markus, Till; Shani, Maor; Singh, Pradeep; Smith Stegen, Karen; Werner, Welf (November 2018). "Deep-sea mining: Interdisciplinary research on potential environmental, legal, economic, and societal implications". Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management. 14 (6): 672–691. Bibcode:2018IEAM...14..672K. doi:10.1002/ieam.4071. ISSN 1551-3777. PMID 29917315.
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dsmobserver.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Thaler, Andrew (2022) The Metals Company completes a world-first test of deep-sea mining system. DSM Observer Deep Sea Mining News & Resources. https://dsmobserver.com/2022/12/the-metals-company-completes-a-world-first-test-of-deep-sea-mining-system/

dw.com (Global: 204^th place; English: 353^rd place)

Inayatullah, Saim Dušan (22 February 2025). "Cook Islands announces deep sea minerals deal with China". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 27 March 2025.

eartharxiv.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

""Sweetman"". EarthArXiv. Retrieved 17 April 2025.
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easac.eu (Global: low place; English: low place)

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European Academies' Science Advisory Council (EASAC) (2023) Deep-Sea Mining: assessing evidence on future needs and environmental impacts: Statement. https://easac.eu/publications/details/deep-sea-mining-assessing-evidence-on-future-needs-and-environmental-impactsClingham

economist.com (Global: 254^th place; English: 236^th place)

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eiu.com (Global: 3,305^th place; English: 3,353^rd place)

country.eiu.com

"A lease is granted for the first ever deep-sea mining project". country.eiu.com. Retrieved 2 January 2024.^{[unreliable source?]}

ejfoundation.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

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elsevier.com (Global: 610^th place; English: 704^th place)

linkinghub.elsevier.com

Folkersen, Maja Vinde; Fleming, Christopher M.; Hasan, Syezlin (August 2018). "The economic value of the deep sea: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Marine Policy. 94: 71–80. Bibcode:2018MarPo..94...71F. doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2018.05.003.
Cui, Lianbiao; Yue, Suyun; Nghiem, Xuan-Hoa; Duan, Mei (1 March 2023). "Exploring the risk and economic vulnerability of global energy supply chain interruption in the context of Russo-Ukrainian war". Resources Policy. 81 103373. Bibcode:2023RePol..8103373C. doi:10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.103373. ISSN 0301-4207.

eurometaux.eu (Global: low place; English: low place)

KU Leuven (2022). Metals for Clean Energy: Pathways to Solving Europe's Raw Materials Challenge. KU Leuven. https://eurometaux.eu/media/20ad5yza/2022-policymake r-summary-report-final.pdf.

euroweeklynews.com (Global: low place; English: 8,742^nd place)

Hall, Linda (29 June 2024). "Deep distrust of Norway's deep-sea mining". Euro Weekly. Retrieved 17 July 2024.

fauna-flora.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Duthie, Lizzie (1 September 2021). "Out of our depth? Why deep seabed mining is not the answer to the climate crisis". Fauna & Flora International. Archived from the original on 16 October 2021. Retrieved 8 August 2022.

ghostarchive.org (Global: 32^nd place; English: 21^st place)

Katona, Steven; Paulikas, Daina (24 July 2020). "Where Should Metals for the Green Transition Come From?". youtube.com. Energy Futures Lab. Archived from the original on 15 December 2021. Retrieved 11 February 2021.

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sbma.gov.ck

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greenminerals.no (Global: low place; English: low place)

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greenpeace.org (Global: 3,629^th place; English: 3,571^st place)

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greenprophet.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

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hakaimagazine.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Shabahat, Elham (16 February 2024). "In Graphic Detail: Deep-Sea Mining in the United States". Hakai Magazine. Retrieved 19 February 2024.

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

hdl.handle.net

Muñoz-Royo, Carlos; Peacock, Thomas; Alford, Matthew H.; Smith, Jerome A.; Le Boyer, Arnaud; Kulkarni, Chinmay S.; Lermusiaux, Pierre F. J.; Haley, Patrick J.; Mirabito, Chris; Wang, Dayang; Adams, E. Eric; Ouillon, Raphael; Breugem, Alexander; Decrop, Boudewijn; Lanckriet, Thijs; Supekar, Rohit B.; Rzeznik, Andrew J.; Gartman, Amy; Ju, Se-Jong (27 July 2021). "Extent of impact of deep-sea nodule mining midwater plumes is influenced by sediment loading, turbulence and thresholds". Communications Earth & Environment. 2 (1): 148. Bibcode:2021ComEE...2..148M. doi:10.1038/s43247-021-00213-8. hdl:1721.1/138864.2.
Kim, Rakhyun E. (August 2017). "Should deep seabed mining be allowed?". Marine Policy. 82: 134–137. Bibcode:2017MarPo..82..134K. doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2017.05.010. hdl:1874/358248.
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wiley.com (Global: 222^nd place; English: 297^th place)

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wired.com (Global: 193^rd place; English: 152^nd place)

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Deep sea mining (English Wikipedia)

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