Deer (English Wikipedia)

Burden, Dan (June 2012). "Deer Venison Ranching Profile". Agricultural Marketing Resource Center. Archived from the original on 20 April 2016. Retrieved 11 April 2016.

archive.org

Long, C. A. (2008). The Wild Mammals of Wisconsin. Sofia, Bulgaria: Pensoft. p. 439. ISBN 9789546423139.
Kurta, A. (1995). Mammals of the Great Lakes Region (1st ed.). Michigan, US: University of Michigan Press. pp. 260–1. ISBN 978-0-472-06497-7.
Bowers, N.; Bowers, R.; Kaufmann, K. (2004). Mammals of North America. New York, US: Houghton Mifflin. pp. 158–9. ISBN 978-0-618-15313-8.
Burton, M.; Burton, R. (2002). International Wildlife Encyclopedia (3rd ed.). New York, US: Marshall Cavendish. pp. 446–7. ISBN 978-0-7614-7270-4.
Cockerill, R. (1984). Macdonald, D. (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York, US: Facts on File. pp. 520–9. ISBN 978-0-87196-871-5.
Janis, C. M.; Effinger, J. A.; Harrison, J. A.; Honey, J. G.; Kron, D. G.; Lander, B.; Manning, E.; Prothero, D.; Stevens, M. S.; Stucky, R. K.; Webb, S. D.; Wright, D. B. (1998). "Artiodactyla". In Janis, C. M.; Scott, K. M.; Jacobs, L. L. (eds.). Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America (1st ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 337–74. ISBN 978-0-521-35519-3.
Curtis, Gregory (2006). The Cave Painters: Probing the Mysteries of the World's First Artists (1st ed.). New York: Alfred A. Knopf. pp. 96–97, 102. ISBN 978-1400043484.
Arthur Fox-Davies, A Complete Guide to Heraldry, T.C. and E.C. Jack, London, 1909, 208–210,

bartleby.com

"deer". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (4th ed.). Houghton Mifflin Company. 2000. Archived from the original on 25 March 2004.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

Harding, Andrew (23 September 2006). "Beijing's penis emporium". BBC News. Retrieved 23 June 2010.

biodiversitylibrary.org

Brooke, V. (1878). "On the classification of the Cervidœ, with a synopsis of the existing species". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 46 (1): 883–928. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1878.tb08033.x.

books.google.com

Groves, C. (2007). "Family Cervidae". In Prothero, D. R.; Foss, S. E. (eds.). The Evolution of Artiodactyls (Illustrated ed.). Baltimore, US: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 249–56. ISBN 978-0-801-88735-2.
Geist, V. (1998). Deer of the World: Their Evolution, Behaviour and Ecology (1st ed.). Mechanicsburg, US: Stackpole Books. pp. 1–54. ISBN 978-0-8117-0496-0.
Hall, B. K. (2005). Bones and Cartilage: Developmental and Evolutionary Skeletal Biology. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier Academic Press. pp. 103–15. ISBN 978-0-08-045415-3.
Smith, T. (2013). The Real Rudolph: A Natural History of the Reindeer. New York, US: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-9592-7.
Heffelfinger, J. (2006). Deer of the Southwest : A Complete Guide to the Natural History, Biology, and Management of Southwestern Mule Deer and White-tailed Deer (1st ed.). Texas, US: Texas A & M University Press. pp. 1–57. ISBN 978-1-58544-515-8.
Webb, S. D. (2000). "Evolutionary history of New World Cervidae". In Vrba, E. S.; Schaller, G. B. (eds.). Antelopes, Deer, and Relatives: Fossil Record, Behavioral Ecology, Systematics, and Conservation. New Haven, US: Yale University Press. pp. 38–64. ISBN 978-0-300-08142-8.
Courthope, William (1839). Debrett's Complete Peerage of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland: With Additions to the Present Time and a New Set of Coats of Arms from Drawings by Harvey. J. G. & F. Rivington.

bucknell.edu

departments.bucknell.edu

Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 652–70. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

cervera.cat

"Paeria de Cervera". Paeria de Cervera. Retrieved 6 November 2023.

cnn.com

"Worst states for auto-deer crashes". CNN.com. 14 November 2006. Retrieved 5 April 2009.

doi.org

Ryder, M. L.; Kay, R. N. B. (1973). "Structure of and seasonal change in the coat of Red deer (Cervus elaphus)". Journal of Zoology. 170 (1): 69–77. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1973.tb05044.x. ISSN 0952-8369.
Lincoln, G. A.; Guinness, F. E. (1972). "Effect of altered photoperiod on delayed implantation and moulting in roe deer" (PDF). Reproduction. 31 (3): 455–7. doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0310455. PMID 4648129. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
Wislocki, G. B. (1954). "Antlers in female deer, with a report of three cases in Odocoileus". Journal of Mammalogy. 35 (4): 486–95. doi:10.2307/1375571. JSTOR 1375571.
Malo, A. F.; Roldan, E. R. S.; Garde, J.; Soler, A. J.; Gomendio, M. (2005). "Antlers honestly advertise sperm production and quality". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 272 (1559): 149–57. doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.2933. PMC 1634960. PMID 15695205.
Emlen, D. J. (2008). "The evolution of animal weapons". Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. 39: 387–413. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.39.110707.173502.
Bowyer, R. T. (1986). "Antler characteristics as related to social status of male southern mule deer". The Southwestern Naturalist. 31 (3): 289–98. Bibcode:1986SWNat..31..289B. doi:10.2307/3671833. JSTOR 3671833.
Ditchkoff, S. S.; Lochmiller, R. L.; Masters, R. E.; Hoofer, S. R.; Den Bussche, R. A. Van (2001). "Major-histocompatibility-complex-associated variation in secondary sexual traits of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) evidence for good-genes advertisement". Evolution. 55 (3): 616–625. doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2001.tb00794.x. PMID 11327168. S2CID 10418779.
Malo, A. F.; Roldan, E. R. S.; Garde, J.; Soler, A. J.; Gomendio, M. (2005). "Antlers honestly advertise sperm production and quality". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 272 (1559): 149–157. doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.2933. PMC 1634960. PMID 15695205.
Metz, Matthew C.; Emlen, Douglas J.; Stahler, Daniel R.; MacNulty, Daniel R.; Smith, Douglas W. (3 September 2018). "Predation shapes the evolutionary traits of cervid weapons". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 2 (10): 1619–1625. Bibcode:2018NatEE...2.1619M. doi:10.1038/s41559-018-0657-5. PMID 30177803. S2CID 52147419.
Samejima, Y., Matsuoka, H. A new viewpoint on antlers reveals the evolutionary history of deer (Cervidae, Mammalia). Sci Rep 10, 8910 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-64555-7
Case, D.J.; McCullough, D.R. (February 1987). "White-tailed deer forage on alewives". Journal of Mammalogy. 68 (1): 195–198. doi:10.2307/1381075. JSTOR 1381075.
Ellis-Felege, S. N.; Burnam, J. S.; Palmer, W. E.; Sisson, D. C.; Wellendorf, S. D.; Thornton, R. P.; Stribling, H. L.; Carroll, J. P. (2008). "Cameras identify White-tailed deer depredating Northern bobwhite nests". Southeastern Naturalist. 7 (3): 562–564. doi:10.1656/1528-7092-7.3.562. S2CID 84790827.
Delahay, R. J.; Smith, G. C.; Barlow, A. M.; Walker, N.; Harris, A.; Clifton-Hadley, R. S.; Cheeseman, C. L. (2007). "Bovine tuberculosis infection in wild mammals in the South-West region of England: A survey of prevalence and a semi-quantitative assessment of the relative risks to cattle". The Veterinary Journal. 173 (2): 287–301. doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2005.11.011. PMID 16434219.
Ward, A. I.; Smith, G. C.; Etherington, T. R.; Delahay, R. J. (2009). "Estimating the risk of cattle exposure to tuberculosis posed by wild deer relative to badgers in England and Wales". Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 45 (4): 1104–1120. doi:10.7589/0090-3558-45.4.1104. PMID 19901384. S2CID 7102058.
Anonymous (2008). "Bovine TB: EFRACom calls for a multifaceted approach using all available methods". The Veterinary Record. 162 (9): 258–259. doi:10.1136/vr.162.9.258. PMID 18350673. S2CID 2429198.
Delahay, R. J.; De Leeuw, A. N. S.; Barlow, A. M.; Clifton-Hadley, R. S.; Cheeseman, C. L. (2002). "The status of Mycobacterium bovis infection in UK wild mammals: A review". The Veterinary Journal. 164 (2): 90–105. doi:10.1053/tvjl.2001.0667. PMID 12359464.
O'Brien, D. J.; Schmitt, S. M.; Fitzgerald, S. D.; Berry, D. E. (2011). "Management of bovine tuberculosis in Michigan wildlife: Current status and near term prospects". Veterinary Microbiology. 151 (1–2): 179–187. doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.02.042. PMID 21414734.
Rose, K. D. (1982). "Skeleton of Diacodexis, oldest known artiodactyl". Science. 216 (4546): 621–3. Bibcode:1982Sci...216..621R. doi:10.1126/science.216.4546.621. JSTOR 1687682. PMID 17783306. S2CID 13157519.
Ludt, C. J.; Schroeder, W.; Rottmann, O.; Kuehn, R. (2004). "Mitochondrial DNA phylogeography of red deer (Cervus elaphus)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 31 (3): 1064–83. Bibcode:2004MolPE..31.1064L. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2003.10.003. PMID 15120401.
Stirton, R. A. (1944). "Comments on the relationships of the cervoid family Palaeomerycidae". American Journal of Science. 242 (12): 633–55. Bibcode:1944AmJS..242..633S. doi:10.2475/ajs.242.12.633.
Gentry, A. W.; Rössner, G. (1994). "The Miocene differentiation of Old World Pecora (Mammalia)". Historical Biology. 7 (2): 115–58. Bibcode:1994HBio....7..115G. doi:10.1080/10292389409380449.
Azanza, B.; DeMiguel, D.; Andrés, M. (2011). "The antler-like appendages of the primitive deer Dicrocerus elegans: morphology, growth cycle, ontogeny, and sexual dimorphism". Estudios Geológicos. 67 (2): 579–602. doi:10.3989/egeol.40559.207.
Wang, X.; Xie, G.; Dong, W. (2009). "A new species of crown-antlered deer Stephanocemas (Artiodactyla, Cervidae) from the middle Miocene of Qaidam Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau, China, and a preliminary evaluation of its phylogeny". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 156 (3): 680–95. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00491.x.
Walker, D. N. (2000). "Pleistocene and Holocene records of Antilocapra americana: a review of the FAUNMAP data" (PDF). Plains Anthropologist. 45 (174): 13–28. doi:10.1080/2052546.2000.11932020. JSTOR 25669684. S2CID 163903264. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
Dong, W.; Pan, Y.; Liu, J. (September 2004). "The earliest Muntiacus (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from the Late Miocene of Yuanmou, southwestern China". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 3 (5): 379–86. Bibcode:2004CRPal...3..379D. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2004.06.002.
Gilbert, C.; Ropiquet, A.; Hassanin, A. (2006). "Mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies of Cervidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia): Systematics, morphology, and biogeography". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 40 (1): 101–17. Bibcode:2006MolPE..40..101G. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.02.017. PMID 16584894.
Petronio, C.; Krakhmalnaya, T.; Bellucci, L.; Di Stefano, G. (2007). "Remarks on some Eurasian pliocervines: Characteristics, evolution, and relationships with the tribe Cervini". Geobios. 40 (1): 113–30. Bibcode:2007Geobi..40..113P. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2006.01.002.
van der Made, J.; Morales, J.; Sen, S.; Aslan, F. (2002). "The first camel from the Upper Miocene of Turkey and the dispersal of the camels into the Old World". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 1 (2): 117–22. Bibcode:2002CRPal...1..117V. doi:10.1016/S1631-0683(02)00012-X.
Lister, A. M.; Gonzalez, S.; Kitchener, A. C. (2000). "Survival of the Irish elk into the Holocene". Nature. 405 (6788): 753–4. Bibcode:2000Natur.405..753G. doi:10.1038/35015668. PMID 10866185. S2CID 4417046.
Lister, Adrian M.; Stuart, Anthony J. (1 January 2019). "The extinction of the giant deer Megaloceros giganteus (Blumenbach): New radiocarbon evidence". Quaternary International. SI: Quaternary International 500. 500: 185–203. Bibcode:2019QuInt.500..185L. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2019.03.025. ISSN 1040-6182.
Breda, M.; Marchetti, M. (2005). "Systematical and biochronological review of Plio-Pleistocene Alceini (Cervidae; Mammalia) from Eurasia" (PDF). Quaternary Science Reviews. 24 (5–6): 775–805. Bibcode:2005QSRv...24..775B. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.05.005. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
Brooke, V. (1878). "On the classification of the Cervidœ, with a synopsis of the existing species". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 46 (1): 883–928. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1878.tb08033.x.
Grubb, P. (2000). "Valid and invalid nomenclature of living and fossil deer, Cervidae" (PDF). Acta Theriologica. 45 (3): 289–307. doi:10.4098/at.arch.00-30. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
Christian Pitra; Joerns Fickel; Eric Meijaard; Colin grooves (2004). "Evolution and phylogeny of old world deer". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 33 (3): 880–895. Bibcode:2004MolPE..33..880P. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.07.013. PMID 15522810.
Gilbert, C.; Ropiquet, A.; Hassanin, A. (2006). "Mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies of Cervidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia): Systematics, morphology, and biogeography". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 40 (1): 101–117. Bibcode:2006MolPE..40..101G. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.02.017. PMID 16584894.
Hassanin, A.; Douzery, E. J. P. (2003). "Molecular and morphological phylogenies of Ruminantia and the alternative position of the Moschidae". Systematic Biology. 52 (2): 206–28. doi:10.1080/10635150390192726. PMID 12746147.
Lander, Brian; Brunson, Katherine (2018). "Wild Mammals of Ancient North China". The Journal of Chinese History. 2 (2): 291–312. doi:10.1017/jch.2017.45. S2CID 90662935.
Brunson, Katherine; Lander, Brian (2023). "Deer and Humans in the Early Farming Communities of the Yellow River Valley: A Symbiotic Relationship". Human Ecology. 51 (4): 609–625. Bibcode:2023HumEc..51..609B. doi:10.1007/s10745-023-00432-x. S2CID 261164022.
Nugent, G.; Fraser, K. W. (1 October 1993). "Pests or valued resources? Conflicts in management of deer". New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 20 (4): 361–366. doi:10.1080/03014223.1993.10420359. ISSN 0301-4223.

etymonline.com

Harper, Douglas. "Deer". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 7 June 2012.

finch-and-co.co.uk

"Inuit Bering Sea Eskimo Walrus Ivory and Iron Semi-Lunar Knife 'Ulu' (1800 to 1900 Inuit)". Archived from the original on 2 October 2018. Retrieved 2 October 2018.

fws.gov

library.fws.gov

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geraldika.ru

"ГЕРБ ГОРОДА БАЛАХНА". ГЕРБОВНИК.РУ. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
"ГЕРБ ОДИНЦОВСКОГО ГОРОДСКОГО ОКРУГА". ГЕРБОВНИК.РУ. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
"ГЕРБ СЛАВСКОГО МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОГО ОКРУГА". ГЕРБОВНИК.РУ. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
"ГЕРБ ЯМАЛО-НЕНЕЦКОГО АВТОНОМНОГО ОКРУГА". ГЕРБОВНИК.РУ. Retrieved 5 November 2023.

ghostarchive.org

Lincoln, G. A.; Guinness, F. E. (1972). "Effect of altered photoperiod on delayed implantation and moulting in roe deer" (PDF). Reproduction. 31 (3): 455–7. doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0310455. PMID 4648129. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
Walker, D. N. (2000). "Pleistocene and Holocene records of Antilocapra americana: a review of the FAUNMAP data" (PDF). Plains Anthropologist. 45 (174): 13–28. doi:10.1080/2052546.2000.11932020. JSTOR 25669684. S2CID 163903264. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
Ghaffar, A.; Akhtar, M.; Nayyer, A. Q. (2011). "Evidences of Early Pliocene fossil remains of tribe Cervini (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Cervidae) from the Siwaliks of Pakistan" (PDF). Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences. 21 (4): 830–5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
De Vos, J.; Mol, D.; Reumer, J. W. F. (1995). "Early Pleistocene Cervidae (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from the Oosterschelde (the Netherlands), with a revision of the cervid genus Eucladoceros Falconer, 1868" (PDF). Deinsea (2): 95–121. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
Breda, M.; Marchetti, M. (2005). "Systematical and biochronological review of Plio-Pleistocene Alceini (Cervidae; Mammalia) from Eurasia" (PDF). Quaternary Science Reviews. 24 (5–6): 775–805. Bibcode:2005QSRv...24..775B. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.05.005. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
Grubb, P. (2000). "Valid and invalid nomenclature of living and fossil deer, Cervidae" (PDF). Acta Theriologica. 45 (3): 289–307. doi:10.4098/at.arch.00-30. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
"U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, and U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau. 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 16 November 2012.

gjemnes.kommune.no

"Velkommen til Gjemnes kommune". Gjemnes kommune. Retrieved 5 November 2023.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Bowyer, R. T. (1986). "Antler characteristics as related to social status of male southern mule deer". The Southwestern Naturalist. 31 (3): 289–98. Bibcode:1986SWNat..31..289B. doi:10.2307/3671833. JSTOR 3671833.
Metz, Matthew C.; Emlen, Douglas J.; Stahler, Daniel R.; MacNulty, Daniel R.; Smith, Douglas W. (3 September 2018). "Predation shapes the evolutionary traits of cervid weapons". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 2 (10): 1619–1625. Bibcode:2018NatEE...2.1619M. doi:10.1038/s41559-018-0657-5. PMID 30177803. S2CID 52147419.
Rose, K. D. (1982). "Skeleton of Diacodexis, oldest known artiodactyl". Science. 216 (4546): 621–3. Bibcode:1982Sci...216..621R. doi:10.1126/science.216.4546.621. JSTOR 1687682. PMID 17783306. S2CID 13157519.
Ludt, C. J.; Schroeder, W.; Rottmann, O.; Kuehn, R. (2004). "Mitochondrial DNA phylogeography of red deer (Cervus elaphus)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 31 (3): 1064–83. Bibcode:2004MolPE..31.1064L. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2003.10.003. PMID 15120401.
Stirton, R. A. (1944). "Comments on the relationships of the cervoid family Palaeomerycidae". American Journal of Science. 242 (12): 633–55. Bibcode:1944AmJS..242..633S. doi:10.2475/ajs.242.12.633.
Gentry, A. W.; Rössner, G. (1994). "The Miocene differentiation of Old World Pecora (Mammalia)". Historical Biology. 7 (2): 115–58. Bibcode:1994HBio....7..115G. doi:10.1080/10292389409380449.
Dong, W.; Pan, Y.; Liu, J. (September 2004). "The earliest Muntiacus (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from the Late Miocene of Yuanmou, southwestern China". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 3 (5): 379–86. Bibcode:2004CRPal...3..379D. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2004.06.002.
Gilbert, C.; Ropiquet, A.; Hassanin, A. (2006). "Mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies of Cervidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia): Systematics, morphology, and biogeography". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 40 (1): 101–17. Bibcode:2006MolPE..40..101G. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.02.017. PMID 16584894.
Petronio, C.; Krakhmalnaya, T.; Bellucci, L.; Di Stefano, G. (2007). "Remarks on some Eurasian pliocervines: Characteristics, evolution, and relationships with the tribe Cervini". Geobios. 40 (1): 113–30. Bibcode:2007Geobi..40..113P. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2006.01.002.
van der Made, J.; Morales, J.; Sen, S.; Aslan, F. (2002). "The first camel from the Upper Miocene of Turkey and the dispersal of the camels into the Old World". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 1 (2): 117–22. Bibcode:2002CRPal...1..117V. doi:10.1016/S1631-0683(02)00012-X.
Lister, A. M.; Gonzalez, S.; Kitchener, A. C. (2000). "Survival of the Irish elk into the Holocene". Nature. 405 (6788): 753–4. Bibcode:2000Natur.405..753G. doi:10.1038/35015668. PMID 10866185. S2CID 4417046.
Lister, Adrian M.; Stuart, Anthony J. (1 January 2019). "The extinction of the giant deer Megaloceros giganteus (Blumenbach): New radiocarbon evidence". Quaternary International. SI: Quaternary International 500. 500: 185–203. Bibcode:2019QuInt.500..185L. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2019.03.025. ISSN 1040-6182.
Breda, M.; Marchetti, M. (2005). "Systematical and biochronological review of Plio-Pleistocene Alceini (Cervidae; Mammalia) from Eurasia" (PDF). Quaternary Science Reviews. 24 (5–6): 775–805. Bibcode:2005QSRv...24..775B. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.05.005. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
Christian Pitra; Joerns Fickel; Eric Meijaard; Colin grooves (2004). "Evolution and phylogeny of old world deer". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 33 (3): 880–895. Bibcode:2004MolPE..33..880P. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.07.013. PMID 15522810.
Gilbert, C.; Ropiquet, A.; Hassanin, A. (2006). "Mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies of Cervidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia): Systematics, morphology, and biogeography". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 40 (1): 101–117. Bibcode:2006MolPE..40..101G. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.02.017. PMID 16584894.
Brunson, Katherine; Lander, Brian (2023). "Deer and Humans in the Early Farming Communities of the Yellow River Valley: A Symbiotic Relationship". Human Ecology. 51 (4): 609–625. Bibcode:2023HumEc..51..609B. doi:10.1007/s10745-023-00432-x. S2CID 261164022.

hetnatuurhistorisch.nl

De Vos, J.; Mol, D.; Reumer, J. W. F. (1995). "Early Pleistocene Cervidae (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from the Oosterschelde (the Netherlands), with a revision of the cervid genus Eucladoceros Falconer, 1868" (PDF). Deinsea (2): 95–121. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.

hitra.kommune.no

"Hitra kommune". Hitra kommune. Retrieved 6 November 2023.

hjartdal.kommune.no

"Hjartdal kommune". Hjartdal kommune. Retrieved 6 November 2023.

iment.com

Moore, Clement C. (2 December 1823). "An Account of A Visit from St. Nicholas". Troy Sentinel. p. 2. Retrieved 27 March 2015.

jstor.org

Wislocki, G. B. (1954). "Antlers in female deer, with a report of three cases in Odocoileus". Journal of Mammalogy. 35 (4): 486–95. doi:10.2307/1375571. JSTOR 1375571.
Bowyer, R. T. (1986). "Antler characteristics as related to social status of male southern mule deer". The Southwestern Naturalist. 31 (3): 289–98. Bibcode:1986SWNat..31..289B. doi:10.2307/3671833. JSTOR 3671833.
Case, D.J.; McCullough, D.R. (February 1987). "White-tailed deer forage on alewives". Journal of Mammalogy. 68 (1): 195–198. doi:10.2307/1381075. JSTOR 1381075.
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