Defender (1981 video game) (English Wikipedia)

Bang, Derrick (May–June 1983). "Beating the Classics". Computer Gaming World. p. 43. Retrieved July 28, 2014.
"The Most Popular Atari Program Ever". Softline. March 1983. p. 44. Retrieved July 28, 2014.

dadgum.com

James Hague, ed. (1997). "Eugene Jarvis". Halcyon Days: Interviews with Classic Computer and Video Games Programmers. Dadgum Games. Retrieved December 6, 2009.

freegamemanuals.com

Retro Gamer Staff (September 2008). "Top 25 Arcade Games" (PDF). Retro Gamer. No. 54. Imagine Publishing. p. 68. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 1, 2014.

gamasutra.com

Barton, Matt; Bill Loguidice (July 14, 2009). "The History of Defender: The Joys of Difficult Games". Gamasutra. Archived from the original on July 15, 2009. Retrieved December 6, 2009.
Loguidice, Bill; Matt Barton (August 4, 2009). "The History of Robotron: 2084 - Running Away While Defending Humanoids". Gamasutra. Archived from the original on August 7, 2009. Retrieved October 15, 2009.

gamedeveloper.com

Maragos, Nich (February 17, 2005). "Eugene Jarvis To Receive IGDA Lifetime Achievement Award". Gamasutra. Retrieved May 12, 2009.
Loguidice, Bill (July 13, 2009). "The History of Defender: The Joys of Difficult Games". Game Developer. Retrieved August 24, 2024.

gamespot.com

"The Greatest Games of All Time: Defender". GameSpot. Archived from the original on October 8, 2007.
Tracy, Tim (January 16, 2004). "Midway Arcade Treasures Review". GameSpot. Retrieved August 24, 2024.

gamespy.com

archive.gamespy.com

Cuciz, David (May 2001). "Hall of Fame: Defender". GameSpy. Archived from the original on January 12, 2005. Retrieved December 6, 2009.

ign.com

"Stargate [Defender II]". IGN. Retrieved August 24, 2024.
"Williams Arcades Greatest Hits". IGN. December 12, 2018 [1996-11-26]. Retrieved August 24, 2024.

games.ign.com

"Join Guinness World Records for Four Days of Classic Game Record-Breaking Mayhem" (Press release). Funspot Family Entertainment Center. May 27, 2008. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved October 28, 2009.

uk.ds.ign.com

IGN Staff (July 24, 2007). "Top 10 Tuesday: Game Designers". IGN. Archived from the original on September 28, 2011. Retrieved March 16, 2009.

klov.com

"Defender - Videogame by Williams (1980)". Killer List of Videogames. Retrieved December 6, 2009.

llamasoftarchive.org

"Andes Attack". Llamasoft Baachive.

museumofplay.org

"2025 World Video Game Hall of Fame Inductees Announced". The Strong National Museum of Play. Retrieved May 9, 2025.

next-gen.biz

Edge Staff (March 23, 2008). "The Best 50 Games of the 1980s". Edge. Archived from the original on January 15, 2013. Retrieved December 6, 2009.

onitama.tv

""Donkey Kong" No.1 Of '81 — Game Machine's Survey Of "The Year's Best Three AM Machines" —" (PDF). Game Machine. No. 182. Amusement Press, Inc. February 15, 1982. p. 30. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 31, 2020.

retrocdn.net

"Complete Games Guide" (PDF). Computer and Video Games (Complete Guide to Consoles): 46–77. October 16, 1989. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 5, 2021.
"Top 100 Games of All Time" (PDF). GamesMaster (44): 78. July 1996. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 11, 2021.

robotron2084guidebook.com

"RickSmith". robotron2084guidebook.com. September 4, 2014. Archived from the original on April 13, 2018. Retrieved April 12, 2018.

shmuplations.com

Ishii, Yoji. "Fantasy Zone – 2014 Developer Interview". shmuplations. Retrieved March 15, 2023.

solvalou.com

"Arcade Action". Computer and Video Games. No. 2 (December 1981). November 18, 1981. pp. 30–1.

twingalaxies.com

"Defender High Score Rankings". Twin Galaxies. Archived from the original on February 16, 2008. Retrieved October 26, 2009.
"Scores of Rick Smith". Twin Galaxies Forum. Retrieved April 12, 2018.

ucsc.edu

soe.ucsc.edu

Whitehead, Jim (January 29, 2007). "Game Genres: Shmups" (PDF). University of California, Santa Cruz. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 29, 2011. Retrieved December 6, 2009.

videogamesblogger.com

"Top 25 Hardest Games of All Time". videogamesblogger.com. April 14, 2009. Retrieved March 9, 2014.

web.archive.org

"Coin Machine: Chicago Chatter" (PDF). Cashbox. March 7, 1981. p. 40. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 28, 2020.
Barton, Matt; Bill Loguidice (July 14, 2009). "The History of Defender: The Joys of Difficult Games". Gamasutra. Archived from the original on July 15, 2009. Retrieved December 6, 2009.
Cuciz, David (May 2001). "Hall of Fame: Defender". GameSpy. Archived from the original on January 12, 2005. Retrieved December 6, 2009.
""Donkey Kong" No.1 Of '81 — Game Machine's Survey Of "The Year's Best Three AM Machines" —" (PDF). Game Machine. No. 182. Amusement Press, Inc. February 15, 1982. p. 30. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 31, 2020.
"Complete Games Guide" (PDF). Computer and Video Games (Complete Guide to Consoles): 46–77. October 16, 1989. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 5, 2021.
"Top 100 Games of All Time" (PDF). GamesMaster (44): 78. July 1996. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 11, 2021.
"The Greatest Games of All Time: Defender". GameSpot. Archived from the original on October 8, 2007.
Retro Gamer Staff (September 2008). "Top 25 Arcade Games" (PDF). Retro Gamer. No. 54. Imagine Publishing. p. 68. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 1, 2014.
"Defender High Score Rankings". Twin Galaxies. Archived from the original on February 16, 2008. Retrieved October 26, 2009.
"Join Guinness World Records for Four Days of Classic Game Record-Breaking Mayhem" (Press release). Funspot Family Entertainment Center. May 27, 2008. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved October 28, 2009.
"RickSmith". robotron2084guidebook.com. September 4, 2014. Archived from the original on April 13, 2018. Retrieved April 12, 2018.
Whitehead, Jim (January 29, 2007). "Game Genres: Shmups" (PDF). University of California, Santa Cruz. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 29, 2011. Retrieved December 6, 2009.
Loguidice, Bill; Matt Barton (August 4, 2009). "The History of Robotron: 2084 - Running Away While Defending Humanoids". Gamasutra. Archived from the original on August 7, 2009. Retrieved October 15, 2009.
IGN Staff (July 24, 2007). "Top 10 Tuesday: Game Designers". IGN. Archived from the original on September 28, 2011. Retrieved March 16, 2009.

wikipedia.org

ja.wikipedia.org

""Donkey Kong" No.1 Of '81 — Game Machine's Survey Of "The Year's Best Three AM Machines" —" (PDF). Game Machine. No. 182. Amusement Press, Inc. February 15, 1982. p. 30. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 31, 2020.

worldradiohistory.com

"Coin Machine: Chicago Chatter" (PDF). Cashbox. March 7, 1981. p. 40. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 28, 2020.