Dehumanization (English Wikipedia)

Leyens, Jacques-Philippe; Paladino, Paola M.; Rodriguez-Torres, Ramon; Vaes, Jeroen; Demoulin, Stephanie; Rodriguez-Perez, Armando; Gaunt, Ruth (2000). "The Emotional Side of Prejudice: The Attribution of Secondary Emotions to Ingroups and Outgroups" (PDF). Personality and Social Psychology Review. 4 (2): 186–197. doi:10.1207/S15327957PSPR0402_06. S2CID 144981501. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-06-11.

bbc.com

Galer, Sophia (October 30, 2023). "The harm caused by dehumanising language". www.bbc.com. Retrieved 2024-01-15.

betterblokes.org.nz

"Dehumanization is a mental loophole." Free Peer Support for Male Sexual Abuse Survivors. 2019-03-17. Retrieved 2021-03-25.

books.google.com

Martha C. Nussbaum (4 February 1999). "Objectification: Section - Seven Ways to Treat A Person as a Thing". Sex and Social Justice. Oxford University Press. p. 218. ISBN 978-0-19-535501-7.

cambridge.org

Brophy, Alfred L. (2016). "When More than Property Is Lost: The Dignity Losses and Restoration of the Tulsa Riot of 1921". Law & Social Inquiry. 41 (4): 824–832. doi:10.1111/lsi.12205. ISSN 0897-6546. S2CID 147798196.

cdnresearch.net

Harris, L. T.; Fiske, S. T. (2006). "Dehumanizing the Lowest of the Low: Neuroimaging Responses to Extreme Out-Groups" (PDF). Psychological Science. 17 (10): 847–853. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01793.x. PMID 17100784. S2CID 8466947. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-05-13.

china.org.cn

"Horrors of Bio-war Haunt WWII Japanese Soldier". www.china.org.cn. Retrieved 2024-01-15.

corteidh.or.cr

"StackPath" (PDF). www.corteidh.or.cr. Retrieved 2021-03-25.

diis.dk

"The link between hatred, dehumanization, and violence is more complicated than assumed | DIIS". www.diis.dk. 2 March 2021. Retrieved 14 April 2023.

doi.org

Haslam, Nick (2006). "Dehumanization: An Integrative Review". Personality and Social Psychology Review. 10 (3): 252–264. doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr1003_4. PMID 16859440. S2CID 18142674. Archived from the original on 2020-09-10. Retrieved 2019-06-22 – via Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Haslam, Nick; Loughnan, Steve (3 January 2014). "Dehumanization and Infrahumanization". Annual Review of Psychology. 65 (1): 399–423. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115045. PMID 23808915.
Spens, Christiana (2014-09-01). "The Theatre of Cruelty: Dehumanization, Objectification & Abu Ghraib". Contemporary Voices: St Andrews Journal of International Relations. 5 (3). doi:10.15664/jtr.946. hdl:10023/5611. ISSN 2516-3159.
Haslam, Nick (2006). "Dehumanization: An Integrative Review" (PDF). Personality and Social Psychology Review. 10 (3): 252–264. doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr1003_4. PMID 16859440. S2CID 18142674. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-06-26.
Andrighetto, Luca; Baldissarri, Cristina; Lattanzio, Sara; Loughnan, Steve; Volpato, Chiara (2014). "Human-itarian aid? Two forms of dehumanization and willingness to help after natural disasters". British Journal of Social Psychology. 53 (3): 573–584. doi:10.1111/bjso.12066. hdl:10281/53044. ISSN 2044-8309. PMID 24588786.
Haslam, Nick; Kashima, Yoshihisa; Loughnan, Stephen; Shi, Junqi; Suitner, Caterina (2008). "Subhuman, Inhuman, and Superhuman: Contrasting Humans with Nonhumans in Three Cultures". Social Cognition. 26 (2): 248–258. doi:10.1521/soco.2008.26.2.248.
Leyens, Jacques-Philippe; Paladino, Paola M.; Rodriguez-Torres, Ramon; Vaes, Jeroen; Demoulin, Stephanie; Rodriguez-Perez, Armando; Gaunt, Ruth (2000). "The Emotional Side of Prejudice: The Attribution of Secondary Emotions to Ingroups and Outgroups" (PDF). Personality and Social Psychology Review. 4 (2): 186–197. doi:10.1207/S15327957PSPR0402_06. S2CID 144981501. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-06-11.
Opotow, Susan (1990). "Moral Exclusion and Injustice: An Introduction". Journal of Social Issues. 46 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1990.tb00268.x.
Goof, Phillip; Eberhardt, Jennifer; Williams, Melissa; Jackson, Matthew (2008). "Not yet human: implicit knowledge, historical dehumanization, and contemporary consequences" (PDF). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 94 (2): 292–306. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.94.2.292. PMID 18211178. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 October 2016. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
Smith, David Livingstone; Department of Philosophy, Florida State University (2016). "Paradoxes of Dehumanization". Social Theory and Practice. 42 (2): 416–443. doi:10.5840/soctheorpract201642222. ISSN 0037-802X. Archived from the original on 2020-09-10. Retrieved 2020-09-10.
Fredrickson, Barbara L.; Roberts, Tomi-Ann (1997). "Objectification Theory: Toward Understanding Women's Lived Experiences and Mental Health Risks". Psychology of Women Quarterly. 21 (2): 173–206. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00108.x. S2CID 145272074. Archived from the original on 2020-09-10. Retrieved 2014-11-07.
Gervais, Sarah J.; Vescio, Theresa K.; Förster, Jens; Maass, Anne; Suitner, Caterina (2012). "Seeing women as objects: The sexual body part recognition bias". European Journal of Social Psychology. 42 (6): 743–753. doi:10.1002/ejsp.1890.
Rudman, L. A.; Mescher, K. (2012). "Of Animals and Objects: Men's Implicit Dehumanization of Women and Likelihood of Sexual Aggression" (PDF). Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 38 (6): 734–746. doi:10.1177/0146167212436401. PMID 22374225. S2CID 13701627. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2014-11-07. Retrieved 2014-11-07.
Rai, Tage S.; Valdesolo, Piercarlo; Graham, Jesse (8 August 2017). "Dehumanization increases instrumental violence, but not moral violence". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114 (32): 8511–8516. Bibcode:2017PNAS..114.8511R. doi:10.1073/pnas.1705238114. PMC 5559031. PMID 28739935. S2CID 13654261.
Murrow, Gail B.; Murrow, Richard (13 July 2015). "A hypothetical neurological association between dehumanization and human rights abuses". Journal of Law and the Biosciences. 2 (2): 336–364. doi:10.1093/jlb/lsv015. PMC 5034371. PMID 27774198.
Bandura, Albert (2002). "Selective Moral Disengagement in the Exercise of Moral Agency" (PDF). Journal of Moral Education. 31 (2): 101–119. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.473.2026. doi:10.1080/0305724022014322. S2CID 146449693. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2014-12-20. Retrieved 2014-11-07.
Bandura, Albert; Barbaranelli, Claudio; Caprara, Gian Vittorio; Pastorelli, Concetta (1996). "Mechanisms of moral disengagement in the exercise of moral agency" (PDF). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 71 (2): 364–374. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.458.572. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.71.2.364. S2CID 10248049. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2014-11-07. Retrieved 2014-11-07.
Bandura, Albert; Underwood, Bill; Fromson, Michael E (1975). "Disinhibition of aggression through diffusion of responsibility and dehumanization of victims" (PDF). Journal of Research in Personality. 9 (4): 253–269. doi:10.1016/0092-6566(75)90001-X. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2014-11-07. Retrieved 2014-11-07.
Amodio, David M.; Frith, Chris D. (2006-04-01). "Meeting of minds: the medial frontal cortex and social cognition". Nature Reviews. Neuroscience. 7 (4): 268–277. doi:10.1038/nrn1884. ISSN 1471-003X. PMID 16552413. S2CID 7669363.
Harris, Lasana T.; Fiske, Susan T. (2006-10-01). "Dehumanizing the lowest of the low: neuroimaging responses to extreme out-groups". Psychological Science. 17 (10): 847–853. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01793.x. ISSN 0956-7976. PMID 17100784. S2CID 8466947.
Frith, Chris D.; Frith, Uta (2007-08-21). "Social cognition in humans". Current Biology. 17 (16): R724–732. Bibcode:2007CBio...17.R724F. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.05.068. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 17714666. S2CID 1145094.
Harris, Lasana T.; Fiske, Susan T. (2007-03-01). "Social groups that elicit disgust are differentially processed in mPFC". Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience. 2 (1): 45–51. doi:10.1093/scan/nsl037. ISSN 1749-5024. PMC 2555430. PMID 18985118.
Harris, Lasana T.; McClure, Samuel M.; van den Bos, Wouter; Cohen, Jonathan D.; Fiske, Susan T. (2007-12-01). "Regions of the MPFC differentially tuned to social and nonsocial affective evaluation". Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience. 7 (4): 309–316. doi:10.3758/cabn.7.4.309. ISSN 1530-7026. PMID 18189004.
Capozza, D.; Andrighetto, L.; Di Bernardo, G. A.; Falvo, R. (2011). "Does status affect intergroup perceptions of humanity?". Group Processes & Intergroup Relations. 15 (3): 363–377. doi:10.1177/1368430211426733. S2CID 145639435.
Loughnan, S.; Haslam, N.; Kashima, Y. (2009). "Understanding the Relationship between Attribute-Based and Metaphor-Based Dehumanization". Group Processes & Intergroup Relations. 12 (6): 747–762. doi:10.1177/1368430209347726. S2CID 144232224.
Gruenfeld, Deborah H.; Inesi, M. Ena; Magee, Joe C.; Galinsky, Adam D. (2008). "Power and the objectification of social targets". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 95 (1): 111–127. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.95.1.111. PMID 18605855.
Waytz, Adam; Epley, Nicholas (2012). "Social connection enables dehumanization". Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 48 (1): 70–76. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2011.07.012.
Harris, L. T.; Fiske, S. T. (2006). "Dehumanizing the Lowest of the Low: Neuroimaging Responses to Extreme Out-Groups" (PDF). Psychological Science. 17 (10): 847–853. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01793.x. PMID 17100784. S2CID 8466947. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-05-13.
Harris, L. T.; Fiske, S. T. (2007). "Social groups that elicit disgust are differentially processed in mPFC". Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience. 2 (1): 45–51. doi:10.1093/scan/nsl037. PMC 2555430. PMID 18985118.
Jardina, Ashley; Piston, Spencer (2023). "The Politics of Racist Dehumanization in the United States". Annual Review of Political Science. 26 (1): 369–388. doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-062321-041446. ISSN 1094-2939.
Goff, Phillip Atiba; Eberhardt, Jennifer L.; Williams, Melissa J.; Jackson, Matthew Christian (2008). "Not yet human: Implicit knowledge, historical dehumanization, and contemporary consequences". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 94 (2): 292–306. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.94.2.292. PMID 18211178.
O'Brien, Gerald (2003). "Indigestible Food, Conquering Hordes, and Waste Materials: Metaphors of Immigrants and the Early Immigration Restriction Debate in the United States" (PDF). Metaphor and Symbol. 18 (1): 33–47. doi:10.1207/S15327868MS1801_3. S2CID 143579187. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2014-11-07. Retrieved 2014-11-07.
Goof, Phillip; Eberhardt, Jennifer; Williams, Melissa; Jackson, Matthew (2008). "Not yet human: Implicit knowledge, historical dehumanization, and contemporary consequences" (PDF). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 94 (2): 292–306. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.94.2.292. PMID 18211178. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 October 2016. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
Fasoli, Fabio; Paladino, Maria Paola; Carnaghi, Andrea; Jetten, Jolanda; Bastian, Brock; Bain, Paul G. (2015-01-01). "Not "just words": Exposure to homophobic epithets leads to dehumanizing and physical distancing from gay men" (PDF). European Journal of Social Psychology. 46 (2): 237–248. doi:10.1002/ejsp.2148. hdl:10071/12705. ISSN 1099-0992. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-05-09. Retrieved 2019-12-09.
Mendelsohn, Julia; Tsvetkov, Yulia; Jurafsky, Dan (2020). "A Framework for the Computational Linguistic Analysis of Dehumanization". Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence. 3: 55. doi:10.3389/frai.2020.00055. ISSN 2624-8212. PMC 7861242. PMID 33733172.
Atuahene, Bernadette (2016). "Dignity Takings and Dignity Restoration: Creating a New Theoretical Framework for Understanding Involuntary Property Loss and the Remedies Required". Law & Social Inquiry. 41 (4): 801. doi:10.1111/lsi.12249. ISSN 1747-4469. S2CID 151377162.
Richland, Justin B. (2016). "Dignity as (Self-)Determination: Hopi Sovereignty in the Face of US Dispossessions". Law & Social Inquiry. 41 (4): 921. doi:10.1111/lsi.12191. ISSN 1747-4469. S2CID 148319987.
Brophy, Alfred L. (2016). "When More than Property Is Lost: The Dignity Losses and Restoration of the Tulsa Riot of 1921". Law & Social Inquiry. 41 (4): 824–832. doi:10.1111/lsi.12205. ISSN 0897-6546. S2CID 147798196.
Veraart, Wouter (2016-06-29). "Two Rounds of Postwar Restitution and Dignity Restoration in the Netherlands and in France". Law & Social Inquiry. 41 (4): 956–972. doi:10.1111/lsi.12212. ISSN 1747-4469. S2CID 147735669.
Graham, Stephen (2006). "Cities and the 'War on Terror'". International Journal of Urban and Regional Research. 30 (2): 255–276. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2427.2006.00665.x.
Schulman-Green, Dena (2003). "Coping mechanisms of physicians who routinely work with dying patients". OMEGA: Journal of Death and Dying. 47 (3): 253–264. doi:10.2190/950H-U076-T5JB-X6HN. S2CID 71233667.
Haque, O. S.; Waytz, A. (2012). "Dehumanization in Medicine: Causes, Solutions, and Functions". Perspectives on Psychological Science. 7 (2): 176–186. doi:10.1177/1745691611429706. PMID 26168442. S2CID 1670448.
Waytz, A.; Epley, N.; Cacioppo, J. T. (2010). "Social Cognition Unbound: Insights Into Anthropomorphism and Dehumanization" (PDF). Current Directions in Psychological Science. 19 (1): 58–62. doi:10.1177/0963721409359302. PMC 4020342. PMID 24839358. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2014-11-07.
Bastian, Brock; Jetten, Jolanda; Radke, Helena R.M. (2012). "Cyber-dehumanization: Violent video game play diminishes our humanity". Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 48 (2): 486–491. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2011.10.009. S2CID 51784778.

family-institute.org

"Dehumanizing Language". Family Institute. March 26, 2021. Retrieved 2024-01-15.

files.wordpress.com

historicalunderbelly.files.wordpress.com

Bandura, Albert (2002). "Selective Moral Disengagement in the Exercise of Moral Agency" (PDF). Journal of Moral Education. 31 (2): 101–119. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.473.2026. doi:10.1080/0305724022014322. S2CID 146449693. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2014-12-20. Retrieved 2014-11-07.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Spens, Christiana (2014-09-01). "The Theatre of Cruelty: Dehumanization, Objectification & Abu Ghraib". Contemporary Voices: St Andrews Journal of International Relations. 5 (3). doi:10.15664/jtr.946. hdl:10023/5611. ISSN 2516-3159.
Andrighetto, Luca; Baldissarri, Cristina; Lattanzio, Sara; Loughnan, Steve; Volpato, Chiara (2014). "Human-itarian aid? Two forms of dehumanization and willingness to help after natural disasters". British Journal of Social Psychology. 53 (3): 573–584. doi:10.1111/bjso.12066. hdl:10281/53044. ISSN 2044-8309. PMID 24588786.
Fasoli, Fabio; Paladino, Maria Paola; Carnaghi, Andrea; Jetten, Jolanda; Bastian, Brock; Bain, Paul G. (2015-01-01). "Not "just words": Exposure to homophobic epithets leads to dehumanizing and physical distancing from gay men" (PDF). European Journal of Social Psychology. 46 (2): 237–248. doi:10.1002/ejsp.2148. hdl:10071/12705. ISSN 1099-0992. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-05-09. Retrieved 2019-12-09.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Rai, Tage S.; Valdesolo, Piercarlo; Graham, Jesse (8 August 2017). "Dehumanization increases instrumental violence, but not moral violence". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114 (32): 8511–8516. Bibcode:2017PNAS..114.8511R. doi:10.1073/pnas.1705238114. PMC 5559031. PMID 28739935. S2CID 13654261.
Frith, Chris D.; Frith, Uta (2007-08-21). "Social cognition in humans". Current Biology. 17 (16): R724–732. Bibcode:2007CBio...17.R724F. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.05.068. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 17714666. S2CID 1145094.

nativenewsonline.net

Rickert, Levi (January 16, 2017). "Dr. Martin Luther King Jr: Our Nation was Born in Genocide". Native News Online. Archived from the original on November 26, 2018. Retrieved January 9, 2021.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Haslam, Nick (2006). "Dehumanization: An Integrative Review". Personality and Social Psychology Review. 10 (3): 252–264. doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr1003_4. PMID 16859440. S2CID 18142674. Archived from the original on 2020-09-10. Retrieved 2019-06-22 – via Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Haslam, Nick; Loughnan, Steve (3 January 2014). "Dehumanization and Infrahumanization". Annual Review of Psychology. 65 (1): 399–423. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115045. PMID 23808915.
Haslam, Nick (2006). "Dehumanization: An Integrative Review" (PDF). Personality and Social Psychology Review. 10 (3): 252–264. doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr1003_4. PMID 16859440. S2CID 18142674. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-06-26.
Andrighetto, Luca; Baldissarri, Cristina; Lattanzio, Sara; Loughnan, Steve; Volpato, Chiara (2014). "Human-itarian aid? Two forms of dehumanization and willingness to help after natural disasters". British Journal of Social Psychology. 53 (3): 573–584. doi:10.1111/bjso.12066. hdl:10281/53044. ISSN 2044-8309. PMID 24588786.
Goof, Phillip; Eberhardt, Jennifer; Williams, Melissa; Jackson, Matthew (2008). "Not yet human: implicit knowledge, historical dehumanization, and contemporary consequences" (PDF). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 94 (2): 292–306. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.94.2.292. PMID 18211178. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 October 2016. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
Rudman, L. A.; Mescher, K. (2012). "Of Animals and Objects: Men's Implicit Dehumanization of Women and Likelihood of Sexual Aggression" (PDF). Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 38 (6): 734–746. doi:10.1177/0146167212436401. PMID 22374225. S2CID 13701627. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2014-11-07. Retrieved 2014-11-07.
Rai, Tage S.; Valdesolo, Piercarlo; Graham, Jesse (8 August 2017). "Dehumanization increases instrumental violence, but not moral violence". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114 (32): 8511–8516. Bibcode:2017PNAS..114.8511R. doi:10.1073/pnas.1705238114. PMC 5559031. PMID 28739935. S2CID 13654261.
Murrow, Gail B.; Murrow, Richard (13 July 2015). "A hypothetical neurological association between dehumanization and human rights abuses". Journal of Law and the Biosciences. 2 (2): 336–364. doi:10.1093/jlb/lsv015. PMC 5034371. PMID 27774198.
Amodio, David M.; Frith, Chris D. (2006-04-01). "Meeting of minds: the medial frontal cortex and social cognition". Nature Reviews. Neuroscience. 7 (4): 268–277. doi:10.1038/nrn1884. ISSN 1471-003X. PMID 16552413. S2CID 7669363.
Harris, Lasana T.; Fiske, Susan T. (2006-10-01). "Dehumanizing the lowest of the low: neuroimaging responses to extreme out-groups". Psychological Science. 17 (10): 847–853. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01793.x. ISSN 0956-7976. PMID 17100784. S2CID 8466947.
Frith, Chris D.; Frith, Uta (2007-08-21). "Social cognition in humans". Current Biology. 17 (16): R724–732. Bibcode:2007CBio...17.R724F. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.05.068. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 17714666. S2CID 1145094.
Harris, Lasana T.; Fiske, Susan T. (2007-03-01). "Social groups that elicit disgust are differentially processed in mPFC". Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience. 2 (1): 45–51. doi:10.1093/scan/nsl037. ISSN 1749-5024. PMC 2555430. PMID 18985118.
Harris, Lasana T.; McClure, Samuel M.; van den Bos, Wouter; Cohen, Jonathan D.; Fiske, Susan T. (2007-12-01). "Regions of the MPFC differentially tuned to social and nonsocial affective evaluation". Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience. 7 (4): 309–316. doi:10.3758/cabn.7.4.309. ISSN 1530-7026. PMID 18189004.
Gruenfeld, Deborah H.; Inesi, M. Ena; Magee, Joe C.; Galinsky, Adam D. (2008). "Power and the objectification of social targets". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 95 (1): 111–127. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.95.1.111. PMID 18605855.
Harris, L. T.; Fiske, S. T. (2006). "Dehumanizing the Lowest of the Low: Neuroimaging Responses to Extreme Out-Groups" (PDF). Psychological Science. 17 (10): 847–853. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01793.x. PMID 17100784. S2CID 8466947. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-05-13.
Harris, L. T.; Fiske, S. T. (2007). "Social groups that elicit disgust are differentially processed in mPFC". Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience. 2 (1): 45–51. doi:10.1093/scan/nsl037. PMC 2555430. PMID 18985118.
Goff, Phillip Atiba; Eberhardt, Jennifer L.; Williams, Melissa J.; Jackson, Matthew Christian (2008). "Not yet human: Implicit knowledge, historical dehumanization, and contemporary consequences". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 94 (2): 292–306. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.94.2.292. PMID 18211178.
Goof, Phillip; Eberhardt, Jennifer; Williams, Melissa; Jackson, Matthew (2008). "Not yet human: Implicit knowledge, historical dehumanization, and contemporary consequences" (PDF). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 94 (2): 292–306. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.94.2.292. PMID 18211178. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 October 2016. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
Mendelsohn, Julia; Tsvetkov, Yulia; Jurafsky, Dan (2020). "A Framework for the Computational Linguistic Analysis of Dehumanization". Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence. 3: 55. doi:10.3389/frai.2020.00055. ISSN 2624-8212. PMC 7861242. PMID 33733172.
Haque, O. S.; Waytz, A. (2012). "Dehumanization in Medicine: Causes, Solutions, and Functions". Perspectives on Psychological Science. 7 (2): 176–186. doi:10.1177/1745691611429706. PMID 26168442. S2CID 1670448.
Waytz, A.; Epley, N.; Cacioppo, J. T. (2010). "Social Cognition Unbound: Insights Into Anthropomorphism and Dehumanization" (PDF). Current Directions in Psychological Science. 19 (1): 58–62. doi:10.1177/0963721409359302. PMC 4020342. PMID 24839358. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2014-11-07.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Rai, Tage S.; Valdesolo, Piercarlo; Graham, Jesse (8 August 2017). "Dehumanization increases instrumental violence, but not moral violence". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114 (32): 8511–8516. Bibcode:2017PNAS..114.8511R. doi:10.1073/pnas.1705238114. PMC 5559031. PMID 28739935. S2CID 13654261.
Murrow, Gail B.; Murrow, Richard (13 July 2015). "A hypothetical neurological association between dehumanization and human rights abuses". Journal of Law and the Biosciences. 2 (2): 336–364. doi:10.1093/jlb/lsv015. PMC 5034371. PMID 27774198.
Harris, Lasana T.; Fiske, Susan T. (2007-03-01). "Social groups that elicit disgust are differentially processed in mPFC". Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience. 2 (1): 45–51. doi:10.1093/scan/nsl037. ISSN 1749-5024. PMC 2555430. PMID 18985118.
Harris, L. T.; Fiske, S. T. (2007). "Social groups that elicit disgust are differentially processed in mPFC". Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience. 2 (1): 45–51. doi:10.1093/scan/nsl037. PMC 2555430. PMID 18985118.
Mendelsohn, Julia; Tsvetkov, Yulia; Jurafsky, Dan (2020). "A Framework for the Computational Linguistic Analysis of Dehumanization". Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence. 3: 55. doi:10.3389/frai.2020.00055. ISSN 2624-8212. PMC 7861242. PMID 33733172.
Waytz, A.; Epley, N.; Cacioppo, J. T. (2010). "Social Cognition Unbound: Insights Into Anthropomorphism and Dehumanization" (PDF). Current Directions in Psychological Science. 19 (1): 58–62. doi:10.1177/0963721409359302. PMC 4020342. PMID 24839358. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2014-11-07.

northern.edu

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