Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Democratic legitimacy of the European Union" in English language version.
Among the most difficult challenges has been reconciling the two faces of equality – equality of states versus equality of citizens. In an international organization [. . .] the principle of equality of states would ordinarily prevail. However, the Union is of a different nature, having developed into a fully fledged 'supranational Union', a polity sui generis. But to the extent that such a polity is based upon the will of, and is constituted by, its citizens, democratic principles require that all citizens have equal rights.
The resulting 'democratic deficit' would not be acceptable in a Community committed to democratic principles.
'Democratic deficit' is a term coined in 1979 by the British political scientist . . . David Marquand .
Since David Marquand coined his famous phrase "democratic deficit" to describe the functioning of the European Community, the debate has raged about the extent and content of this deficit.
The extent of the Union's freedom of action has steadily and considerably increased, not least by the Treaty of Lisbon, so that meanwhile in some fields of policy, the European Union has a shape that corresponds to that of a federal state, i.e. is analogous to that of a state. In contrast, the internal decision-making and appointment procedures remain predominantly committed to the pattern of an international organisation, i.e. are analogous to international law; as before, the structure of the European Union essentially follows the principle of the equality of states. [. . .] Due to this structural democratic deficit, which cannot be resolved in a Staatenverbund, further steps of integration that go beyond the status quo may undermine neither the States' political power of action nor the principle of conferral. The peoples of the Member States are the holders of the constituent power. [. . .] The constitutional identity is an inalienable element of the democratic self-determination of a people.
The resulting 'democratic deficit' would not be acceptable in a Community committed to democratic principles.
'Democratic deficit' is a term coined in 1979 by the British political scientist . . . David Marquand .
Since David Marquand coined his famous phrase "democratic deficit" to describe the functioning of the European Community, the debate has raged about the extent and content of this deficit.
In its formal character, the democratic deficit is measured according to the ideal of a formal legitimacy which corresponds to legality understood in the sense that democratic institutions and processes created the law on which they are based and comply with. In its social character, the democratic deficit strives for a social legitimacy that connotes a broad, empirically determined social acceptance of the system.
The democratic deficit is a concept invoked principally in the argument that the European Union and its various bodies suffer from a lack of democracy and seem inaccessible to the ordinary citizen because their method of operating is so complex. The view is that the Community institutional set-up is dominated by an institution combining legislative and government powers (the Council of the European Union) and an institution that lacks democratic legitimacy (the European Commission).
The resulting 'democratic deficit' would not be acceptable in a Community committed to democratic principles.
'Democratic deficit' is a term coined in 1979 by the British political scientist . . . David Marquand .
Since David Marquand coined his famous phrase "democratic deficit" to describe the functioning of the European Community, the debate has raged about the extent and content of this deficit.
The democratic deficit is a concept invoked principally in the argument that the European Union and its various bodies suffer from a lack of democracy and seem inaccessible to the ordinary citizen because their method of operating is so complex. The view is that the Community institutional set-up is dominated by an institution combining legislative and government powers (the Council of the European Union) and an institution that lacks democratic legitimacy (the European Commission).
In its formal character, the democratic deficit is measured according to the ideal of a formal legitimacy which corresponds to legality understood in the sense that democratic institutions and processes created the law on which they are based and comply with. In its social character, the democratic deficit strives for a social legitimacy that connotes a broad, empirically determined social acceptance of the system.
