Demographics of Africa (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Demographics of Africa" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

38web.archive.org

1^st place

14worldcat.org

5^th place

13nih.gov

4^th place

12doi.org

2^nd place

5un.org

97^th place

164^th place

4books.google.com

3^rd place

4cia.gov

89^th place

147^th place

3bbc.co.uk

8^th place

10^th place

3semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

3who.int

195^th place

302^nd place

3unaids.org

5,436^th place

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2worldometers.info

2,099^th place

6,501^st place

2ourworldindata.org

2,263^rd place

1,687^th place

2economist.com

254^th place

236^th place

2worldbank.org

231^st place

332^nd place

2time.com

61^st place

54^th place

1academia.edu

121^st place

142^nd place

1statista.com

776^th place

844^th place

1ggdc.net

9,211^th place

low place

1census.gov

45^th place

41^st place

1pewresearch.org

1,418^th place

966^th place

1newscientist.com

774^th place

716^th place

1brookings.edu

1,634^th place

1,093^rd place

1theguardian.com

12^th place

11^th place

1thelancet.com

2,393^rd place

3,174^th place

1psu.edu

207^th place

136^th place

1umontreal.ca

6,223^rd place

6,135^th place

1eldis.org

low place

1medicusmundi.ch

low place

1desmondtutuhivcentre.org.za

low place

1nytimes.com

7^th place

1ssrn.com

703^rd place

501^st place

1timesonline.co.uk

241^st place

193^rd place

1countrystudies.us

1,194^th place

1,001^st place

1migrationinformation.org

low place

1voanews.com

581^st place

738^th place

1ethnologue.com

339^th place

388^th place

1undp.org

369^th place

616^th place

1businessinsider.com

140^th place

115^th place

1theconversation.com

928^th place

651^st place

1babbel.com

low place

academia.edu

Zinkina J., Korotayev A. Explosive Population Growth in Tropical Africa: Crucial Omission in Development Forecasts (Emerging Risks and Way Out). World Futures 70/2 (2014): 120–139 Archived 23 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine.

babbel.com

Babbel.com; GmbH, Lesson Nine. "How Many People Speak Portuguese, And Where Is It Spoken?". Babbel Magazine. Retrieved 2 September 2023.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

"Africa population tops a billion". BBC. 18 November 2009. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2009."World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision" Archived 22 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine United Nations (Department of Economic and Social Affairs, population division)
"BBC News | Health | Life expectancy in Africa plummets due to Aids". news.bbc.co.uk. Archived from the original on 10 May 2018. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
Q&A: The Berbers Archived 12 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine. BBC News. 12 March 2004.

books.google.com

Luc-Normand Tellier (2009). "Urban world history: an economic and geographical perspective Archived 13 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine". PUQ. p.204. ISBN 2-7605-1588-5
Raimondo Cagiano De Azevedo (1994). "Migration and development co-operation. Archived 13 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine". Council of Europe. p.25. ISBN 92-871-2611-9
Holm, John A. (1989). Pidgins and Creoles: References survey. Cambridge University Press. p. 394. ISBN 978-0-521-35940-5. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
Epstein, Edmund L.; Kole, Robert, eds. (1998). The Language of African Literature. Africa World Press. p. ix. ISBN 978-0-86543-534-6. Retrieved 23 June 2011. Africa is incredibly rich in language—over 3,000 indigenous languages by some counts, and many creoles, pidgins, and lingua francas.

brookings.edu

Eliya Zulu, "How to defuse sub-Saharan Africa’s population bomb" Archived 6 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine, New Scientist, 26 April 2012. Jeffrey Gutman and Nirav Patel, "Urban Africa: Avoiding the perfect storm" Archived 6 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Foresight Africa, 26 January 2018.

businessinsider.com

africa.businessinsider.com

Oluwole, Victor (12 September 2021). "A comprehensive list of all the English-speaking countries in Africa". Business Insider Africa. Retrieved 2 September 2023.

census.gov

"World Population Day: July 11, 2018". United States Census Bureau. 11 July 2018. Archived from the original on 18 July 2019. Retrieved 18 July 2019.

cia.gov

"The World Factbook". 2 March 2023.
"The World Factbook". Archived from the original on 30 March 2021. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
"The World Factbook". Archived from the original on 30 March 2021. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
South Africa: People: Ethnic Groups. Archived 10 January 2021 at the Wayback Machine World Factbook of CIA

countrystudies.us

Portugal – Emigration Archived 29 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Eric Solsten, ed. Portugal: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1993.

desmondtutuhivcentre.org.za

"Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation – Our Work". 16 January 2013. Archived from the original on 16 January 2013. Retrieved 10 May 2018.

doi.org

Bloom, David E.; Canning, David; Fink, Günther; Finlay, Jocelyn E. (1 June 2009). "Fertility, female labor force participation, and the demographic dividend". Journal of Economic Growth. 14 (2): 79–101. doi:10.1007/s10887-009-9039-9. ISSN 1573-7020.
Hanson, Kara; McPake, Barbara (1993). "The Bamako Initiative: where is it going". Health Policy and Planning. 8 (3). Oxford University Press: 267–274. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.878.4969. doi:10.1093/heapol/8.3.247-a.
Ridde, Valéry (2011). "Is the Bamako Initiative Still Relevant for West African Health Systems?" (PDF). International Journal of Health Services. 41 (1). Baywood Publishing Co., Inc.: 175–184. doi:10.2190/HS.41.1.l. PMID 21319728. S2CID 33498576. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 April 2018. Retrieved 16 April 2018 – via Google Scholar.
Knippenberg, R.; Alihonou, E.; Soucat, A.; Oyegbite, K.; Calivis, M.; Hopwood, I.; Niimi, R.; Diallo, M. P.; Conde, M. (June 1997). "Implementation of the Bamako Initiative: strategies in Benin and Guinea". The International Journal of Health Planning and Management. 12 Suppl 1 (S1): S29–47. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1751(199706)12:1+<S29::AID-HPM465>3.0.CO;2-U. ISSN 0749-6753. PMID 10173105.
Dalal, Shona; Beunza, Juan Jose; Volmink, Jimmy; Adebamowo, Clement; Bajunirwe, Francis; Njelekela, Marina; Mozaffarian, Dariush; Fawzi, Wafaie; Willett, Walter (1 August 2011). "Non-communicable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa: what we know now". International Journal of Epidemiology. 40 (4): 885–901. doi:10.1093/ije/dyr050. ISSN 0300-5771. PMID 21527446.
Mbanya, Jean Claude N; Motala, Ayesha A; Sobngwi, Eugene; Assah, Felix K; Enoru, Sostanie T (26 June 2010). "Diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa". The Lancet. 375 (9733): 2254–2266. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60550-8. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 20609971. S2CID 28615389.
Alvarez, Jose Luis; Gil, Ruth; Hernández, Valentín; Gil, Angel (14 December 2009). "Factors associated with maternal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: an ecological study". BMC Public Health. 9: 462. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-462. PMC 2801510. PMID 20003411.
Verguet, Stéphane; Jassat, Waasila; Hedberg, Calle; Tollman, Stephen; Jamison, Dean T.; Hofman, Karen J. (21 February 2012). "Measles control in Sub-Saharan Africa: South Africa as a case study". Vaccine. 30 (9): 1594–1600. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.12.123. ISSN 1873-2518. PMID 22230581.
Hotez, Peter J.; Kamath, Aruna (25 August 2009). "Neglected Tropical Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa: Review of Their Prevalence, Distribution, and Disease Burden". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 3 (8): e412. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000412. PMC 2727001. PMID 19707588.
Mukadi, Ya Diul; Maher, Dermot; Harries, Anthony (26 January 2001). "Tuberculosis case fatality rates in high HIV prevalence populations in sub-Saharan Africa". AIDS. 15 (2): 143–52. doi:10.1097/00002030-200101260-00002. ISSN 0269-9370. PMID 11216921. S2CID 7210410.
Kofi-Tsekpo, Mawuli (2004). "Institutionalization of African traditional medicine in health care systems in Africa". African Journal of Health Sciences. 11 (1–2): i–ii. doi:10.4314/ajhs.v11i1.30772. ISSN 1022-9272. PMID 17298111.
Dunlop, David W. (November 1975). "Alternatives to "modern" health delivery systems in Africa: Public policy issues of traditional health systems". Social Science & Medicine. 9 (11–12): 581–586. doi:10.1016/0037-7856(75)90171-7. ISSN 0037-7856. PMID 817397.

economist.com

"What to do about Africa's dangerous baby boom". The Economist. 22 September 2018. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on 25 September 2018. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
Flight from Angola Archived 23 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine, The Economist , 16 August 1975

eldis.org

"Health Systems Resource Guide: user fees". 28 November 2006. Archived from the original on 28 November 2006. Retrieved 10 May 2018.

ethnologue.com

"Ethnologue report for Nigeria". Ethnologue Languages of the World. Archived from the original on 20 December 2008. Retrieved 10 April 2018.

ggdc.net

Maddison (27 July 2016). "Growth of World Population, GDP and GDP Per Capita before 1820" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 February 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2019.

medicusmundi.ch

"Medicus Mundi Switzerland – Manageable Bamako Initiative schemes". 8 October 2007. Archived from the original on 8 October 2007. Retrieved 10 May 2018.

migrationinformation.org

"China and Africa: Stronger Economic Ties Mean More Migration Archived 29 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine". By Malia Politzer, Migration Information Source. August 2008.

newscientist.com

Eliya Zulu, "How to defuse sub-Saharan Africa’s population bomb" Archived 6 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine, New Scientist, 26 April 2012. Jeffrey Gutman and Nirav Patel, "Urban Africa: Avoiding the perfect storm" Archived 6 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Foresight Africa, 26 January 2018.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Ridde, Valéry (2011). "Is the Bamako Initiative Still Relevant for West African Health Systems?" (PDF). International Journal of Health Services. 41 (1). Baywood Publishing Co., Inc.: 175–184. doi:10.2190/HS.41.1.l. PMID 21319728. S2CID 33498576. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 April 2018. Retrieved 16 April 2018 – via Google Scholar.
Knippenberg, R.; Alihonou, E.; Soucat, A.; Oyegbite, K.; Calivis, M.; Hopwood, I.; Niimi, R.; Diallo, M. P.; Conde, M. (June 1997). "Implementation of the Bamako Initiative: strategies in Benin and Guinea". The International Journal of Health Planning and Management. 12 Suppl 1 (S1): S29–47. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1751(199706)12:1+<S29::AID-HPM465>3.0.CO;2-U. ISSN 0749-6753. PMID 10173105.
Dalal, Shona; Beunza, Juan Jose; Volmink, Jimmy; Adebamowo, Clement; Bajunirwe, Francis; Njelekela, Marina; Mozaffarian, Dariush; Fawzi, Wafaie; Willett, Walter (1 August 2011). "Non-communicable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa: what we know now". International Journal of Epidemiology. 40 (4): 885–901. doi:10.1093/ije/dyr050. ISSN 0300-5771. PMID 21527446.
Mbanya, Jean Claude N; Motala, Ayesha A; Sobngwi, Eugene; Assah, Felix K; Enoru, Sostanie T (26 June 2010). "Diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa". The Lancet. 375 (9733): 2254–2266. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60550-8. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 20609971. S2CID 28615389.
Alvarez, Jose Luis; Gil, Ruth; Hernández, Valentín; Gil, Angel (14 December 2009). "Factors associated with maternal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: an ecological study". BMC Public Health. 9: 462. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-462. PMC 2801510. PMID 20003411.
Verguet, Stéphane; Jassat, Waasila; Hedberg, Calle; Tollman, Stephen; Jamison, Dean T.; Hofman, Karen J. (21 February 2012). "Measles control in Sub-Saharan Africa: South Africa as a case study". Vaccine. 30 (9): 1594–1600. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.12.123. ISSN 1873-2518. PMID 22230581.
Hotez, Peter J.; Kamath, Aruna (25 August 2009). "Neglected Tropical Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa: Review of Their Prevalence, Distribution, and Disease Burden". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 3 (8): e412. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000412. PMC 2727001. PMID 19707588.
Mukadi, Ya Diul; Maher, Dermot; Harries, Anthony (26 January 2001). "Tuberculosis case fatality rates in high HIV prevalence populations in sub-Saharan Africa". AIDS. 15 (2): 143–52. doi:10.1097/00002030-200101260-00002. ISSN 0269-9370. PMID 11216921. S2CID 7210410.
Naicker, Saraladevi; Plange-Rhule, Jacob; Tutt, Roger C.; Eastwood, John B. (2009). "Shortage of healthcare workers in developing countries—Africa". Ethnicity & Disease. 19 (1 Suppl 1): S1–60–4. ISSN 1049-510X. PMID 19484878.
Kofi-Tsekpo, Mawuli (2004). "Institutionalization of African traditional medicine in health care systems in Africa". African Journal of Health Sciences. 11 (1–2): i–ii. doi:10.4314/ajhs.v11i1.30772. ISSN 1022-9272. PMID 17298111.
Dunlop, David W. (November 1975). "Alternatives to "modern" health delivery systems in Africa: Public policy issues of traditional health systems". Social Science & Medicine. 9 (11–12): 581–586. doi:10.1016/0037-7856(75)90171-7. ISSN 0037-7856. PMID 817397.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Alvarez, Jose Luis; Gil, Ruth; Hernández, Valentín; Gil, Angel (14 December 2009). "Factors associated with maternal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: an ecological study". BMC Public Health. 9: 462. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-462. PMC 2801510. PMID 20003411.
Hotez, Peter J.; Kamath, Aruna (25 August 2009). "Neglected Tropical Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa: Review of Their Prevalence, Distribution, and Disease Burden". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 3 (8): e412. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000412. PMC 2727001. PMID 19707588.

nytimes.com

Bonino, Emma (15 September 2004). "A brutal custom : Join forces to banish the mutilation of women". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 15 September 2018. Retrieved 10 May 2018.

ourworldindata.org

"Five key findings from the 2022 UN Population Prospects". Our World in Data. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
"Population & Demography Data Explorer". Our World in Data. Retrieved 22 July 2022.

pewresearch.org

ANTHONY CILLUFFO; NEIL G. RUIZ (17 June 2019). "World's population is projected to nearly stop growing by the end of the century". Pew Research Center.

psu.edu

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Hanson, Kara; McPake, Barbara (1993). "The Bamako Initiative: where is it going". Health Policy and Planning. 8 (3). Oxford University Press: 267–274. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.878.4969. doi:10.1093/heapol/8.3.247-a.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Ridde, Valéry (2011). "Is the Bamako Initiative Still Relevant for West African Health Systems?" (PDF). International Journal of Health Services. 41 (1). Baywood Publishing Co., Inc.: 175–184. doi:10.2190/HS.41.1.l. PMID 21319728. S2CID 33498576. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 April 2018. Retrieved 16 April 2018 – via Google Scholar.
Mbanya, Jean Claude N; Motala, Ayesha A; Sobngwi, Eugene; Assah, Felix K; Enoru, Sostanie T (26 June 2010). "Diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa". The Lancet. 375 (9733): 2254–2266. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60550-8. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 20609971. S2CID 28615389.
Mukadi, Ya Diul; Maher, Dermot; Harries, Anthony (26 January 2001). "Tuberculosis case fatality rates in high HIV prevalence populations in sub-Saharan Africa". AIDS. 15 (2): 143–52. doi:10.1097/00002030-200101260-00002. ISSN 0269-9370. PMID 11216921. S2CID 7210410.

ssrn.com

papers.ssrn.com

Canagarajah, Sudharshan; Ye, Xiao (1 April 2001). "Public Health and Education Spending in Ghana in 1992–98: Issues of Equity and Efficiency". SSRN 632648. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

statista.com

https://www.statista.com/statistics/1225857/fertility-rate-in-africa/

theconversation.com

Stein-Smith, Kathleen (17 March 2022). "Africa and the French language are growing together in global importance". The Conversation. Retrieved 2 September 2023.

theguardian.com

Joseph J Bish, "Population growth in Africa: grasping the scale of the challenge" Archived 30 November 2016 at the Wayback Machine, The Guardian, 11 January 2016. "African fertility has not fallen as expected. Precipitous declines in fertility in Asia and Latin America, from five children per woman in the 1970s to around 2.5 today, led many to believe Africa would follow a similar course. [...] Unfortunately, since the early 1990s, family planning programmes in Africa have not had the same attention [as in other parts of the world], resulting in slow, sometimes negligible, fertility declines. In a handful of countries, previous declines have stalled altogether and are reversing. [...] A few heroic efforts, such as Family Planning 2020, are attempting to stimulate family planning programmes across the continent, and there are some signs of success. Recent figures from Kenya and Zambia show substantial strengthening of contraceptive use among married women. In Kenya, 58% of married women now use modern contraception, and in Zambia this measure has risen from 33% to 45% in the last three years. In both cases, the catalysts for improvements were government commitment and commensurate budget financing. The virtuous circle may not be completely out of reach, but many more African governments must make haste and make substantial investments in contraceptive information and access for their people."

thelancet.com

"Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950-2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019". The Lancet.

time.com

"We Want Our Country" (3 of 10) Archived 23 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Time. 5 November 1965
Jungle Shipwreck Archived 22 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Time. 25 July 1960

timesonline.co.uk

Pygmies struggle to survive in war zone where abuse is routine Archived 25 May 2010 at the Wayback Machine. Times Online. 16 December 2004.

umontreal.ca

medsp.umontreal.ca

Ridde, Valéry (2011). "Is the Bamako Initiative Still Relevant for West African Health Systems?" (PDF). International Journal of Health Services. 41 (1). Baywood Publishing Co., Inc.: 175–184. doi:10.2190/HS.41.1.l. PMID 21319728. S2CID 33498576. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 April 2018. Retrieved 16 April 2018 – via Google Scholar.

un.org

population.un.org

"World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations". population.un.org. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
"United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, World Population Prospects, 2019". Archived from the original on 22 January 2021. Retrieved 31 January 2021.

un.org

"Africa population tops a billion". BBC. 18 November 2009. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2009."World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision" Archived 22 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine United Nations (Department of Economic and Social Affairs, population division)
United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. World Population Prospects 2022. Summary of Results (PDF). New York.

esa.un.org

"World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations". esa.un.org. Archived from the original on 24 January 2018. Retrieved 29 November 2017.

unaids.org

files.unaids.org

UNAIDS. "Global Fact Sheet: World AIDS Day 2012" (PDF). UNAIDS.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 July 2018. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
UN Joint Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) (May 2013). "UNAIDS Special Report Update: How Africa Turned AIDS Around" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 10 May 2018.

unaids.org

"UNAIDS reports more than 7 million people now on HIV treatment across Africa––with nearly 1 million added in the last year—while new HIV infections and deaths from AIDS continue to fall". www.unaids.org. Archived from the original on 7 December 2018. Retrieved 10 May 2018.

undp.org

hdr.undp.org

"Human Development Report 2004". United Nations Development Programme. 1 January 2004. p. 63, Box 3.8. Retrieved 22 March 2023.

voanews.com

www1.voanews.com

"Lebanese Immigrants Boost West African Commerce Archived 24 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine", By Naomi Schwarz, VOANews.com, 10 July 2007

web.archive.org

Zinkina J., Korotayev A. Explosive Population Growth in Tropical Africa: Crucial Omission in Development Forecasts (Emerging Risks and Way Out). World Futures 70/2 (2014): 120–139 Archived 23 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
"World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations". esa.un.org. Archived from the original on 24 January 2018. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
Maddison (27 July 2016). "Growth of World Population, GDP and GDP Per Capita before 1820" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 February 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2019.
"Africa Population (LIVE)". worldometers.info. Archived from the original on 2 September 2020. Retrieved 17 July 2019.
"World Population Day: July 11, 2018". United States Census Bureau. 11 July 2018. Archived from the original on 18 July 2019. Retrieved 18 July 2019.
"United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, World Population Prospects, 2019". Archived from the original on 22 January 2021. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
"What to do about Africa's dangerous baby boom". The Economist. 22 September 2018. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on 25 September 2018. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
"Africa population tops a billion". BBC. 18 November 2009. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2009."World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision" Archived 22 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine United Nations (Department of Economic and Social Affairs, population division)
Eliya Zulu, "How to defuse sub-Saharan Africa’s population bomb" Archived 6 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine, New Scientist, 26 April 2012. Jeffrey Gutman and Nirav Patel, "Urban Africa: Avoiding the perfect storm" Archived 6 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Foresight Africa, 26 January 2018.
Joseph J Bish, "Population growth in Africa: grasping the scale of the challenge" Archived 30 November 2016 at the Wayback Machine, The Guardian, 11 January 2016. "African fertility has not fallen as expected. Precipitous declines in fertility in Asia and Latin America, from five children per woman in the 1970s to around 2.5 today, led many to believe Africa would follow a similar course. [...] Unfortunately, since the early 1990s, family planning programmes in Africa have not had the same attention [as in other parts of the world], resulting in slow, sometimes negligible, fertility declines. In a handful of countries, previous declines have stalled altogether and are reversing. [...] A few heroic efforts, such as Family Planning 2020, are attempting to stimulate family planning programmes across the continent, and there are some signs of success. Recent figures from Kenya and Zambia show substantial strengthening of contraceptive use among married women. In Kenya, 58% of married women now use modern contraception, and in Zambia this measure has risen from 33% to 45% in the last three years. In both cases, the catalysts for improvements were government commitment and commensurate budget financing. The virtuous circle may not be completely out of reach, but many more African governments must make haste and make substantial investments in contraceptive information and access for their people."
Ridde, Valéry (2011). "Is the Bamako Initiative Still Relevant for West African Health Systems?" (PDF). International Journal of Health Services. 41 (1). Baywood Publishing Co., Inc.: 175–184. doi:10.2190/HS.41.1.l. PMID 21319728. S2CID 33498576. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 April 2018. Retrieved 16 April 2018 – via Google Scholar.
"Health Systems Resource Guide: user fees". 28 November 2006. Archived from the original on 28 November 2006. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
"Medicus Mundi Switzerland – Manageable Bamako Initiative schemes". 8 October 2007. Archived from the original on 8 October 2007. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
UNAIDS. "Global Fact Sheet: World AIDS Day 2012" (PDF). UNAIDS.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 July 2018. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
"Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation – Our Work". 16 January 2013. Archived from the original on 16 January 2013. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
"UNAIDS reports more than 7 million people now on HIV treatment across Africa––with nearly 1 million added in the last year—while new HIV infections and deaths from AIDS continue to fall". www.unaids.org. Archived from the original on 7 December 2018. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
UN Joint Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) (May 2013). "UNAIDS Special Report Update: How Africa Turned AIDS Around" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
"Fact sheet about Malaria". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 4 August 2017. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
"Maternal mortality". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 22 April 2018. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
Bonino, Emma (15 September 2004). "A brutal custom : Join forces to banish the mutilation of women". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 15 September 2018. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
"Onchocerciasis (river blindness)". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 22 April 2018. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
"Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)| Data". data.worldbank.org. Archived from the original on 29 June 2016. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
"BBC News | Health | Life expectancy in Africa plummets due to Aids". news.bbc.co.uk. Archived from the original on 10 May 2018. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
Luc-Normand Tellier (2009). "Urban world history: an economic and geographical perspective Archived 13 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine". PUQ. p.204. ISBN 2-7605-1588-5
Pygmies struggle to survive in war zone where abuse is routine Archived 25 May 2010 at the Wayback Machine. Times Online. 16 December 2004.
"The World Factbook". Archived from the original on 30 March 2021. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
"The World Factbook". Archived from the original on 30 March 2021. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
Q&A: The Berbers Archived 12 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine. BBC News. 12 March 2004.
"We Want Our Country" (3 of 10) Archived 23 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Time. 5 November 1965
Raimondo Cagiano De Azevedo (1994). "Migration and development co-operation. Archived 13 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine". Council of Europe. p.25. ISBN 92-871-2611-9
Jungle Shipwreck Archived 22 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Time. 25 July 1960
Flight from Angola Archived 23 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine, The Economist , 16 August 1975
Portugal – Emigration Archived 29 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Eric Solsten, ed. Portugal: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1993.
Holm, John A. (1989). Pidgins and Creoles: References survey. Cambridge University Press. p. 394. ISBN 978-0-521-35940-5. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
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