Demographics of atheism (English Wikipedia)

"The World Fact Book: Religions". World Fact Book. Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
"CIA World Factbook". Retrieved 5 March 2006.
CIA World Factbook (July 2021). "People and Society". Retrieved 23 July 2021.
CIA World Factbook (July 2021). "People and Society". Retrieved 23 July 2021.

consc.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

Bourget, David & Chalmers, David J. (2014). What do philosophers believe? Philosophical Studies 170 (3):465–500. A version of this paper is available at http://consc.net/papers/survey.pdf

creativecommons.org (Global: 1,010^th place; English: 612^th place)

Cohen, Signe (1 April 2019). "Atheism has been part of many Asian traditions for millennia". The Conversation. The Conversation Media Group Ltd. Retrieved 22 December 2024. This article incorporates text by Signe Cohen available under the CC BY 4.0 license.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Zuckerman, Phil (2006). "3 - Atheism: Contemporary Numbers and Patterns". In Martin, Michael (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Atheism. pp. 47–66. doi:10.1017/CCOL0521842700.004. ISBN 9781139001182.
Zuckerman, Phil (2006). "3 - Atheism: Contemporary Numbers and Patterns". In Martin, Michael (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Atheism. p. 61. doi:10.1017/CCOL0521842700.004. ISBN 9781139001182. Between 500 million and 750 million humans currently do not believe in God.
Zuckerman, Phil; Galen, Luke W.; Pasquale, Frank L. (March 2016). "Secularity around the World". Oxford Academic. Oxford University Press. pp. 30–52. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199924950.003.0003. ISBN 978-0-19-992495-0. Retrieved 1 December 2024.
Ellis, Lee; Hoskin, Anthony W.; Dutton, Edward; Nyborg, Helmuth (8 March 2017). "The Future of Secularism: a Biologically Informed Theory Supplemented with Cross-Cultural Evidence". Evolutionary Psychological Science. 3 (3): 224–242. doi:10.1007/s40806-017-0090-z.
Caldwell-Harris, Catherine L. (February 2012). "Understanding atheism/non-belief as an expected individual-differences variable". Religion, Brain & Behavior. 2 (1): 4–23. doi:10.1080/2153599X.2012.668395. S2CID 143599970.
Caldwell-Harris, Catherine L.; Wilson, Angela L.; LoTempio, Elizabeth; Beit-Hallahmi, Benjamin (12 October 2010). "Exploring the atheist personality: well-being, awe, and magical thinking in atheists, Buddhists, and Christians". Mental Health, Religion & Culture. 14 (7): 659–672. doi:10.1080/13674676.2010.509847. S2CID 145010981.
Silver, Christopher F.; Coleman, Thomas J.; Hood, Ralph W.; Holcombe, Jenny M. (13 December 2014). "The six types of nonbelief: a qualitative and quantitative study of type and narrative". Mental Health, Religion & Culture. 17 (10): 990–1001. doi:10.1080/13674676.2014.987743. S2CID 143454283.
Dervic, K; Oquendo, MA; Grunebaum, MF; Ellis, S; Burke, AK; Mann, JJ (December 2004). "Religious affiliation and suicide attempt". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 161 (12): 2303–8. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.629.8080. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.12.2303. PMID 15569904.
Galen, Luke William; Kloet, James D. (13 October 2010). "Mental well-being in the religious and the non-religious: evidence for a curvilinear relationship". Mental Health, Religion & Culture. 14 (7): 673–689. doi:10.1080/13674676.2010.510829. S2CID 145774074.
Weber, Samuel R.; Pargament, Kenneth I.; Kunik, Mark E.; Lomax, James W.; Stanley, Melinda A. (1 October 2011). "Psychological Distress Among Religious Nonbelievers: A Systematic Review". Journal of Religion and Health. 51 (1): 72–86. doi:10.1007/s10943-011-9541-1. PMID 21965058. S2CID 30280009.
Larson, Edward J.; Larry Witham (1998). "Leading scientists still reject God". Nature. 394 (6691): 313–4. Bibcode:1998Natur.394..313L. doi:10.1038/28478. PMID 9690462. S2CID 204998837.

dw.com (Global: 204^th place; English: 353^rd place)

"هشدار نسبت به "رشد خداناباوری و بی‌دینی" در ایران – DW – ۱۳۹۱/۱۱/۱". dw.com (in Persian). Retrieved 2 January 2023.

europa.eu (Global: 68^th place; English: 117^th place)

ec.europa.eu

"Special Eurobarometer: Biotechnology" (PDF). October 2010. p. 381. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 December 2010.
"Discrimination in the EU in 2012" (PDF), Special Eurobarometer, 383, European Union: European Commission, p. 233, 2012, archived from the original (PDF) on 2 December 2012, retrieved 14 August 2013 The question asked was "Do you consider yourself to be...?" With a card showing: Catholic, Orthodox, Protestant, Other Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Sikh, Buddhist, Hindu, Atheist, and Non-believer/Agnostic. Space was given for Other and Don't know. Jewish, Sikh, Buddhist, Hindu did not reach the 1% threshold.
"Discrimination in the EU in 2012" (PDF), Special Eurobarometer, 383, European Union: European Commission, p. 233, 2012, archived from the original (PDF) on 2 December 2012, retrieved 14 August 2013
"Discrimination in the EU in 2012" (PDF), Special Eurobarometer, 393, European Union: European Commission, p. 233, 2012, archived from the original (PDF) on 2 December 2012, retrieved 14 August 2013 The question asked was "Do you consider yourself to be...?" With a card showing: Catholic, Orthodox, Protestant, Other Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Sikh, Buddhist, Hindu, Atheist, and Non-believer/Agnostic. Space was given for Other (SPONTANEOUS) and DK. Jewish, Sikh, Buddhist, Hindu did not reach the 1% threshold.
"Special Eurobarometer: Biotechnology" (PDF). October 2010. p. 383.

gallup-international.bg (Global: low place; English: low place)

Opinion Poll – Whether or not you belong to a religion, do you or do you not believe in the following – God

gallup.com (Global: 2,558^th place; English: 1,868^th place)

"Religion". 8 June 2007.

gamaan.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Iranians' Attitudes toward religion: A 2020 survey report". Archived from the original on 18 September 2020. Retrieved 10 October 2020.

gesis.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

zacat.gesis.org

"Discrimination in the EU in 2015", Special Eurobarometer, 437, European Union: European Commission, 2015, archived from the original on 7 October 2019, retrieved 2 March 2019 – via GESIS
"GESIS: ZACAT". zacat.gesis.org. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 19 February 2021.

globalnews.ca (Global: 985^th place; English: 583^rd place)

"Canadians divided on whether religion does more harm than good: poll". Shaw Media Inc. 12 September 2011. Retrieved 31 December 2011.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Larson, Edward J.; Larry Witham (1998). "Leading scientists still reject God". Nature. 394 (6691): 313–4. Bibcode:1998Natur.394..313L. doi:10.1038/28478. PMID 9690462. S2CID 204998837.

huffingtonpost.com (Global: 109^th place; English: 87^th place)

"Millennials Losing Faith In God: Survey". Huffington Post. 5 June 2012. Retrieved 27 February 2014. reporting on a Pew study:"Section 6: Religion and Social Values | Pew Research Center for the People and the Press". People-press.org. 4 June 2012. Retrieved 27 February 2014.

iheu.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

International Humanist and Ethical Union. "The Fate of Infidels and Apostates under Islam". Iheu.org. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 5 February 2012.

inegi.org.mx (Global: 1,063^rd place; English: 1,806^th place)

"Religion – Mexico Census". Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI). 2020.

instat.gov.al (Global: 6,080^th place; English: 6,595^th place)

"2011 Census-AL" [2011 Census-AL] (PDF) (in Albanian). INSTAT. 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 16 April 2017.

ipsos-na.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"AP/Ipsos Poll: Religious Fervor In U.S. Surpasses Faith In Many Other Highly Industrial Countries". 2005. Archived from the original on 29 April 2013. Retrieved 5 March 2006.

kaparesearch.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Easter, Faith and Religion in Greece". Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 4 June 2021.

mediaset.it (Global: 780^th place; English: 3,684^th place)

tgcom24.mediaset.it

"Italia sempre meno religiosa, in cinque anni credenti diminuiti del 7%". Tgcom24.

monstat.org (Global: 6,205^th place; English: 7,029^th place)

"Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in Montenegro 2011" (PDF). Monstat. pp. 14, 15. Retrieved 12 July 2011. For the purpose of the chart, the categories 'Islam' and 'Muslims' were merged; 'Buddhist' (.02) and Other Religions were merged; 'Atheist' (1.24) and 'Agnostic' (.07) were merged; and 'Adventist' (.14), 'Christians' (.24), 'Jehovah Witness' (.02), and 'Protestants' (.02) were merged under 'Other Christian'.

nature.com (Global: 234^th place; English: 397^th place)

Larson, E. J. & Witham, L., "Scientists are still keeping the faith,", Nature 386, 435–436 (1997).

ncse.com (Global: low place; English: 9,698^th place)

Scott, Eugenie (4 March 2016). "Do Scientists Really Reject God?: New Poll Contradicts Earlier Ones". Reports of the National Center for Science Education. National Center for Science Education.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Dervic, K; Oquendo, MA; Grunebaum, MF; Ellis, S; Burke, AK; Mann, JJ (December 2004). "Religious affiliation and suicide attempt". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 161 (12): 2303–8. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.629.8080. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.12.2303. PMID 15569904.
Weber, Samuel R.; Pargament, Kenneth I.; Kunik, Mark E.; Lomax, James W.; Stanley, Melinda A. (1 October 2011). "Psychological Distress Among Religious Nonbelievers: A Systematic Review". Journal of Religion and Health. 51 (1): 72–86. doi:10.1007/s10943-011-9541-1. PMID 21965058. S2CID 30280009.
Larson, Edward J.; Larry Witham (1998). "Leading scientists still reject God". Nature. 394 (6691): 313–4. Bibcode:1998Natur.394..313L. doi:10.1038/28478. PMID 9690462. S2CID 204998837.

npr.org (Global: 92^nd place; English: 72^nd place)

"New Survey Shows the World's Most and Least Religious Places". NPR. 13 April 2015. Archived from the original on 6 May 2015. Retrieved 29 April 2015.

oldest.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"8 Oldest Religions in the World". 11 November 2017.

pdfdrive.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Cambridge Companion to Atheism – PDF Drive". www.pdfdrive.com.

people-press.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Millennials Losing Faith In God: Survey". Huffington Post. 5 June 2012. Retrieved 27 February 2014. reporting on a Pew study:"Section 6: Religion and Social Values | Pew Research Center for the People and the Press". People-press.org. 4 June 2012. Retrieved 27 February 2014.

peru21.pe (Global: 3,461^st place; English: low place)

"3% of Peru identifies as atheist". 15 April 2017. Retrieved 8 September 2020.

pewforum.org (Global: 926^th place; English: 945^th place)

"The Global Religious Landscape – Religiously Unaffiliated". Pew Research Center. December 2012. Archived from the original on 30 July 2013. Retrieved 7 November 2014.
Pew Forum on Religion; Public Life (18 December 2012). "The Global Religious Landscape". Retrieved 18 December 2012.
"Not All Nonbelievers Call Themselves Atheists | Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project". Pewforum.org. 2 April 2009. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
"No Religion on the Rise: One-in-Five Adults Have No Religious Affiliation". Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life. 9 October 2012. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 19 October 2012.
""Nones" on the Rise". Pew Research Center. 9 October 2012. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
"The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections, 2010–2050". Pew Research Center. 5 April 2012.
"America's Changing Religious Landscape". Pew Research Center. May 2015.
"Religious Belief and National Belonging in Central and Eastern Europe". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 10 May 2017. Retrieved 29 May 2017.

pewresearch.org (Global: 1,418^th place; English: 966^th place)

Fahmy, Conrad Hackett, Marcin Stonawski, Yunping Tong, Stephanie Kramer, Anne Shi and Dalia (9 June 2025). "Religiously Unaffiliated Population Change". Pew Research Center. As of 2020, the majority of people with no religious affiliation live in the Asia-Pacific region, mostly in China. (The Chinese government promotes atheism.. About 78% of all religiously unaffiliated people worldwide reside in the Asia-Pacific region, down from 83% in 2010...China is home to 67% of the world's religiously unaffiliated people{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
"Key Findings From the Global Religious Futures Project". Pew Research Center. 21 December 2022. Retrieved 1 December 2024.
Lipka, Michael; Tevington, Patricia; Starr, Kelsey (7 February 2024). "8 facts about Atheists". Pew Research Center. Archived from the original on 10 May 2024. About three-quarters of U.S. atheists (77%) do not believe in God or a higher power or in a spiritual force of any kind, according to our summer 2023 survey. At the same time, 23% say they do believe in a higher power of some kind, though fewer than 1% of U.S. atheists say they believe in "God as described in the Bible." This shows that not all self-described atheists fit the literal definition of "atheist," which is "a person who does not believe in the existence of a god or any gods," according to Merriam-Webster.
"Not All Nonbelievers Call Themselves Atheists". 2 April 2009.
"America's Changing Religious Landscape Chapter 2: Religious Switching and Intermarriage". 12 May 2015.

psu.edu (Global: 207^th place; English: 136^th place)

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Dervic, K; Oquendo, MA; Grunebaum, MF; Ellis, S; Burke, AK; Mann, JJ (December 2004). "Religious affiliation and suicide attempt". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 161 (12): 2303–8. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.629.8080. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.12.2303. PMID 15569904.

publicaddress.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Religion In New Zealand: International Social Survey Programme" (PDF). Massey University. Retrieved 10 June 2010.

radikal.com.tr (Global: 1,395^th place; English: 5,414^th place)

"Türkiye'de ateist sayısı neden arttı?". Radikal.

redcresearch.ie (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Global Index of Religion and Atheism" (PDF). WIN/Gallup International. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2012. Retrieved 13 January 2015.

religjournal.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Bainbridge, William (2005). "Atheism" (PDF). Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Religion. 1 (Article 2): 1–26.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Caldwell-Harris, Catherine L. (February 2012). "Understanding atheism/non-belief as an expected individual-differences variable". Religion, Brain & Behavior. 2 (1): 4–23. doi:10.1080/2153599X.2012.668395. S2CID 143599970.
Caldwell-Harris, Catherine L.; Wilson, Angela L.; LoTempio, Elizabeth; Beit-Hallahmi, Benjamin (12 October 2010). "Exploring the atheist personality: well-being, awe, and magical thinking in atheists, Buddhists, and Christians". Mental Health, Religion & Culture. 14 (7): 659–672. doi:10.1080/13674676.2010.509847. S2CID 145010981.
Silver, Christopher F.; Coleman, Thomas J.; Hood, Ralph W.; Holcombe, Jenny M. (13 December 2014). "The six types of nonbelief: a qualitative and quantitative study of type and narrative". Mental Health, Religion & Culture. 17 (10): 990–1001. doi:10.1080/13674676.2014.987743. S2CID 143454283.
Galen, Luke William; Kloet, James D. (13 October 2010). "Mental well-being in the religious and the non-religious: evidence for a curvilinear relationship". Mental Health, Religion & Culture. 14 (7): 673–689. doi:10.1080/13674676.2010.510829. S2CID 145774074.
Weber, Samuel R.; Pargament, Kenneth I.; Kunik, Mark E.; Lomax, James W.; Stanley, Melinda A. (1 October 2011). "Psychological Distress Among Religious Nonbelievers: A Systematic Review". Journal of Religion and Health. 51 (1): 72–86. doi:10.1007/s10943-011-9541-1. PMID 21965058. S2CID 30280009.
Larson, Edward J.; Larry Witham (1998). "Leading scientists still reject God". Nature. 394 (6691): 313–4. Bibcode:1998Natur.394..313L. doi:10.1038/28478. PMID 9690462. S2CID 204998837.
Phil Zuckerman; Michael Martin; Steve Bruce; Russell J. Dalton; Paul S. Froese; Ronald F. Inglehart; Charles E. Lachman; Peter M. Nardi (2008). "Atheism: Contemporary Rates and Patterns". S2CID 16480812. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)

sidmennt.is (Global: low place; English: low place)

"GLOBAL INDEX OF RELIGIOSITY AND ATHEISM" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2019. Retrieved 22 March 2020.

statista.com (Global: 776^th place; English: 844^th place)

"Religion in Uruguay". Statista. Retrieved 10 October 2020.

thearda.com (Global: 3,172^nd place; English: 2,472^nd place)

"Atheist World Rankings". ARDA. 19 April 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.

theconversation.com (Global: 928^th place; English: 651^st place)

Cohen, Signe (1 April 2019). "Atheism has been part of many Asian traditions for millennia". The Conversation. The Conversation Media Group Ltd. Retrieved 22 December 2024. This article incorporates text by Signe Cohen available under the CC BY 4.0 license.

time.com (Global: 61^st place; English: 54^th place)

Sanburn, Josh (24 July 2014). "Atheist "Churches" Gain Popularity—Even in the Bible Belt". TIME.

trincoll.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

commons.trincoll.edu

"American Nones: The Profile of the No Religion Population" (PDF). American Religious Identification Survey. 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 April 2015. Retrieved 19 October 2012.

uaar.it (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Sondaggio Doxa su religiosità e ateismo". UAAR. 8 May 2019.

uc.cl (Global: low place; English: low place)

encuestabicentenario.uc.cl

"Encuesta Bicentenario". encuestabicentenario.uc.cl.

upi.com (Global: 290^th place; English: 202^nd place)

"U.S. belief in God down, belief in theory of evolution up". 2013. Retrieved 22 December 2013.

washingtonpost.com (Global: 34^th place; English: 27^th place)

"Map: These are the world's least religious countries – The Washington Post". The Washington Post.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Major Religions of the World Ranked by Number of Adherents". Adherents. Archived from the original on 16 August 2000. Secular/Nonreligious/Agnostic/Atheist: This is a highly disparate group and not a single religion. Although atheists are a small subset of this grouping, this category is not synonymous with atheism. People who specify atheism as their religious preference actually make up less than one-half of one percent of the population in many countries where much large numbers claim no religious preference...In most countries only a tiny number of people (zero to a fraction of 1 percent) will answer "atheism" or "atheist" when asked an open-ended question about what their religious preference... A slightly larger number answer "no" when asked simply if they "believe in God" (omitting wording indicating more nebulous, less anthropomorphic conceptions of divinity)...Estimates for atheism alone (as a primary religious preference) range from 200 to 240 million. But these come primarily from China and former Soviet Union nations (especially Russia).
"81-F77-Aeb-A404-447-C-8-B95-Dd57-Adc11-E98". Archived from the original on 26 February 2022.
"The Global Religious Landscape – Religiously Unaffiliated". Pew Research Center. December 2012. Archived from the original on 30 July 2013. Retrieved 7 November 2014.
"Global Index of Religion and Atheism" (PDF). WIN/Gallup International. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2012. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
"Religiosity and Atheism Index" (PDF). Zurich: WIN/GIA. 27 July 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 October 2013. Retrieved 1 October 2013.
"New Survey Shows the World's Most and Least Religious Places". NPR. 13 April 2015. Archived from the original on 6 May 2015. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
"Religion prevails in the world" (PDF). 14 November 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 November 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2018.
International Humanist and Ethical Union. "The Fate of Infidels and Apostates under Islam". Iheu.org. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 5 February 2012.
"American Nones: The Profile of the No Religion Population" (PDF). American Religious Identification Survey. 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 April 2015. Retrieved 19 October 2012.
"No Religion on the Rise: One-in-Five Adults Have No Religious Affiliation". Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life. 9 October 2012. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 19 October 2012.
"The World Fact Book: Religions". World Fact Book. Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
Lipka, Michael; Tevington, Patricia; Starr, Kelsey (7 February 2024). "8 facts about Atheists". Pew Research Center. Archived from the original on 10 May 2024. About three-quarters of U.S. atheists (77%) do not believe in God or a higher power or in a spiritual force of any kind, according to our summer 2023 survey. At the same time, 23% say they do believe in a higher power of some kind, though fewer than 1% of U.S. atheists say they believe in "God as described in the Bible." This shows that not all self-described atheists fit the literal definition of "atheist," which is "a person who does not believe in the existence of a god or any gods," according to Merriam-Webster.
"Major Religions of the World Ranked by Number of Adherents". Adherents.com. Archived from the original on 16 August 2000. Retrieved 5 March 2006.
"AP/Ipsos Poll: Religious Fervor In U.S. Surpasses Faith In Many Other Highly Industrial Countries". 2005. Archived from the original on 29 April 2013. Retrieved 5 March 2006.
"Losing our religion? Two thirds of people still claim to be religious" (PDF). WIN Gallup International. 13 April 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 April 2015. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
"GLOBAL INDEX OF RELIGIOSITY AND ATHEISM" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2019. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
Creative, Studio X. "Regional Results, End of Year survey, global survey, happiness in America, Happiness in Europe, happiness in the world, expectations 2015, WIN/Gallup International, George Gallup, expectations 2015, outlook 2015, happiness in 2014". www.wingia.com. Archived from the original on 15 November 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
"End of Year 2014 Methodology" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 April 2015. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
"Iranians' Attitudes toward religion: A 2020 survey report". Archived from the original on 18 September 2020. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
"wingia.com End of year survey 2014". Archived from the original on 15 November 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
"Special Eurobarometer: Biotechnology" (PDF). October 2010. p. 381. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 December 2010.
"Discrimination in the EU in 2012" (PDF), Special Eurobarometer, 383, European Union: European Commission, p. 233, 2012, archived from the original (PDF) on 2 December 2012, retrieved 14 August 2013 The question asked was "Do you consider yourself to be...?" With a card showing: Catholic, Orthodox, Protestant, Other Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Sikh, Buddhist, Hindu, Atheist, and Non-believer/Agnostic. Space was given for Other and Don't know. Jewish, Sikh, Buddhist, Hindu did not reach the 1% threshold.
"Discrimination in the EU in 2012" (PDF), Special Eurobarometer, 383, European Union: European Commission, p. 233, 2012, archived from the original (PDF) on 2 December 2012, retrieved 14 August 2013
"Discrimination in the EU in 2012" (PDF), Special Eurobarometer, 393, European Union: European Commission, p. 233, 2012, archived from the original (PDF) on 2 December 2012, retrieved 14 August 2013 The question asked was "Do you consider yourself to be...?" With a card showing: Catholic, Orthodox, Protestant, Other Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Sikh, Buddhist, Hindu, Atheist, and Non-believer/Agnostic. Space was given for Other (SPONTANEOUS) and DK. Jewish, Sikh, Buddhist, Hindu did not reach the 1% threshold.
"Discrimination in the EU in 2015", Special Eurobarometer, 437, European Union: European Commission, 2015, archived from the original on 7 October 2019, retrieved 2 March 2019 – via GESIS
"GESIS: ZACAT". zacat.gesis.org. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
"2011 Census-AL" [2011 Census-AL] (PDF) (in Albanian). INSTAT. 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 16 April 2017.
"Easter, Faith and Religion in Greece". Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 4 June 2021.

wingia.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Religiosity and Atheism Index" (PDF). Zurich: WIN/GIA. 27 July 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 October 2013. Retrieved 1 October 2013.
"Religion prevails in the world" (PDF). 14 November 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 November 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2018.
"Losing our religion? Two thirds of people still claim to be religious" (PDF). WIN Gallup International. 13 April 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 April 2015. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
Creative, Studio X. "Regional Results, End of Year survey, global survey, happiness in America, Happiness in Europe, happiness in the world, expectations 2015, WIN/Gallup International, George Gallup, expectations 2015, outlook 2015, happiness in 2014". www.wingia.com. Archived from the original on 15 November 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
"End of Year 2014 Methodology" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 April 2015. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
"wingia.com End of year survey 2014". Archived from the original on 15 November 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2017.

worldatlas.com (Global: 1,573^rd place; English: 1,326^th place)

"What is the Oldest Religion in the World?". 15 August 2019.

wwrn.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Canadians divided on whether religion does more harm than good: poll – WorldWide Religious News". Wwrn.org. 12 September 2011. Retrieved 6 January 2014.

Demographics of atheism (English Wikipedia)

abc.net.au (Global: 139th place; English: 108th place)

ad.nl (Global: 705th place; English: 1,953rd place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 8th place; English: 10th place)

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

bbc.com (Global: 20th place; English: 30th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

cbsnews.com (Global: 108th place; English: 80th place)

centerforinquiry.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

cia.gov (Global: 89th place; English: 147th place)

consc.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

creativecommons.org (Global: 1,010th place; English: 612th place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

dw.com (Global: 204th place; English: 353rd place)

europa.eu (Global: 68th place; English: 117th place)

ec.europa.eu

gallup-international.bg (Global: low place; English: low place)

gallup.com (Global: 2,558th place; English: 1,868th place)

gamaan.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

gesis.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

zacat.gesis.org

globalnews.ca (Global: 985th place; English: 583rd place)

harvard.edu (Global: 18th place; English: 17th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

huffingtonpost.com (Global: 109th place; English: 87th place)

iheu.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

inegi.org.mx (Global: 1,063rd place; English: 1,806th place)

instat.gov.al (Global: 6,080th place; English: 6,595th place)

ipsos-na.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

kaparesearch.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

mediaset.it (Global: 780th place; English: 3,684th place)

tgcom24.mediaset.it

monstat.org (Global: 6,205th place; English: 7,029th place)

nature.com (Global: 234th place; English: 397th place)

ncse.com (Global: low place; English: 9,698th place)

nih.gov (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

npr.org (Global: 92nd place; English: 72nd place)

oldest.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

pdfdrive.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

people-press.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

peru21.pe (Global: 3,461st place; English: low place)

pewforum.org (Global: 926th place; English: 945th place)

pewresearch.org (Global: 1,418th place; English: 966th place)

psu.edu (Global: 207th place; English: 136th place)

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

publicaddress.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

radikal.com.tr (Global: 1,395th place; English: 5,414th place)

redcresearch.ie (Global: low place; English: low place)

religjournal.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

sidmennt.is (Global: low place; English: low place)

statista.com (Global: 776th place; English: 844th place)

thearda.com (Global: 3,172nd place; English: 2,472nd place)

theconversation.com (Global: 928th place; English: 651st place)

time.com (Global: 61st place; English: 54th place)

trincoll.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

commons.trincoll.edu

uaar.it (Global: low place; English: low place)

uc.cl (Global: low place; English: low place)

encuestabicentenario.uc.cl

upi.com (Global: 290th place; English: 202nd place)

washingtonpost.com (Global: 34th place; English: 27th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

wingia.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

worldatlas.com (Global: 1,573rd place; English: 1,326th place)

wwrn.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

abc.net.au (Global: 139^th place; English: 108^th place)

ad.nl (Global: 705^th place; English: 1,953^rd place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 8^th place; English: 10^th place)

bbc.com (Global: 20^th place; English: 30^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

cbsnews.com (Global: 108^th place; English: 80^th place)

cia.gov (Global: 89^th place; English: 147^th place)

creativecommons.org (Global: 1,010^th place; English: 612^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

dw.com (Global: 204^th place; English: 353^rd place)

europa.eu (Global: 68^th place; English: 117^th place)

gallup.com (Global: 2,558^th place; English: 1,868^th place)

globalnews.ca (Global: 985^th place; English: 583^rd place)

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

huffingtonpost.com (Global: 109^th place; English: 87^th place)

inegi.org.mx (Global: 1,063^rd place; English: 1,806^th place)

instat.gov.al (Global: 6,080^th place; English: 6,595^th place)

mediaset.it (Global: 780^th place; English: 3,684^th place)

monstat.org (Global: 6,205^th place; English: 7,029^th place)

nature.com (Global: 234^th place; English: 397^th place)

ncse.com (Global: low place; English: 9,698^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

npr.org (Global: 92^nd place; English: 72^nd place)

peru21.pe (Global: 3,461^st place; English: low place)

pewforum.org (Global: 926^th place; English: 945^th place)

pewresearch.org (Global: 1,418^th place; English: 966^th place)

psu.edu (Global: 207^th place; English: 136^th place)

radikal.com.tr (Global: 1,395^th place; English: 5,414^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

statista.com (Global: 776^th place; English: 844^th place)

thearda.com (Global: 3,172^nd place; English: 2,472^nd place)

theconversation.com (Global: 928^th place; English: 651^st place)

time.com (Global: 61^st place; English: 54^th place)

upi.com (Global: 290^th place; English: 202^nd place)

washingtonpost.com (Global: 34^th place; English: 27^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldatlas.com (Global: 1,573^rd place; English: 1,326^th place)