Depsang Plains (English Wikipedia)

Bhattacharji, Ladakh (2012), Chapter 15. The Final frontier: Upper Shyok. Bhattacharji, Romesh (2012), Ladakh: Changing, Yet Unchanged, New Delhi: Rupa Publications – via Academia.edu

archive.org

Filippi, The Italian Expedition (1932), p. 308. Filippi, Filippo de (1932), The Italian Expedition to the Himalaya, Karakoram and Eastern Turkestan (1913-1914), London: Edward Arnold & Co. – via archive.org
Younghusband, Francis (1904), The Heart of a Continent, Charles Scribner & Sons, pp. 195–196 – via archive.org
Dainelli, Giotto (1933). Buddhists and Glaciers of Western Tibet. Kegal, Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. p. 217 – via archive.org.
Filippi, The Italian Expedition (1932), p. 311. Filippi, Filippo de (1932), The Italian Expedition to the Himalaya, Karakoram and Eastern Turkestan (1913-1914), London: Edward Arnold & Co. – via archive.org
Filippi, The Italian Expedition (1932), p. 312. Filippi, Filippo de (1932), The Italian Expedition to the Himalaya, Karakoram and Eastern Turkestan (1913-1914), London: Edward Arnold & Co. – via archive.org
Dunmore (1893). The Pamirs - Vol.1. John Murry, London. pp. 191–194 – via archive.org.

bloomberg.com

"China Gained Ground on India During Bloody Summer in Himalayas". Bloomberg News. 1 November 2020.

books.google.com

Mehra, An "agreed" frontier (1992). Mehra, Parshotam (1992), An "agreed" frontier: Ladakh and India's northernmost borders, 1846-1947, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-562758-9
India, Ministry of External Affairs, ed. (1962), Report of the Officials of the Governments of India and the People's Republic of China on the Boundary Question, Government of India Press, Chinese Report, Part 1 (PDF) (Report). pp. 4–5.
The location and terrain features of this traditional customary boundary line are now described as follows in three sectors, western, middle and eastern. ... The portion between Sinkiang and Ladakh for its entire length runs along the Karakoram Mountain range. Its specific location is as follows: From the Karakoram Pass it runs eastwards along the watershed between the tributaries of the Yarkand River on the one hand and the Shyok River on the other to a point approximately 78° 05' E, 35° 33' N, turns southwestwards and runs along a gully to approximately 78° 01' E, 35° 21' N; where it crosses the Chipchap River. It then turns south-east along the mountain ridge and passes through peak 6,845 (approximately 78° 12' E, 34° 57' N) and peak 6,598 (approximately 78° 13' E, 34° 54' N).
Palit, D. K. (1991). War in High Himalaya: The Indian Army in Crisis, 1962. Hurst. pp. 32, 43. ISBN 978-1-85065-103-1.
Kapadia, Into the Untravelled Himalaya (2005), p. 188. Kapadia, Harish (2005), Into the Untravelled Himalaya: Travels, Treks, and Climbs, Indus Publishing, ISBN 978-81-7387-181-8
Sandhu, Shankar & Dwivedi, 1962 from the Other Side of the Hill (2015), pp. 44–46. Sandhu, P. J. S.; Shankar, Vinay; Dwivedi, G. G. (2015), 1962: A View from the Other Side of the Hill, Vij Books India Pvt Ltd, ISBN 978-93-84464-37-0
Fewkes, Jacqueline H. (2008), Trade and Contemporary Society Along the Silk Road: An Ethno-history of Ladakh, Routledge, pp. 140–142, ISBN 978-1-135-97309-4
Karkra, B. K. (23 October 2019). The Police Warriors on The Indo-Chinese Border in Ladakh. Walnut Publication. pp. 14, 87. ISBN 978-81-943486-1-0.
Bora, Nirmala (2004). Ladakh: Society and Economy. Anamika Publishers & Distributors. p. 123. ISBN 978-81-7975-012-4.
Kapur, Teg Bahadur (1987). Ladakh, the Wonderland: A Geographical, Historical, and Sociological Study. Delhi: Mittal Publications. p. 9. ISBN 978-81-7099-011-6.
Hudson, Aksai Chin (1963), pp. 17–18: "As a part of India, it [Aksai Chin] formed an awkward salient projecting between Sinkiang and Tibet; to get rid of this salient must be an objective of Chinese policy whenever opportunity might offer". Hudson, Geoffrey Francis (1963). "The Aksai Chin". Far Eastern Affairs. Chatto & Windus.
Fisher, Rose & Huttenback, Himalayan Battleground (1963), p. 103: 'However, the "Big Map of the People's Republic of China" published in 1956, reverted to the alignment shown on the 1947 Kuomintang map. It is important to note that Chou En-lai, in a letter of December 17, 1959, stated that the 1956 map "correctly shows the traditional boundary between the two countries in this sector."' Fisher, Margaret Welpley; Rose, Leo E.; Huttenback, Robert A. (1963). Himalayan Battleground: Sino-Indian Rivalry in Ladakh. Praeger.
Hoffmann, India and the China Crisis (1990), pp. 76, 93 Hoffmann, Steven A. (1990), India and the China Crisis, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-06537-6
Fisher, Rose & Huttenback, Himalayan Battleground (1963), pp. 7–8: "When questioned on the divergence between the two maps, Chen Yi, the Chinese Foreign Minister, made the demonstrably absurd assertion that the boundaries as marked on both maps were equally valid. There is only one interpretation that could make this statement meaningful: this was an implied threat to produce another map claiming additional Indian territory if New Delhi continued in its stubborn refusal to cede Aksai Chin." Fisher, Margaret Welpley; Rose, Leo E.; Huttenback, Robert A. (1963). Himalayan Battleground: Sino-Indian Rivalry in Ladakh. Praeger.
Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India (2010), p. 266: "Beijing insisted that there was no disparity between its maps of 1956 and 1960, a claim that only served to reinforce Delhi's opinion that the Chinese were untrustworthy. By the summer of 1960 meaningful diplomacy juddered to a halt." Raghavan, S. (27 August 2010). War and Peace in Modern India. Palgrave Macmillan UK. ISBN 978-0-230-24215-9.
van Eekelen, Indian Foreign Policy and the Border Dispute (1967), pp. 101–102: "The Chinese officials maintained ... [the] traditional customary line, reflected in their map, was formed gradually through a long historical process, mainly by the extent up to which each side had exercised administrative jurisdiction;... Without admitting any inconsistency they also argued that the line of actual control differed from the traditional customary line because of British imperialism and the recent pushing forward of India. These factors apparently could not contribute to the continuous process of change." van Eekelen, Willem Frederik (1967). Indian Foreign Policy and the Border Dispute with China. Springer Netherlands. ISBN 978-94-017-6436-0.
Mullik, B. N. (1971), My Years with Nehru: The Chinese Betrayal, Allied Publishers, p. 627
Sandhu, Shankar & Dwivedi, 1962 from the Other Side of the Hill (2015), p. 52. Sandhu, P. J. S.; Shankar, Vinay; Dwivedi, G. G. (2015), 1962: A View from the Other Side of the Hill, Vij Books India Pvt Ltd, ISBN 978-93-84464-37-0
Sandhu, Shankar & Dwivedi, 1962 from the Other Side of the Hill (2015), p. 53. Sandhu, P. J. S.; Shankar, Vinay; Dwivedi, G. G. (2015), 1962: A View from the Other Side of the Hill, Vij Books India Pvt Ltd, ISBN 978-93-84464-37-0
Hoffmann, India and the China Crisis (1990), Map 6: India's Forward Policy, A Chinese View, p. 105 Hoffmann, Steven A. (1990), India and the China Crisis, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-06537-6
Banerjee, Lt Gen Gautam (2019). "7: The Hub of OBOR. Where Five National Boundaries Meet". China's Great Leap Forward-II: The China Pakistan Economic Corridor and Strategic Reshaping of Indian Neighbourhood. Lancer Publishers LLC. pp. 88–. ISBN 978-1-940988-43-6.

business-standard.com

Wildlife Board approves 5 roads in Ladakh, including Daulat Beg Oldie route, Business Standard, 17 October 2024.

claudearpi.net

Chinese Aggression in Maps: Ten maps, with an introduction and explanatory notes, Publications Division, Government of India, 1963 (via claurdearpi.net). Map 2.
ILLUSTRATION DES PROPOSITIONS DE LA CONFERENCE DE COLOMBO - SECTEUR OCCIDENTAL, claudearpi.net, retrieved 7 October 2020.

archieve.claudearpi.net

India, Ministry of External Affairs, ed. (1962), Report of the Officials of the Governments of India and the People's Republic of China on the Boundary Question, Government of India Press, Chinese Report, Part 1 (PDF) (Report). pp. 4–5.
The location and terrain features of this traditional customary boundary line are now described as follows in three sectors, western, middle and eastern. ... The portion between Sinkiang and Ladakh for its entire length runs along the Karakoram Mountain range. Its specific location is as follows: From the Karakoram Pass it runs eastwards along the watershed between the tributaries of the Yarkand River on the one hand and the Shyok River on the other to a point approximately 78° 05' E, 35° 33' N, turns southwestwards and runs along a gully to approximately 78° 01' E, 35° 21' N; where it crosses the Chipchap River. It then turns south-east along the mountain ridge and passes through peak 6,845 (approximately 78° 12' E, 34° 57' N) and peak 6,598 (approximately 78° 13' E, 34° 54' N).

dailypioneer.com

Claude Arpi, We shut our eyes once, let's not do so again, The Pioneer, 23 March 2017. ProQuest 1879722382

doi.org

Even though the map is of very low resolution, it is apparent that the Chip Chap River is shown entirely within Ladakh. Qaratagh-su, a stream that flows down from the Qaratagh Pass and joins the Karakash River is shown as the source of Karakash. Karackattu, The Corrosive Compromise (2020, Figure 1) gives more detailed maps showing Samzungling and Galwan river as part of Ladakh. Karackattu, Joe Thomas (26 May 2020). "The corrosive compromise of the Sino-Indian border management framework: from Doklam to Galwan". Asian Affairs. 51 (3): 590–604. doi:10.1080/03068374.2020.1804726. S2CID 222093756.
de Filippi, Filippo (1915). "Expedition to the Karakoram and Central Asia, 1913-1914". The Geographical Journal. 46 (2): 92: 85–99. doi:10.2307/1780168. ISSN 0016-7398. JSTOR 1780168.
Kumar, Amit; Adhikari, Bhupendra Singh; Rawat, Gopal Singh (26 June 2016). "View of New phytogeographically noteworthy plant records from Uttarakhand, western Himalaya, India | Journal of Threatened Taxa". Journal of Threatened Taxa. 8 (6): 8943–8947. doi:10.11609/jott.2416.8.6.8943-8947. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
Fox, Joseph L.; Nurbu, Chering; Chundawat, Raghunandan S. (26 February 1991). "The Mountain Ungulates of Ladakh, India" (PDF). Biological Conservation. 58 (2). Elsevier: 186. doi:10.1016/0006-3207(91)90118-S – via snowleopardnetwork.org/.
Ahmad, Khursheed; Kumar, Ved P.; Joshi, Bheem Dutt; Raza, Mohamed; Nigam, Parag; Khan, Anzara Anjum; Goyal, Surendra P. (2016). "Genetic diversity of the Tibetan antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii) population of Ladakh, India, its relationship with other populations and conservation implications". BMC Research Notes. 9 (477): 477. doi:10.1186/s13104-016-2271-4. PMC 5073904. PMID 27769305. S2CID 15629934. It is clear that there has been reported migration and exchange of individuals towards the western part in its range, but habitat suitability analysis is needed for a better understanding of the reasons for lack of major exchange of individuals between the westernmost (Depsang Plains close to DBO in northern Ladakh and Aksi Chin near Kunlun range) and other populations.
Ahmad, Khursheed; Bhat, Aijaz Ahmad; Ahmad, Riyaz; Suhail, Intesar (2020). "Wild Mammalian Diversity in Jammu and Kashmir State". Biodiversity of the Himalaya: Jammu and Kashmir State. Topics in Biodiversity and Conservation. Vol. 18. p. 945. doi:10.1007/978-981-32-9174-4_36. ISBN 978-981-32-9173-7. S2CID 213922370. Chiru is a keystone species and world's hardiest mountain ungulates that can survive in temperatures as low as –40C. Most of their distribution range falls above 4,000 m, and in Depsang Plains in northern Ladakh, they can be found as high as 5500 m. [...] The Shahtoosh is banned as chiru are killed for Shahtoosh, from which fine woolen yarn is produced which commands a high price in the market

firstpost.com

Praveen Swami (29 April 2013), "China's Ladakh intrusion: Two maps tell this dangerous story", Firstpost

himalayancamping.com

"Karakoram Photos Part II", Himalayan Camping, retrieved 18 September 2020, Shahi Kangri dominates the Depsang plains

himalayanclub.org

Mason, Major Kenneth (1929). "Indus Floods and Shyok Glaciers". Himalayan Journal. Vol. 01/3.
Sharma, G. K. (1985). "Ascents in Rimo Group of Peaks : Himalayan Journal vol.41/18". www.himalayanclub.org. Retrieved 8 October 2020.

hindustantimes.com

"Khurshid to visit China on May 9, no date for flag meet", Hindustan Times, 25 April 2013, archived from the original on 25 April 2013
Singh, Rahul (8 August 2020), "Indian, Chinese armies hold talks on Ladakh's Depsang plains", Hindustan Times

indianexpress.com

Kaushik, Krishn (17 September 2020), "No ground lost in Depsang but India hasn't accessed large parts for 15 years", The Indian Express, retrieved 18 September 2020
"China puts pre-conditions to pull back, wants India to give up its posts", Indian Express, 24 April 2013, retrieved 15 March 2014
"Ladakh again: India, China in standoff over surveillance structure by PLA", The Indian Express, 13 September 2015

indiatimes.com

timesofindia.indiatimes.com

"Chinese incursion 19km, but 750 sq km at stake for India", The Times of India, 2 May 2013, archived from the original on 3 May 2013, retrieved 15 March 2014
"Depsang Bulge incursion accidental, Chinese military thinktank says", The Times of India, 15 July 2013, archived from the original on 18 July 2013

indiatoday.in

Bhat, Col Vinayak (25 June 2020). "New radar, water pipelines: Satellite images decode Chinese troop movement in Ladakh's Depsang". India Today.
Bhalla, Abhishek (19 September 2020). "Indian Army to use double-humped camels for transportation, patrolling in Ladakh". India Today. Retrieved 1 October 2020.
"LAC tense as China sets up watch tower near Burtse in northern Ladakh", India Today, 13 September 2015

indiatravelogue.com

Muni, Vineeta, "India Travelogue Adventure: Mountaineering, Trekking, Climbing- Across the Himalayas Part 5", www.indiatravelogue.com, retrieved 18 September 2020, We climbed up to Depsang La, 5,475 m from Burtse Gongma, slowly gaining altitude. Burtse is a name of a plant that grows there and can be used for firewood.

intoday.in

indiatoday.intoday.in

"Ladakh incursion: India turns to diplomacy to counter belligerent China amid border stand-off", India Today, 25 April 2013
"Let's shake hands: 20 days on, China withdraws troops from Ladakh", India Today, 5 May 2013, retrieved 15 March 2014

jstor.org

de Filippi, Filippo (1915). "Expedition to the Karakoram and Central Asia, 1913-1914". The Geographical Journal. 46 (2): 92: 85–99. doi:10.2307/1780168. ISSN 0016-7398. JSTOR 1780168.

livemint.com

PTI (2013), "Chinese troops enter 25km into Indian territory", Livemint, retrieved 18 September 2020

news18.com

Praveen Swami, As PLA Seeks to Cut Off Indian Patrol Routes on LAC, ‘Bottleneck’ Emerges as Roadblock in Disengagement, News18, 24 June 2020.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Ahmad, Khursheed; Kumar, Ved P.; Joshi, Bheem Dutt; Raza, Mohamed; Nigam, Parag; Khan, Anzara Anjum; Goyal, Surendra P. (2016). "Genetic diversity of the Tibetan antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii) population of Ladakh, India, its relationship with other populations and conservation implications". BMC Research Notes. 9 (477): 477. doi:10.1186/s13104-016-2271-4. PMC 5073904. PMID 27769305. S2CID 15629934. It is clear that there has been reported migration and exchange of individuals towards the western part in its range, but habitat suitability analysis is needed for a better understanding of the reasons for lack of major exchange of individuals between the westernmost (Depsang Plains close to DBO in northern Ladakh and Aksi Chin near Kunlun range) and other populations.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Ahmad, Khursheed; Kumar, Ved P.; Joshi, Bheem Dutt; Raza, Mohamed; Nigam, Parag; Khan, Anzara Anjum; Goyal, Surendra P. (2016). "Genetic diversity of the Tibetan antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii) population of Ladakh, India, its relationship with other populations and conservation implications". BMC Research Notes. 9 (477): 477. doi:10.1186/s13104-016-2271-4. PMC 5073904. PMID 27769305. S2CID 15629934. It is clear that there has been reported migration and exchange of individuals towards the western part in its range, but habitat suitability analysis is needed for a better understanding of the reasons for lack of major exchange of individuals between the westernmost (Depsang Plains close to DBO in northern Ladakh and Aksi Chin near Kunlun range) and other populations.

outlookindia.com

IANS (27 June 2020), "China has occupied Y junction in Ladakh: Sibal", Outlook India

proquest.com

search.proquest.com

Claude Arpi, We shut our eyes once, let's not do so again, The Pioneer, 23 March 2017. ProQuest 1879722382

schoolnet.org.za

"The Himalayas - Ladakh Himalayas - Glaciers - Biafo and Chong Kumdan". www.schoolnet.org.za. Retrieved 20 September 2020.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Even though the map is of very low resolution, it is apparent that the Chip Chap River is shown entirely within Ladakh. Qaratagh-su, a stream that flows down from the Qaratagh Pass and joins the Karakash River is shown as the source of Karakash. Karackattu, The Corrosive Compromise (2020, Figure 1) gives more detailed maps showing Samzungling and Galwan river as part of Ladakh. Karackattu, Joe Thomas (26 May 2020). "The corrosive compromise of the Sino-Indian border management framework: from Doklam to Galwan". Asian Affairs. 51 (3): 590–604. doi:10.1080/03068374.2020.1804726. S2CID 222093756.
Ahmad, Khursheed; Kumar, Ved P.; Joshi, Bheem Dutt; Raza, Mohamed; Nigam, Parag; Khan, Anzara Anjum; Goyal, Surendra P. (2016). "Genetic diversity of the Tibetan antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii) population of Ladakh, India, its relationship with other populations and conservation implications". BMC Research Notes. 9 (477): 477. doi:10.1186/s13104-016-2271-4. PMC 5073904. PMID 27769305. S2CID 15629934. It is clear that there has been reported migration and exchange of individuals towards the western part in its range, but habitat suitability analysis is needed for a better understanding of the reasons for lack of major exchange of individuals between the westernmost (Depsang Plains close to DBO in northern Ladakh and Aksi Chin near Kunlun range) and other populations.
Ahmad, Khursheed; Bhat, Aijaz Ahmad; Ahmad, Riyaz; Suhail, Intesar (2020). "Wild Mammalian Diversity in Jammu and Kashmir State". Biodiversity of the Himalaya: Jammu and Kashmir State. Topics in Biodiversity and Conservation. Vol. 18. p. 945. doi:10.1007/978-981-32-9174-4_36. ISBN 978-981-32-9173-7. S2CID 213922370. Chiru is a keystone species and world's hardiest mountain ungulates that can survive in temperatures as low as –40C. Most of their distribution range falls above 4,000 m, and in Depsang Plains in northern Ladakh, they can be found as high as 5500 m. [...] The Shahtoosh is banned as chiru are killed for Shahtoosh, from which fine woolen yarn is produced which commands a high price in the market

snowleopardnetwork.org

Fox, Joseph L.; Nurbu, Chering; Chundawat, Raghunandan S. (26 February 1991). "The Mountain Ungulates of Ladakh, India" (PDF). Biological Conservation. 58 (2). Elsevier: 186. doi:10.1016/0006-3207(91)90118-S – via snowleopardnetwork.org/.

telegraphindia.com

Imran Ahmed Siddiqui, Chinese army continues to strengthen position at Ladakh's Depsang Plains, The Telegraph (India), 3 March 2021.

thedialogue.co.in

Kumar, Maj Gen Brajesh (18 September 2020). "Why Depsang Plains Are The New Conflict Point For India & China". The Dialogue. Retrieved 1 October 2020.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

thehindu.com

Manoj Joshi (7 May 2013). "Making sense of the Depsang incursion". The Hindu.
Singh, Vijaita (31 August 2020). "China controls 1,000 sq. km of area in Ladakh, say intelligence inputs". The Hindu. Retrieved 31 August 2020.

theprint.in

Philip, Snehesh Alex (19 September 2020), "Why Depsang Plains, eyed by China, is crucial for India's defence in Ladakh", ThePrint-US, retrieved 19 September 2020
Snehesh Alex Philip, India-China tensions at Depsang, a disengagement sticking point, began much before May, The Print, 8 August 2020.

thequint.com

Khanna, Rohit (29 June 2020), "Arunachal to Ladakh, China Has Intruded: Can India Stay in Denial?", TheQuint

thewire.in

Sushant, Singh (17 September 2020), "What Rajnath Left Out: PLA Blocks Access to 900 Sq Km of Indian Territory in Depsang", The Wire, retrieved 18 September 2020
P. J. S. Sandhu, It Is Time to Accept How Badly India Misread Chinese Intentions in 1962 – and 2020, The Wire, 21 July 2020. "However, there was one exception and that was in the Depsang Plain (southeast of Karakoram Pass) where they seemed to have overstepped their Claim Line and straightened the eastward bulge."

threatenedtaxa.org

Kumar, Amit; Adhikari, Bhupendra Singh; Rawat, Gopal Singh (26 June 2016). "View of New phytogeographically noteworthy plant records from Uttarakhand, western Himalaya, India | Journal of Threatened Taxa". Journal of Threatened Taxa. 8 (6): 8943–8947. doi:10.11609/jott.2416.8.6.8943-8947. Retrieved 8 October 2020.

tribuneindia.com

A skull from Daulat Baig Oldie, The Tribune (Chandigarh), 26 May 2019.

web.archive.org

"Khurshid to visit China on May 9, no date for flag meet", Hindustan Times, 25 April 2013, archived from the original on 25 April 2013
"Chinese incursion 19km, but 750 sq km at stake for India", The Times of India, 2 May 2013, archived from the original on 3 May 2013, retrieved 15 March 2014
"Depsang Bulge incursion accidental, Chinese military thinktank says", The Times of India, 15 July 2013, archived from the original on 18 July 2013

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

de Filippi, Filippo (1915). "Expedition to the Karakoram and Central Asia, 1913-1914". The Geographical Journal. 46 (2): 92: 85–99. doi:10.2307/1780168. ISSN 0016-7398. JSTOR 1780168.

wti.org.in

Sarkar, Prabal; Takpa, Jigmet; Ahmad, Riyaz; Tiwari, Sandeep Kumar; Pendharkar, Anand; Saleem-ul-Haq; Miandad, Javaid; Upadhyay, Ashwini; Kaul, Rahul (2008). Mountain Migrants: Survey of Tibetan Antelope (Pantholops Hodgsonii) and Wild Yak (Bos Grunniens) in Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, India (PDF). Conservation action series. Wildlife Trust of India.