Devonian (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Devonian" in English language version.

Last modified: 12:08:28, 22 September 2026 (UTC)

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Kaufmann, Bernd; Trapp, Endres; Mezger, Klaus (July 2004). "The numerical age of the Upper Frasnian (Upper Devonian) Kellwasser horizons: A new U-Pb zircon date from Steinbruch Schmidt (Kellerwald, Germany)" (PDF). The Journal of Geology. 112 (4): 495–501. Bibcode:2004JG....112..495K. doi:10.1086/42107. eISSN 1537-5269. ISSN 0022-1376. JSTOR 421077. LCCN 25013118. OCLC 1608377. S2CID 129963970. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 February 2024. Retrieved 16 December 2025.
Parry, Stephen F.; Noble, Stephen R.; Crowley, Quentin C.; Wellman, Charles H. (15 June 2011). "A high-precision U–Pb age constraint on the Rhynie Chert Konservat-Lagerstätte: time scale and other implications" (PDF). Journal of the Geological Society. 168 (4). Geological Society of London: 863–872. Bibcode:2011JGSoc.168..863P. doi:10.1144/0016-76492010-043. eISSN 2041-479X. ISSN 0016-7649. LCCN 79641612. OCLC 1934542. S2CID 128679831. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 July 2025. Retrieved 16 December 2025.
Kaiser, Sandra (April 2009). "The Devonian/Carboniferous boundary stratotype section (La Serre, France) revisited". Newsletters on Stratigraphy. 43 (2): 195–205. Bibcode:2009NewSt..43..195K. doi:10.1127/0078-0421/2009/0043-0195.
Haq, Bilal U.; Schutter, Stephen R. (3 October 2008). "A Chronology of Paleozoic Sea-Level Changes". Science. 322 (5898): 64–68. Bibcode:2008Sci...322...64H. doi:10.1126/science.1161648. PMID 18832639.
Elrick, Maya; Berkyová, Stana; Klapper, Gilbert; Sharp, Zachary; Joachimski, Michael M.; Frýda, Jiří (15 May 2009). "Stratigraphic and oxygen isotope evidence for My-scale glaciation driving eustasy in the Early–Middle Devonian greenhouse world". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 276 (1–4): 170–181. Bibcode:2009PPP...276..170E. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.03.008.
Joachimski, M. M.; Breisig, S.; Buggisch, W. F.; Talent, J. A.; Mawson, R.; Gereke, M.; Morrow, J. R.; Day, J.; Weddige, K. (July 2009). "Devonian climate and reef evolution: Insights from oxygen isotopes in apatite". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 284 (3–4): 599–609. Bibcode:2009E&PSL.284..599J. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.05.028.
Nardin, E.; Godderis, Yves; Donnadieu, Yannick; Le Hir, Guillaume; Blakey, R. C.; Puceat, E.; Aretz, M. (May 2011). "Modeling the early Paleozoic long-term climatic trend". Geological Society of America Bulletin. 123 (5–6): 1181–1192. Bibcode:2011GSAB..123.1181N. doi:10.1130/B30364.1.
McClung, Wilson S.; Eriksson, Kenneth A.; Terry Jr., Dennis O.; Cuffey, Clifford A. (October 2013). "Sequence stratigraphic hierarchy of the Upper Devonian Foreknobs Formation, central Appalachian Basin, USA: Evidence for transitional greenhouse to icehouse conditions". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 387: 104–125. Bibcode:2013PPP...387..104M. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.07.020.
Golonka, Jan (March 2020). "Late Devonian paleogeography in the framework of global plate tectonics". Global and Planetary Change. 186 103129. Bibcode:2020GPC...18603129G. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103129.
Hervé, Francisco; Calderón, Mauricio; Fanning, Mark; Pankhurst, Robert; Rapela, Carlos W.; Quezada, Paulo (2018). "The country rocks of Devonian magmatism in the North Patagonian Massif and Chaitenia". Andean Geology. 45 (3): 301–317. Bibcode:2018AndGe..45..301H. doi:10.5027/andgeoV45n3-3117. hdl:11336/81577.
Wang, Z. H.; Becker, R. T.; Aboussalam, Z. S.; Hartenfels, S.; Joachimski, Michael M.; Gong, Y. M. (15 April 2016). "Conodont and carbon isotope stratigraphy near the Frasnian/Famennian (Devonian) boundary at Wulankeshun, Junggar Basin, NW China". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. Ecosystem evolution in deep time: evidence from the rich Palaeozoic fossil records of China. 448: 279–297. Bibcode:2016PPP...448..279W. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.12.029.
Franke, Wolfgang; Cocks, L. Robin M.; Torsvik, Trond H. (2017). "The Palaeozoic Variscan oceans revisited". Gondwana Research. 48: 257–284. Bibcode:2017GondR..48..257F. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2017.03.005.
Corradini, Carlo; Corriga, Maria G.; Pondrelli, Monica; Suttner, Thomas J. (July 2020). "Conodonts across the Silurian/Devonian boundary in the Carnic Alps (Austria and Italy)". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. Global Events impacting COnodont evolution. 549 109097. Bibcode:2020PPP...54909097C. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.02.023. hdl:11368/2965675.
Bose, Rituparna; Schneider, Chris L.; Leighton, Lindsey R.; Polly, P. David (October 2011). "Influence of atrypid morphological shape on Devonian episkeletobiont assemblages from the lower Genshaw formation of the Traverse Group of Michigan: A geometric morphometric approach". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 310 (3–4): 427–441. Bibcode:2011PPP...310..427B. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.08.004.
Zatoń, Michał; Borszcz, Tomasz; Berkowski, Błażej; Rakociński, Michał; Zapalski, Mikołaj K.; Zhuravlev, Andrey V. (15 April 2015). "Paleoecology and sedimentary environment of the Late Devonian coral biostrome from the Central Devonian Field, Russia". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 424: 61–75. Bibcode:2015PPP...424...61Z. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.02.021.
Klug, Christian; Kroeger, Bjoern; Korn, Dieter; Ruecklin, Martin; Schemm-Gregory, Mena; De Baets, Kenneth; Mapes, Royal H. (April 2008). "Ecological change during the early Emsian (Devonian) in the Tafilalt (Morocco), the origin of the Ammonoidea, and the first African pyrgocystid edrioasteroids, machaerids and phyllocarids". Palaeontographica Abteilung A. 283 (4–6): 83–U58. Bibcode:2008PalAA.283...83K. doi:10.1127/pala/283/2008/83.
Klug, Christian; Kröger, Björn; Kiessling, Wolfgang; Mullins, Gary L.; Servais, Thomas; Frýda, Jiří; Korn, Dieter; Turner, Susan (26 October 2010). "The Devonian nekton revolution". Lethaia. 43 (4): 465–477. Bibcode:2010Letha..43..465K. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2009.00206.x.
Whalen, Christopher D.; Briggs, Derek E. G. (18 July 2018). "The Palaeozoic colonization of the water column and the rise of global nekton". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 285 (1883): 1–9. Bibcode:2018RSPSB.28580883W. doi:10.1098/rspb.2018.0883. PMC 6083262. PMID 30051837.
Tyler, Ian M.; Hocking, Roger M.; Haines, Peter W. (March 2012). "Geological evolution of the Kimberley region of Western Australia". Episodes. 35 (1): 298–306. Bibcode:2012Episo..35..298T. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2012/v35i1/029.
Joachimski, M.M.; Breisig, S.; Buggisch, W.; Talent, J.A.; Mawson, R.; Gereke, M.; Morrow, J.R.; Day, J.; Weddige, K. (July 2009). "Devonian climate and reef evolution: Insights from oxygen isotopes in apatite". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 284 (3–4): 599–609. Bibcode:2009E&PSL.284..599J. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.05.028.
Garwood, Russell J.; Dunlop, Jason (July 2014). "The walking dead: Blender as a tool for paleontologists with a case study on extinct arachnids". Journal of Paleontology. 88 (4): 735–746. Bibcode:2014JPal...88..735G. doi:10.1666/13-088.
Hueber, Francis M. (2001). "Rotted wood-alga fungus: The history and life of Prototaxites Dawson 1859". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 116 (1–2): 123–159. Bibcode:2001RPaPa.116..123H. doi:10.1016/s0034-6667(01)00058-6.
Graham, Linda E.; Cook, Martha E.; Hanson, David T.; Pigg, Kathleen B.; Graham, James M. (2010). "Rolled liverwort mats explain major Prototaxites features: Response to commentaries". American Journal of Botany. 97 (7): 1079–1086. Bibcode:2010AmJB...97.1079G. doi:10.3732/ajb.1000172. PMID 21616860.
Taylor, Thomas N.; Taylor, Edith L.; Decombeix, Anne-Laure; Schwendemann, Andrew; Serbet, Rudolph; Escapa, Ignacio; Krings, Michael (2010). "The enigmatic Devonian fossil Prototaxites is not a rolled-up liverwort mat: Comment on the paper by Graham et al.(AJB 97: 268–275)". American Journal of Botany. 97 (7): 1074–1078. Bibcode:2010AmJB...97.1074T. doi:10.3732/ajb.1000047. hdl:11336/97957. PMID 21616859.
Niedźwiedzki (2010). "Tetrapod trackways from the early middle Devonian period of Poland". Nature. 463 (7277): 43–48. Bibcode:2010Natur.463...43N. doi:10.1038/nature08623. PMID 20054388.
Lucas (2015). "Thinopus and a Critical Review of Devonian Tetrapod Footprints". Ichnos. 22 (3–4): 136–154. Bibcode:2015Ichno..22..136L. doi:10.1080/10420940.2015.1063491.
Gonez, Paul; Gerrienne, Philippe (2010). "A new definition and a lectotypification of the genus Cooksonia Lang 1937". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 171 (2): 199–215. Bibcode:2010IJPlS.171..199G. doi:10.1086/648988.
Davies, Neil S.; McMahon, William J.; Berry, Christopher M. (July 2024). "Earth's earliest forest: fossilized trees and vegetation-induced sedimentary structures from the Middle Devonian (Eifelian) Hangman Sandstone Formation, Somerset and Devon, SW England". Journal of the Geological Society. 181 (4) jgs2023-204. Bibcode:2024JGSoc.181..204D. doi:10.1144/jgs2023-204.
Capel, Elliot; Cleal, Christopher J.; Xue, Jinzhuang; Monnet, Claude; Servais, Thomas; Cascales-Miñana, Borja (August 2022). "The Silurian–Devonian terrestrial revolution: Diversity patterns and sampling bias of the vascular plant macrofossil record". Earth-Science Reviews. 231 104085. Bibcode:2022ESRv..23104085C. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104085. hdl:20.500.12210/76731.
Gess, Robert W. (December 2013). "The Earliest Record of Terrestrial Animals in Gondwana: A Scorpion from the Famennian (Late Devonian) Witpoort Formation of South Africa". African Invertebrates. 54 (2): 373–379. Bibcode:2013AfrIn..54..373G. doi:10.5733/afin.054.0206.
Raup, David M.; Sepkoski, J. John (19 March 1982). "Mass Extinctions in the Marine Fossil Record". Science. 215 (4539): 1501–1503. Bibcode:1982Sci...215.1501R. doi:10.1126/science.215.4539.1501. PMID 17788674.
Carmichael, Sarah K.; Waters, Johnny A.; Königshof, Peter; Suttner, Thomas J.; Kido, Erika (December 2019). "Paleogeography and paleoenvironments of the Late Devonian Kellwasser event: A review of its sedimentological and geochemical expression". Global and Planetary Change. 183 102984. Bibcode:2019GPC...18302984C. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.102984.
Lu, Man; Lu, YueHan; Ikejiri, Takehitio; Sun, Dayang; Carroll, Richard; Blair, Elliot H.; Algeo, Thomas J.; Sun, Yongge (May 2021). "Periodic oceanic euxinia and terrestrial fluxes linked to astronomical forcing during the Late Devonian Frasnian–Famennian mass extinction". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 562 116839. Bibcode:2021E&PSL.56216839L. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2021.116839.
Kaiser, Sandra Isabella; Aretz, Markus; Becker, Ralph Thomas (January 2016). "The global Hangenberg Crisis (Devonian–Carboniferous transition): review of a first-order mass extinction". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 423 (1): 387–437. Bibcode:2016GSLSP.423..387K. doi:10.1144/sp423.9.
Rendall, Benjamin E.; Tapanila, Leif (6 January 2020). "Impact Resilience: Ecological Recovery of a Carbonate Factory in the Wake of the Late Devonian Impact Event". PALAIOS. 35 (1): 12–21. Bibcode:2020Palai..35...12R. doi:10.2110/palo.2019.001.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Rudwick, M.S.J. (1985). The great Devonian controversy: The shaping of scientific knowledge among gentlemanly specialists. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0226731025.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

news.bbc.co.uk

Amos, Jonathan. "Fossil tracks record 'oldest land-walkers'". BBC News. Retrieved 24 December 2016.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Page 701 in: Sedgwick, Adam; Murchison, Roderick Impey (1840). "XLIII.—On the Physical Structure of Devonshire, and on the Subdivisions and Geological Relations of its older stratified Deposits, &c". Transactions of the Geological Society of London. 5 (3): 633–703. doi:10.1144/transgslb.5.3.633.
Page 724 in: Lonsdale, William (1840). "XLVI. Notes on the Age of the Limestones of South Devonshire". Transactions of the Geological Society of London. 5 (3): 721–738. doi:10.1144/transgslb.5.3.721.
Benton, M. J. (2005). Vertebrate Palaeontology (3rd ed.). John Wiley. p. 14. ISBN 9781405144490.

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

"Devonian Period". Encyclopedia Britannica. geochronology. Retrieved 15 December 2017.

carlzimmer.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

After a Mass Extinction, Only the Small Survive | Carl Zimmer

dictionary.com (Global: 1,672^nd place; English: 1,248^th place)

"Devonian". Dictionary.com Unabridged (Online). n.d.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Kaufmann, Bernd; Trapp, Endres; Mezger, Klaus (July 2004). "The numerical age of the Upper Frasnian (Upper Devonian) Kellwasser horizons: A new U-Pb zircon date from Steinbruch Schmidt (Kellerwald, Germany)" (PDF). The Journal of Geology. 112 (4): 495–501. Bibcode:2004JG....112..495K. doi:10.1086/42107. eISSN 1537-5269. ISSN 0022-1376. JSTOR 421077. LCCN 25013118. OCLC 1608377. S2CID 129963970. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 February 2024. Retrieved 16 December 2025.
Algeo, Thomas; Scheckler, Stephen E. (29 January 1998). "Terrestrial-marine teleconnections in the Devonian: links between the evolution of land plants, weathering processes, and marine anoxic events". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 353 (1365): 113–130. doi:10.1098/rstb.1998.0195. eISSN 1471-2970. PMC 1692181. S2CID 84656565.
Parry, Stephen F.; Noble, Stephen R.; Crowley, Quentin C.; Wellman, Charles H. (15 June 2011). "A high-precision U–Pb age constraint on the Rhynie Chert Konservat-Lagerstätte: time scale and other implications" (PDF). Journal of the Geological Society. 168 (4). Geological Society of London: 863–872. Bibcode:2011JGSoc.168..863P. doi:10.1144/0016-76492010-043. eISSN 2041-479X. ISSN 0016-7649. LCCN 79641612. OCLC 1934542. S2CID 128679831. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 July 2025. Retrieved 16 December 2025.
Kaiser, Sandra (April 2009). "The Devonian/Carboniferous boundary stratotype section (La Serre, France) revisited". Newsletters on Stratigraphy. 43 (2): 195–205. Bibcode:2009NewSt..43..195K. doi:10.1127/0078-0421/2009/0043-0195.
Paproth, Eva; Feist, Raimund; Flajs, Gerd (December 1991). "Decision on the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary stratotype". Episodes. 14 (4): 331–336. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1991/v14i4/004.
Haq, Bilal U.; Schutter, Stephen R. (3 October 2008). "A Chronology of Paleozoic Sea-Level Changes". Science. 322 (5898): 64–68. Bibcode:2008Sci...322...64H. doi:10.1126/science.1161648. PMID 18832639.
Page 701 in: Sedgwick, Adam; Murchison, Roderick Impey (1840). "XLIII.—On the Physical Structure of Devonshire, and on the Subdivisions and Geological Relations of its older stratified Deposits, &c". Transactions of the Geological Society of London. 5 (3): 633–703. doi:10.1144/transgslb.5.3.633.
Page 724 in: Lonsdale, William (1840). "XLVI. Notes on the Age of the Limestones of South Devonshire". Transactions of the Geological Society of London. 5 (3): 721–738. doi:10.1144/transgslb.5.3.721.
Cohen, K.M.; Finney, S.C.; Gibbard, P.L.; Fan, J.-X. (2013). "The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart". Episodes. 36 (3): 199–204. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2013/v36i3/002.
Clack, Jennifer (13 August 2007). "Devonian climate change, breathing, and the origin of the tetrapod stem group". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 47 (4): 510–523. doi:10.1093/icb/icm055. PMID 21672860. Estimates of oxygen levels during this period suggest that they were unprecedentedly low during the Givetian and Frasnian periods. At the same time, plant diversification was at its most rapid, changing the character of the landscape and contributing, via soils, soluble nutrients, and decaying plant matter, to anoxia in all water systems. The co-occurrence of these global events may explain the evolution of air-breathing adaptations in at least two lobe-finned groups, contributing directly to the rise of the tetrapod stem group.
Elrick, Maya; Berkyová, Stana; Klapper, Gilbert; Sharp, Zachary; Joachimski, Michael M.; Frýda, Jiří (15 May 2009). "Stratigraphic and oxygen isotope evidence for My-scale glaciation driving eustasy in the Early–Middle Devonian greenhouse world". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 276 (1–4): 170–181. Bibcode:2009PPP...276..170E. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.03.008.
Joachimski, M. M.; Breisig, S.; Buggisch, W. F.; Talent, J. A.; Mawson, R.; Gereke, M.; Morrow, J. R.; Day, J.; Weddige, K. (July 2009). "Devonian climate and reef evolution: Insights from oxygen isotopes in apatite". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 284 (3–4): 599–609. Bibcode:2009E&PSL.284..599J. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.05.028.
Nardin, E.; Godderis, Yves; Donnadieu, Yannick; Le Hir, Guillaume; Blakey, R. C.; Puceat, E.; Aretz, M. (May 2011). "Modeling the early Paleozoic long-term climatic trend". Geological Society of America Bulletin. 123 (5–6): 1181–1192. Bibcode:2011GSAB..123.1181N. doi:10.1130/B30364.1.
Rosa, Eduardo L.M.; Isbell, John L. (2021). "Late Paleozoic Glaciation". Encyclopedia of Geology. pp. 534–545. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-102908-4.00063-1. ISBN 978-0-08-102909-1.
McClung, Wilson S.; Eriksson, Kenneth A.; Terry Jr., Dennis O.; Cuffey, Clifford A. (October 2013). "Sequence stratigraphic hierarchy of the Upper Devonian Foreknobs Formation, central Appalachian Basin, USA: Evidence for transitional greenhouse to icehouse conditions". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 387: 104–125. Bibcode:2013PPP...387..104M. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.07.020.
"Devonian". Earth History and Palaeogeography. 2016. pp. 138–158. doi:10.1017/9781316225523.009. ISBN 978-1-316-22552-3.
Golonka, Jan (March 2020). "Late Devonian paleogeography in the framework of global plate tectonics". Global and Planetary Change. 186 103129. Bibcode:2020GPC...18603129G. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103129.
Hervé, Francisco; Calderón, Mauricio; Fanning, Mark; Pankhurst, Robert; Rapela, Carlos W.; Quezada, Paulo (2018). "The country rocks of Devonian magmatism in the North Patagonian Massif and Chaitenia". Andean Geology. 45 (3): 301–317. Bibcode:2018AndGe..45..301H. doi:10.5027/andgeoV45n3-3117. hdl:11336/81577.
Wang, Z. H.; Becker, R. T.; Aboussalam, Z. S.; Hartenfels, S.; Joachimski, Michael M.; Gong, Y. M. (15 April 2016). "Conodont and carbon isotope stratigraphy near the Frasnian/Famennian (Devonian) boundary at Wulankeshun, Junggar Basin, NW China". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. Ecosystem evolution in deep time: evidence from the rich Palaeozoic fossil records of China. 448: 279–297. Bibcode:2016PPP...448..279W. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.12.029.
Franke, Wolfgang; Cocks, L. Robin M.; Torsvik, Trond H. (2017). "The Palaeozoic Variscan oceans revisited". Gondwana Research. 48: 257–284. Bibcode:2017GondR..48..257F. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2017.03.005.
Corradini, Carlo; Corriga, Maria G.; Pondrelli, Monica; Suttner, Thomas J. (July 2020). "Conodonts across the Silurian/Devonian boundary in the Carnic Alps (Austria and Italy)". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. Global Events impacting COnodont evolution. 549 109097. Bibcode:2020PPP...54909097C. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.02.023. hdl:11368/2965675.
Bose, Rituparna; Schneider, Chris L.; Leighton, Lindsey R.; Polly, P. David (October 2011). "Influence of atrypid morphological shape on Devonian episkeletobiont assemblages from the lower Genshaw formation of the Traverse Group of Michigan: A geometric morphometric approach". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 310 (3–4): 427–441. Bibcode:2011PPP...310..427B. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.08.004.
Chen, Zhong-Qiang (2 September 2023). "Devonian–Carboniferous brachiopod zonation in the Tarim Basin, northwest China: implications for biostratigraphy and biogeography". Geological Journal. 39 (3–4): 431–458. doi:10.1002/gj.967.
Zapalski, Mikołaj K.; Baird, Andrew M.; Bridge, Tom; Jakubowicz, Michał; Daniell, James (4 February 2021). "Unusual shallow water Devonian coral community from Queensland and its recent analogues from the inshore Great Barrier Reef". Coral Reefs. 40 (2): 417–431. doi:10.1007/s00338-020-02048-9.
Zatoń, Michał; Borszcz, Tomasz; Berkowski, Błażej; Rakociński, Michał; Zapalski, Mikołaj K.; Zhuravlev, Andrey V. (15 April 2015). "Paleoecology and sedimentary environment of the Late Devonian coral biostrome from the Central Devonian Field, Russia". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 424: 61–75. Bibcode:2015PPP...424...61Z. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.02.021.
Nagel-Myers, Judith (5 August 2021). "An updated look at the taxonomy, stratigraphy, and palaeoecology of the Devonian bivalve genus Ontario Clarke, 1904 (Cardiolidae, Bivalvia)". Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. 102 (3): 541–555. doi:10.1007/s12549-021-00491-2.
Klug, Christian; Kroeger, Bjoern; Korn, Dieter; Ruecklin, Martin; Schemm-Gregory, Mena; De Baets, Kenneth; Mapes, Royal H. (April 2008). "Ecological change during the early Emsian (Devonian) in the Tafilalt (Morocco), the origin of the Ammonoidea, and the first African pyrgocystid edrioasteroids, machaerids and phyllocarids". Palaeontographica Abteilung A. 283 (4–6): 83–U58. Bibcode:2008PalAA.283...83K. doi:10.1127/pala/283/2008/83.
Dalton, Rex (January 2006). "Hooked on fossils". Nature. 439 (7074): 262–263. doi:10.1038/439262a. PMID 16421540.
Klug, Christian; Kröger, Björn; Kiessling, Wolfgang; Mullins, Gary L.; Servais, Thomas; Frýda, Jiří; Korn, Dieter; Turner, Susan (26 October 2010). "The Devonian nekton revolution". Lethaia. 43 (4): 465–477. Bibcode:2010Letha..43..465K. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2009.00206.x.
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Parry, Stephen F.; Noble, Stephen R.; Crowley, Quentin C.; Wellman, Charles H. (15 June 2011). "A high-precision U–Pb age constraint on the Rhynie Chert Konservat-Lagerstätte: time scale and other implications" (PDF). Journal of the Geological Society. 168 (4). Geological Society of London: 863–872. Bibcode:2011JGSoc.168..863P. doi:10.1144/0016-76492010-043. eISSN 2041-479X. ISSN 0016-7649. LCCN 79641612. OCLC 1934542. S2CID 128679831. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 July 2025. Retrieved 16 December 2025.
McGhee, George R. (1996). The Late Devonian mass extinction : the Frasnian/Famennian crisis. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-07504-9. OCLC 33010274.^{[page needed]}

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ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ox.ac.uk (Global: 541st place; English: 356th place)

ora.ox.ac.uk

palaeos.com (Global: 9,365th place; English: low place)

researchgate.net (Global: 96th place; English: 89th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

stratigraphy.org (Global: 2,908th place; English: 4,117th place)

theatlantic.com (Global: 322nd place; English: 198th place)

timesonline.co.uk (Global: 437th place; English: 317th place)

unibe.ch (Global: 2,779th place; English: 4,031st place)

boris.unibe.ch

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

search.worldcat.org

zcu.cz (Global: low place; English: low place)

otik.uk.zcu.cz

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

dictionary.com (Global: 1,672^nd place; English: 1,248^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

eoearth.org (Global: 6,629^th place; English: 6,682^nd place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

loc.gov (Global: 63^rd place; English: 47^th place)

nau.edu (Global: low place; English: 7,237^th place)

nerc.ac.uk (Global: 9,366^th place; English: 5,310^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

ox.ac.uk (Global: 541^st place; English: 356^th place)

palaeos.com (Global: 9,365^th place; English: low place)

researchgate.net (Global: 96^th place; English: 89^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

stratigraphy.org (Global: 2,908^th place; English: 4,117^th place)

theatlantic.com (Global: 322^nd place; English: 198^th place)

timesonline.co.uk (Global: 437^th place; English: 317^th place)

unibe.ch (Global: 2,779^th place; English: 4,031^st place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)