Di Xin (English Wikipedia)

"商紂王の「酒池肉林」の存在確認、偃師で大型人工池発見" [Existence of King Shang Zhou's "pool of wine and forest of meat" confirmed with discovery of large artificial pool at Yanshi] (in Japanese). China News Service. 19 July 2004. Archived from the original on 18 September 2008. Retrieved 23 January 2019.

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Book of Documents, "Book of Zhou – Speech at Mu". quote: 「今商王受惟婦言是用。昏棄厥肆祀弗答，昏棄厥遺王父母弟不迪。乃惟四方之多罪逋逃，是崇是長，是信是使，是以為大夫卿士，俾暴虐于百姓，以奸宄于商邑。」Kern (2017)'s translation: "Now for Shou, the king of Shang, it is indeed the words of his wife that he follows. He blindly discards the sacrifices he should present and fails to respond [to the blessings he has received from the spirits]. He blindly discards his paternal and maternal uncles who are still alive and fails to employ them. Thus, indeed, the vagabonds of the four quarters, loaded with crimes—these he honors, these he exalts, these he trusts, these he enlists, these he takes as high officials and dignitaries, to let them oppress and tyrannize the people and bring villainy and treachery upon the City of Shang."
Shiji "Annals of Yin"
Shiji "Annals of Zhou"
Liu Xiang, Biographies of Exemplary Women "Depraved Favorites – Da Ji (consort) of Zhou of Yin"
Yi Zhou Shu "Shifu"
Zi, Gong. "子張". In Sturgeon, Donald; Legge, James (eds.). 論語 [The Analects] (in Literary Chinese and English). Chinese Text Project. 子貢曰：「紂之不善，不如是之甚也。是以君子惡居下流，天下之惡皆歸焉。」
Luo 罗, Mi 泌. "《卷三十七》". In Sturgeon, Donald (ed.). 路史 [Grand History] (in Literary Chinese). Chinese Text Project. Retrieved 14 April 2026. 大抵书传所记桀纣之事，多出模仿。如世纪等璇台三里，金柱三千，车行酒，骑行炙，酒池糟丘，脯林肉圃，宫中九市，牛饮三千……纣为如是，而谓桀亦如是，是岂其俱然哉？凡桀的罪，就是纣的罪，桀纣不分，这些都是出于模仿。
Ze, Mei. "周書·泰誓上". In Sturgeon, Donald (ed.). 尚書 [Shang Shu]. 東晉 Eastern Jin: Chinese Text Project. 惟天地萬物父母，惟人萬物之靈。但聰明，作元后，元后作民父母。今商王受，弗敬上天，降災下民。沈湎冒色，敢行暴虐，罪人以族，官人以世，惟宮室、台榭、陂池、侈服，以殘害于爾萬姓。焚炙忠良，刳剔孕婦。皇天震怒，命我文考，肅將天威，大勳未集。
Liu, Xiang. "反質". 說苑 [Shuo Yuan] (in Literary Chinese). Chinese Text Project. Retrieved 11 April 2026. 夫奢安可窮哉？紂為鹿臺糟丘，酒池肉林，宮牆文畫，彫琢刻鏤，錦繡被堂，金玉珍瑋，婦女優倡，鐘鼓管絃，流漫不禁，而天下愈竭，故卒身死國亡，為天下戮，非惟錦繡絺紵之用耶？
Sturgeon, Donald. "帝辛". 竹書紀年 (in Literary Chinese). Chinese Text Project. 四年，大蒐于黎。作炮烙之刑。
"Three Character Classic – Chinese Text Project". 湯伐夏，國號商。六百載，至紂亡。

dili360.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

张超俊. "活在历史里的中国犀牛". 中华遗产 2009年第07期. Archived from the original on 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2016-10-01.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Xinsheng, Hu (2023). "The Characteristics of Rituals and Their Imprint on Chinese Culture". Journal of Chinese Humanities. 9 (3): 247–263. doi:10.1163/23521341-12340156. Retrieved 5 February 2026.
Shaughnessy, Edward L (1982). "Recent Approaches to Oracle-Bone Periodization: A Review". Early China. 8: 1–13. doi:10.1017/S0362502800005411.
Koji Mizoguchi and Junko Uchida, “The Anyang Xibeigang Shang royal tombs revisited: a social archaeological approach,” Antiquity 92.363 (2018): 709–723. https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2018.19

escholarship.org (Global: 1,477^th place; English: 863^rd place)

Campbell, Roderick B. 2014. Archaeology of the Chinese Bronze Age: From Erlitou to Anyang. The Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press. 978-1-931745-98-7. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9df4w6kn.

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湖南衛視-商纣王的历史真面目. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2015-08-23.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Pines, Yuri (2008). "To Rebel is Justified? The Image of Zhouxin and the Legitimacy of Rebellion in the Chinese Political Tradition". Oriens Extremus. 47. Harrassowitz Verlag: 1–24. JSTOR 24048044.

princeton.edu (Global: 802^nd place; English: 528^th place)

scholar.princeton.edu

Kern, Martin (2017) "Chapter 8: The "Harangues" (Shi 誓) in the Shangshu" in Origins of Chinese Political Philosophy: Studies in the Composition and Thought of the Shangshu (Classic of Documents). Series: Studies in the History of Chinese Texts, Volume 8. Eds Ker, Martin & Dirk, Meyer. p. 298 of pp. 281–319

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U+7D02

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张超俊. "活在历史里的中国犀牛". 中华遗产 2009年第07期. Archived from the original on 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2016-10-01.
规模宏大的安阳殷墟商代王陵(图). Archived from the original on 2018-10-03. Retrieved 2015-12-08.
"商紂王の「酒池肉林」の存在確認、偃師で大型人工池発見" [Existence of King Shang Zhou's "pool of wine and forest of meat" confirmed with discovery of large artificial pool at Yanshi] (in Japanese). China News Service. 19 July 2004. Archived from the original on 18 September 2008. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
湖南衛視-商纣王的历史真面目. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2015-08-23.

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刘子立。2016。伯邑考故事源流略考——兼论中国早期历史叙事的生成《文史》, 2016年第2期, 23-35页。https://wenku.baidu.com/view/bb2f8d83e65c3b3567ec102de2bd960591c6d958.html

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规模宏大的安阳殷墟商代王陵(图). Archived from the original on 2018-10-03. Retrieved 2015-12-08.

Di Xin (English Wikipedia)

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