Diesel exhaust fluid (English Wikipedia)

"3. Hazard Identification" (PDF). Urea Solution 32,5% Material Safety Sheet. Fertiberia. 21 August 2008. p. 2. 3.1– For Human Health … The product has a low toxicity and it is not considered that it could be harmful to health. … 3.1.5. – Long-term effects: … Urea is a substance that appears in the body as a result of proteins during metabolism, it is eliminated with the urine.

afr.com

Macdonald-Smith, Angela; Evans, Simon (14 December 2021). "AdBlue crisis fires up $2.6b South Australian urea venture". The Australian Financial Review. Retrieved 15 December 2021.

ainonline.com

Epstein, Curt (24 August 2018). "Close Call for Falcon with DEF-contaminated Fuel". AIN Online. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
Thurber, Matt (27 May 2019). "DEF Contamination Downs Two Citations". AIN Online. Retrieved 8 July 2021.

archive.today

"Hino Standardized SCR Unit". Hino Motors. Archived from the original on 5 August 2014. Retrieved 30 July 2014.

bosch-mobility-solutions.com

"Exhaust-gas treatment with double-injection technology". Bosch. Retrieved 8 May 2022.

carsneedcare.com

"Does AdBlue freeze". carsneedcare. May 2023.

cummins.com

"DEF Equipment Delivery & Storage". Cummins Inc. 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

cumminsfiltration.com

"What is DEF?" (PDF). Cummins Filtration. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 March 2021.

discoverdef.com

Panayi, Adam (2017). "Frequently Asked Questions". discoverdef.com. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

doi.org

Kuternowski, Filip; Staszak, Maciej; Staszak, Katarzyna (July 2020). "Modeling of Urea Decomposition in Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) for Systems of Diesel Exhaust Gases Aftertreatment by Finite Volume Method". Catalysts. 10 (7): 749. doi:10.3390/catal10070749.
Koebel, Manfred; Madia, Giuseppe; Elsener, Martin (2002). "Selective catalytic reduction of NO and NO₂ at low temperatures". Catalysis Today. 73 (3–4): 239–247. doi:10.1016/S0920-5861(02)00006-8.

espacenet.com

worldwide.espacenet.com

EP 2551009, Harris, Thomas M.; Ayyappan, Ponnaiyan & Dou, Danan, "Diesel exhaust fluid formulation having a high ammonium content and a low freezing point", published 2013-01-30, assigned to Deere & Co.

eurekalert.org

"Urea tanks on diesel trucks -- that's the law in the United States starting in 2010". EurekAlert operated by AAAS. 10 November 2008. Retrieved 22 July 2020.

eurol.com

"What is the function of AdBlue?". Eurol lubricants. 18 May 2020. Retrieved 16 November 2021.

europa.eu

eur-lex.europa.eu

Regulation (EU) No 692/2008 of 18 July 2008 implementing and amending Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council on type-approval of motor vehicles with respect to emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles (Euro 5 and Euro 6) and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information

familyrvingmag.com

Mark Quasius (1 May 2013). "2010 EPA Emissions Standards And Diesel Exhaust Fluid". FamilyRVing. Retrieved 3 December 2021.

fleetowner.com

Brian Straight (28 May 2008). "DEF infrastructure in good shape". Fleet Owner. Retrieved 3 December 2021.

govictoryblue.com

"The 5 Facts and Fiction of Diesel Exhaust Fluid". Victory Blue - Diesel Exhaust Fluid. 2016. Archived from the original on 29 December 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

h2blu.ca

"How it works". H2Blu. Archived from the original on 21 November 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2012.

hino.com

"The DPR Future" (PDF). Hino Motors. Retrieved 30 July 2014.

hinoscr.com

"Hino Standardized SCR Unit". Hino Motors. Archived from the original on 5 August 2014. Retrieved 30 July 2014.

iso.org

"ISO 22241-4:2019 Diesel engines — NOx reduction agent AUS 32". ISO (International Organization for Standardization). 1 July 2019.

joins.com

koreajoongangdaily.joins.com

"Sales of DEF restricted in amounts, vendors". Korea JoongAng Daily. 11 November 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2023.

jsae.or.jp

"尿素CSRシステム（FLENDS）" [CSR System "FLENDS"]. Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan (in Japanese). Retrieved 28 November 2021.

koreatimes.co.kr

Kyung-min, Lee (9 November 2021). "No immediate end in sight for diesel exhaust fluid shortage in Korea". The Korea Times. ISSN 0712-1733. Archived from the original on 9 November 2021. Retrieved 6 January 2022.

krampitz.de

"Urea – Krampitz storage tanks". 5 October 2016. Archived from the original on 23 July 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2020.

nbaa.org

"NBAA Encourages More DEF Training to Avoid Fuel Contamination". National Business Aviation Association. 17 August 2020. Retrieved 8 July 2021.

primelubeinc.com

"Prime Lubes Inc".

reuters.com

Cha, Sangmi; Yang, Heekyong (9 October 2021). "Urea shortage threatens South Korea's transport, energy industries". Reuters. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
Yang, Heekyong (11 October 2021). "S.Korea rations urea amid shortage, drivers panic buy". Reuters. Retrieved 17 November 2021.

rix.co.uk

"AdBlue What diesel vehicle owners need to know". www.rix.co.uk. Retrieved 20 November 2019.

web.archive.org

"What is DEF?" (PDF). Cummins Filtration. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 March 2021.
"How it works". H2Blu. Archived from the original on 21 November 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2012.
"The 5 Facts and Fiction of Diesel Exhaust Fluid". Victory Blue - Diesel Exhaust Fluid. 2016. Archived from the original on 29 December 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
"Urea – Krampitz storage tanks". 5 October 2016. Archived from the original on 23 July 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
Kyung-min, Lee (9 November 2021). "No immediate end in sight for diesel exhaust fluid shortage in Korea". The Korea Times. ISSN 0712-1733. Archived from the original on 9 November 2021. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
Sparkes, David (3 December 2021). "Diesel crisis threatens to grind Australia to a halt, transport industry warns". ABC News. Archived from the original on 3 January 2022. Retrieved 6 January 2022.

worldcat.org

Kyung-min, Lee (9 November 2021). "No immediate end in sight for diesel exhaust fluid shortage in Korea". The Korea Times. ISSN 0712-1733. Archived from the original on 9 November 2021. Retrieved 6 January 2022.