Digit ratio (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Digit ratio" in English language version.

Last modified: 00:06:32, 9 October 2026 (UTC)

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166111nih.gov

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adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

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Manning JT, Barley L, Walton J, Lewis-Jones DI, Trivers RL, Singh D, et al. (May 2000). "The 2nd:4th digit ratio, sexual dimorphism, population differences, and reproductive success. evidence for sexually antagonistic genes?". Evolution and Human Behavior. 21 (3): 163–183. Bibcode:2000EHumB..21..163M. doi:10.1016/S1090-5138(00)00029-5. PMID 10828555.
Kowal M, Sorokowski P, Żelaźniewicz A, Nowak J, Orzechowski S, Żurek G, et al. (June 2020). "No relationship between the digit ratios (2D:4D) and salivary testosterone change: Study on men under an acute exercise". Scientific Reports. 10 (1) 10068. Bibcode:2020NatSR..1010068K. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-66915-9. PMC 7308391. PMID 32572079.
Brown WM, Hines M, Fane BA, Breedlove SM (December 2002). "Masculinized finger length patterns in human males and females with congenital adrenal hyperplasia". Hormones and Behavior. 42 (4): 380–386. Bibcode:2002HoBeh..42..380B. doi:10.1006/hbeh.2002.1830. PMID 12488105. S2CID 8886238.
Garn SM, Burdi AR, Babler WJ, Stinson S (November 1975). "Early prenatal attainment of adult metacarpal-phalangeal rankings and proportions". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 43 (3): 327–332. Bibcode:1975AJPA...43..327G. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330430305. hdl:2027.42/37557. PMID 1211429.
Manning JT, Bundred PE, Newton DJ, Flanagan BF (2003). "The second to fourth digit ratio and variation in the androgen receptor gene". Evolution and Human Behavior. 24 (6): 399–405. Bibcode:2003EHumB..24..399M. doi:10.1016/S1090-5138(03)00052-7.
Hampson E, Sankar JS (2012). "Re-examining the Manning hypothesis: androgen receptor polymorphism and the 2D:4D ratio". Evol Hum Behav. 33 (5): 557–561. Bibcode:2012EHumB..33..557H. doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2012.02.003.
Williams TJ, Pepitone ME, Christensen SE, Cooke BM, Huberman AD, Breedlove NJ, et al. (March 2000). "Finger-length ratios and sexual orientation". Nature. 404 (6777): 455–456. Bibcode:2000Natur.404..455W. doi:10.1038/35006555. PMID 10761903. S2CID 205005405.
Hampson E, Sankar JS (2012). "Re-examining the Manning hypothesis: androgen receptor polymorphism and the 2D: 4D digit ratio". Evolution and Human Behavior. 33 (5): 557–561. Bibcode:2012EHumB..33..557H. doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2012.02.003.
Fink B, Manning JT, Neave N, Grammer K (March 2004). "Second to fourth digit ratio and facial asymmetry". Evolution and Human Behavior. 25 (2): 125–32. Bibcode:2004EHumB..25..125F. doi:10.1016/S1090-5138(03)00084-9.
Burley NT (May 2006). "An eye for detail: selective sexual imprinting in zebra finches". Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution. 60 (5): 1076–1085. Bibcode:2006Evolu..60.1076B. doi:10.1554/05-399.1. JSTOR 4095408. PMID 16817546. S2CID 28869542.
Yan RH, Malisch JL, Hannon RM, Hurd PL, Garland T (September 2008). "Selective breeding for a behavioral trait changes digit ratio". PLOS ONE. 3 (9) e3216. Bibcode:2008PLoSO...3.3216Y. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003216. PMC 2528935. PMID 18797502.

apa.org (Global: 1,327^th place; English: 1,093^rd place)

doi.apa.org

Grimbos, Teresa; Dawood, Khytam; Burriss, Robert P.; Zucker, Kenneth J.; Puts, David A. (2010). "Sexual orientation and the second to fourth finger length ratio: A meta-analysis in men and women". Behavioral Neuroscience. 124 (2): 278–287. doi:10.1037/a0018764. ISSN 1939-0084. PMID 20364887.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Wilson G (2010). "Fingers to feminism: The rise of 2D:4D". Quarterly Review. 4: 25–32.
Snow DR (2006). "Sexual dimorphism in Upper Palaeolithic hand stencils". Antiquity. 80 (308): 390–404. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00093704. S2CID 16301395.
Loehlin JC, Medland SE, Martin NG (April 2009). "Relative finger lengths, sex differences, and psychological traits". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 38 (2): 298–305. doi:10.1007/s10508-007-9303-z. PMID 18340520. S2CID 12340685.
Gobrogge KL, Breedlove SM, Klump KL (February 2008). "Genetic and environmental influences on 2D:4D finger length ratios: a study of monozygotic and dizygotic male and female twins". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 37 (1): 112–118. doi:10.1007/s10508-007-9272-2. PMID 18074216. S2CID 41921265.
Manning JT, Churchill AJ, Peters M (April 2007). "The effects of sex, ethnicity, and sexual orientation on self-measured digit ratio (2D:4D)". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 36 (2): 223–233. doi:10.1007/s10508-007-9171-6. PMID 17373585. S2CID 2042042.
Loehlin JC, McFadden D, Medland SE, Martin NG (December 2006). "Population differences in finger-length ratios: ethnicity or latitude?". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 35 (6): 739–742. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.579.6269. doi:10.1007/s10508-006-9039-1. PMID 16688484. S2CID 4763807. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Voracek M, Pietschnig J, Nader IW, Stieger S (September 2011). "Digit ratio (2D:4D) and sex-role orientation: Further evidence and meta-analysis". Personality and Individual Differences. 51 (4). Elsevier BV: 417–422. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.06.009. ISSN 0191-8869.
Lindová J, Hrušková M, Pivoňková V, Kuběna A, Flegr J (June 2008). "Digit ratio (2D:4D) and Cattell's personality traits". European Journal of Personality. 22 (4). SAGE Publications: 347–356. doi:10.1002/per.664. ISSN 0890-2070. S2CID 18205251.
Romano M, Leoni B, Saino N (February 2006). "Examination marks of male university students positively correlate with finger length ratios (2D:4D)". Biological Psychology. 71 (2): 175–182. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2005.03.006. PMID 15978716. S2CID 39777964.

archives-ouvertes.fr (Global: 1,143^rd place; English: 973^rd place)

hal.archives-ouvertes.fr

Chazine JM, Noury A (2008). "Sexual Determination of Hand Stencils on the Main Panel of the Gua Masri II Cave (East-Kalimantan/Borneo – Indonesia)". International Newsletter on Rock Art. 28: 16–22. Archived from the original on 31 January 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2019.

bmj.com (Global: 1,341^st place; English: 1,425^th place)

Manning, John T. (11 June 2023). "The Big Finger Trumps the Lucky Jim Fallacy". The BMJ. Archived from the original on 11 June 2023. Retrieved 11 June 2023.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

McAnulty RD, Burnette MM (2006). Sex and sexuality. Vol. 1. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 165. ISBN 978-0-313-04919-4.
Shultz S, Opie C, Nelson E, Atkinson QD, Dunbar RI (2014). "Evolution of Primate Social Systems: Implications for Hominin Social Evolution". In Dunbar RI, Gamble C, Gowlett JA (eds.). Lucy to Language: The Benchmark Papers. OUP Oxford. pp. 317–405. ISBN 978-0-19-965259-4.

cnki.com.cn (Global: 3,132^nd place; English: 6,963^rd place)

en.cnki.com.cn

Lu H, Huo ZH, Shi ZY, Peng L, Dang J, Jiao HY, et al. (2008). "Study on the digit ratio of Hui and Han ethnic groups in Ningxia". Acta Anatomica Sinica. 39 (2): 267. Archived from the original on 7 November 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2016.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Jeevanandam S, Muthu PK (2016). "2D:4D Ratio and its Implications in Medicine". Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 10 (12): CM01–CM03. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2016/21952.9000. PMC 5296424. PMID 28208851.
Manning JT, Barley L, Walton J, Lewis-Jones DI, Trivers RL, Singh D, et al. (May 2000). "The 2nd:4th digit ratio, sexual dimorphism, population differences, and reproductive success. evidence for sexually antagonistic genes?". Evolution and Human Behavior. 21 (3): 163–183. Bibcode:2000EHumB..21..163M. doi:10.1016/S1090-5138(00)00029-5. PMID 10828555.
Nayak, Satheesha B.; Nair, Dhiviah; Ravi, Vimal; Aithal, Ashwini P. (20 September 2018). "A comparative study on digit ratio and hand patterns of three ethnic races of Malaysia". Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences. 8 (1): 56. doi:10.1186/s41935-018-0087-1. ISSN 2090-5939.
Kowal M, Sorokowski P, Żelaźniewicz A, Nowak J, Orzechowski S, Żurek G, et al. (June 2020). "No relationship between the digit ratios (2D:4D) and salivary testosterone change: Study on men under an acute exercise". Scientific Reports. 10 (1) 10068. Bibcode:2020NatSR..1010068K. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-66915-9. PMC 7308391. PMID 32572079.
Leslie M (2019). "Talk to the hand. Scientists try to debunk idea that finger length can reveal personality and health". Science. doi:10.1126/science.aay2735. S2CID 241187298. Archived from the original on 10 October 2021. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
Jones AL, Satchell LP, Jaeger B, Schild C (September 2020). "(Mis-)understanding COVID-19 and digit ratio: Methodological and statistical issues in Manning and Fink (2020)". Early Human Development. 148 105095. doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105095. PMC 7256504. PMID 32499091.
Smoliga JM, Fogaca LK, Siplon JS, Goldburt AA, Jakobs F (December 2021). "Giving science the finger-is the second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) a biomarker of good luck? A cross sectional study". BMJ. 375 e067849. doi:10.1136/bmj-2021-067849. PMC 8672321. PMID 34911738.
Mayhew TM, Gillam L, McDonald R, Ebling FJ (November 2007). "Human 2D (index) and 4D (ring) digit lengths: their variation and relationships during the menstrual cycle". Journal of Anatomy. 211 (5): 630–638. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2007.00801.x. PMC 2375787. PMID 17764524.
Kumar S, Voracek M, Singh M (6 March 2017). "Sexual Dimorphism in Digit Ratios Derived from Dorsal Digit Length among Adults and Children". Frontiers in Endocrinology. 8: 41. doi:10.3389/fendo.2017.00041. PMC 5337486. PMID 28321205.
Auger J, Eustache F (August 2011). "Second to fourth digit ratios, male genital development and reproductive health: a clinical study among fertile men and testis cancer patients". International Journal of Andrology. 34 (4 Pt 2): e49–e58. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2605.2010.01124.x. PMID 21091719.
Kumar S, Voracek M, Singh M (2 August 2019). "Differential Placing of Flexion Creases Contributes to Sex Differences in the Second-to-Fourth Digit Ratio (2D:4D)". Frontiers in Endocrinology. 10 537. doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00537. PMC 6688535. PMID 31428058.
Baker F (1888). "Anthropological Notes on the Human Hand". American Anthropologist. A1: 51–76. doi:10.1525/aa.1888.1.1.02a00040.
Ruggles G (1930). "Human finger types". The Anatomical Record. 46 (2): 199–204. doi:10.1002/ar.1090460210. S2CID 83821071.
Wilson GD (1983). "Finger-length as an index of assertiveness in women". Personality and Individual Differences. 4: 111–112. doi:10.1016/0191-8869(83)90061-2.
Manning JT, Scutt D, Wilson J, Lewis-Jones DI (November 1998). "The ratio of 2nd to 4th digit length: a predictor of sperm numbers and concentrations of testosterone, luteinizing hormone and oestrogen". Human Reproduction. 13 (11): 3000–3004. doi:10.1093/humrep/13.11.3000. PMID 9853845.
Snow DR (2006). "Sexual dimorphism in Upper Palaeolithic hand stencils". Antiquity. 80 (308): 390–404. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00093704. S2CID 16301395.
Nelson E, Manning J, Sinclair A (2006). "News Using the length of the 2nd to 4th digit ratio (2D:4D) to sex cave art hand stencils: Factors to consider". Before Farming. 2006: 1–7. doi:10.3828/bfarm.2006.1.6.
Malas MA, Dogan S, Evcil EH, Desdicioglu K (July 2006). "Fetal development of the hand, digits and digit ratio (2D:4D)". Early Human Development. 82 (7): 469–475. doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2005.12.002. PMID 16473482.
Galis F, Ten Broek CM, Van Dongen S, Wijnaendts LC (February 2010). "Sexual dimorphism in the prenatal digit ratio (2D:4D)". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 39 (1): 57–62. doi:10.1007/s10508-009-9485-7. PMC 2811245. PMID 19301112.
Galis, Frietson; Ten Broek, Clara M. A.; Van Dongen, Stefan; Wijnaendts, Liliane C. D. (February 2010). "Sexual Dimorphism in the Prenatal Digit Ratio (2D:4D)". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 39 (1): 57–62. doi:10.1007/s10508-009-9485-7. ISSN 0004-0002. PMC 2811245. PMID 19301112.
Pruszkowska-Przybylska, Paulina; Kobus, Magdalena; Żądzińska, Elżbieta; Rosset, Iwona; Pruszkowska, Milena; Kuczyński, Wojciech; Sitek, Aneta (21 December 2023). "The age difference in 2D:4D among the Polish population: An exploratory study". Anthropological Review. 86 (4): 99–110. doi:10.18778/1898-6773.86.4.08. hdl:11089/49401. ISSN 2083-4594. Archived from the original on 3 January 2024. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
Loehlin JC, Medland SE, Martin NG (April 2009). "Relative finger lengths, sex differences, and psychological traits". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 38 (2): 298–305. doi:10.1007/s10508-007-9303-z. PMID 18340520. S2CID 12340685.
McFadden, Dennis; Bracht, Mary S. (January 2005). "Sex differences in the relative lengths of metacarpals and metatarsals in gorillas and chimpanzees". Hormones and Behavior. 47 (1): 99–111. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2004.08.013. ISSN 0018-506X. PMID 15579271.
Voracek M (February 2009). "Comparative study of digit ratios (2D:4D and other) and novel measures of relative finger length: testing magnitude and consistency of sex differences across samples". Perceptual and Motor Skills. 108 (1): 83–93. doi:10.2466/pms.108.1.83-93. PMID 19425449. S2CID 10076143.
Hönekopp J, Watson S (September 2010). "Meta-analysis of digit ratio 2D:4D shows greater sex difference in the right hand". American Journal of Human Biology. 22 (5): 619–630. doi:10.1002/ajhb.21054. PMID 20737609. S2CID 29503255.
Kratochvíl L, Flegr J (October 2009). "Differences in the 2nd to 4th digit length ratio in humans reflect shifts along the common allometric line". Biology Letters. 5 (5): 643–646. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0346. PMC 2781964. PMID 19553247.
Hönekopp J, Bartholdt L, Beier L, Liebert A (May 2007). "Second to fourth digit length ratio (2D:4D) and adult sex hormone levels: new data and a meta-analytic review". Psychoneuroendocrinology. 32 (4): 313–321. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2007.01.007. PMID 17400395. S2CID 44238240.
Zheng Z, Cohn MJ (September 2011). "Developmental basis of sexually dimorphic digit ratios". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 108 (39): 16289–16294. doi:10.1073/pnas.1108312108. PMC 3182741. PMID 21896736.
Brown WM, Hines M, Fane BA, Breedlove SM (December 2002). "Masculinized finger length patterns in human males and females with congenital adrenal hyperplasia". Hormones and Behavior. 42 (4): 380–386. Bibcode:2002HoBeh..42..380B. doi:10.1006/hbeh.2002.1830. PMID 12488105. S2CID 8886238.
Okten A, Kalyoncu M, Yariş N (December 2002). "The ratio of second- and fourth-digit lengths and congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency". Early Human Development. 70 (1–2): 47–54. doi:10.1016/s0378-3782(02)00073-7. PMID 12441204.
Rivas MP, Moreira LM, Santo LD, Marques AC, El-Hani CN, Toralles MB (2014). "New studies of second and fourth digit ratio as a morphogenetic trait in subjects with congenital adrenal hyperplasia". American Journal of Human Biology. 26 (4): 559–561. doi:10.1002/ajhb.22545. PMID 24668932. S2CID 7711519.
Manning JT, Kilduff LP, Trivers R (January 2013). "Digit ratio (2D:4D) in Klinefelter's syndrome". Andrology. 1 (1): 94–99. doi:10.1111/j.2047-2927.2012.00013.x. PMID 23258636. S2CID 4503281.
Ventura T, Gomes MC, Pita A, Neto MT, Taylor A (February 2013). "Digit ratio (2D:4D) in newborns: influences of prenatal testosterone and maternal environment". Early Human Development. 89 (2): 107–112. doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2012.08.009. hdl:10400.17/772. PMID 23017880.
McIntyre MH (February 2006). "The use of digit ratios as markers for perinatal androgen action". Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. 4 10. doi:10.1186/1477-7827-4-10. PMC 1409789. PMID 16504142.
Lutchmaya S, Baron-Cohen S, Raggatt P, Knickmeyer R, Manning JT (April 2004). "2nd to 4th digit ratios, fetal testosterone and estradiol". Early Human Development. 77 (1–2): 23–28. doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2003.12.002. PMID 15113628.
Dean A, Sharpe RM (June 2013). "Clinical review: Anogenital distance or digit length ratio as measures of fetal androgen exposure: relationship to male reproductive development and its disorders". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 98 (6): 2230–2238. doi:10.1210/jc.2012-4057. PMID 23569219.
Sorokowski, Piotr; Kowal, Marta (5 October 2023). "Relationship between the 2D: 4D and prenatal testosterone, adult level testosterone, and testosterone change: Meta-analysis of 54 studies". American Journal of Biological Anthropology. 183 (1): 20–38. doi:10.1002/ajpa.24852. ISSN 2692-7691. PMID 37795916. S2CID 263670473.
Garn SM, Burdi AR, Babler WJ, Stinson S (November 1975). "Early prenatal attainment of adult metacarpal-phalangeal rankings and proportions". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 43 (3): 327–332. Bibcode:1975AJPA...43..327G. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330430305. hdl:2027.42/37557. PMID 1211429.
van Anders SM, Vernon PA, Wilbur CJ (March 2006). "Finger-length ratios show evidence of prenatal hormone-transfer between opposite-sex twins". Hormones and Behavior. 49 (3): 315–319. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2005.08.003. hdl:2027.42/83921. PMID 16143332. S2CID 17288420.
Medland SE, Loehlin JC, Martin NG (1 April 2008). "No effects of prenatal hormone transfer on digit ratio in a large sample of same- and opposite-sex dizygotic twins". Personality and Individual Differences. 44 (5): 1225–1234. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2007.11.017. ISSN 0191-8869. Archived from the original on 28 November 2012. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
Richards G (October 2017). "Digit ratio (2D:4D) and prenatal/perinatal sex hormones: A response to Manning and Fink (2017)". Early Human Development. 113: 75–76. doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2017.09.004. PMID 28917583.
Richards G, Browne WV, Constantinescu M (December 2021). "Digit ratio (2D:4D) and amniotic testosterone and estradiol: an attempted replication of Lutchmaya et al. (2004)" (PDF). Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease. 12 (6): 859–864. doi:10.1017/S2040174420001294. PMID 33472723. S2CID 231664924. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 April 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2022.
Hollier LP, Keelan JA, Jamnadass ES, Maybery MT, Hickey M, Whitehouse AJ (February 2015). "Adult digit ratio (2D:4D) is not related to umbilical cord androgen or estrogen concentrations, their ratios or net bioactivity". Early Human Development. 91 (2): 111–117. doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2014.12.011. PMID 25594498.
Warrington NM, Shevroja E, Hemani G, Hysi PG, Jiang Y, Auton A, et al. (June 2018). "Genome-wide association study identifies nine novel loci for 2D:4D finger ratio, a putative retrospective biomarker of testosterone exposure in utero". Human Molecular Genetics. 27 (11): 2025–2038. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddy121. PMC 5961159. PMID 29659830.
Ciumas C, Lindén Hirschberg A, Savic I (May 2009). "High fetal testosterone and sexually dimorphic cerebral networks in females". Cerebral Cortex. 19 (5): 1167–1174. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn160. PMID 18854582.
Pang S, Levine LS, Cederqvist LL, Fuentes M, Riccardi VM, Holcombe JH, et al. (August 1980). "Amniotic fluid concentrations of delta 5 and delta 4 steroids in fetuses with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21 hydroxylase deficiency and in anencephalic fetuses". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 51 (2): 223–229. doi:10.1210/jcem-51-2-223. PMID 6447160.
Dörr HG, Sippell WG (January 1993). "Prenatal dexamethasone treatment in pregnancies at risk for congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency: effect on midgestational amniotic fluid steroid levels". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 76 (1): 117–120. doi:10.1210/jcem.76.1.8421074. PMID 8421074.
Wudy SA, Dörr HG, Solleder C, Djalali M, Homoki J (August 1999). "Profiling steroid hormones in amniotic fluid of midpregnancy by routine stable isotope dilution/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: reference values and concentrations in fetuses at risk for 21-hydroxylase deficiency". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 84 (8): 2724–2728. doi:10.1210/jcem.84.8.5870. PMID 10443667.
Manning JT, Bundred PE, Newton DJ, Flanagan BF (2003). "The second to fourth digit ratio and variation in the androgen receptor gene". Evolution and Human Behavior. 24 (6): 399–405. Bibcode:2003EHumB..24..399M. doi:10.1016/S1090-5138(03)00052-7.
Hampson E, Sankar JS (2012). "Re-examining the Manning hypothesis: androgen receptor polymorphism and the 2D:4D ratio". Evol Hum Behav. 33 (5): 557–561. Bibcode:2012EHumB..33..557H. doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2012.02.003.
Crabbe P, Bogaert V, De Bacquer D, Goemaere S, Zmierczak H, Kaufman JM (September 2007). "Part of the interindividual variation in serum testosterone levels in healthy men reflects differences in androgen sensitivity and feedback set point: contribution of the androgen receptor polyglutamine tract polymorphism". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 92 (9): 3604–3610. doi:10.1210/jc.2007-0117. hdl:1854/LU-391804. PMID 17579205. S2CID 33761349.
Berenbaum SA, Bryk KK, Nowak N, Quigley CA, Moffat S (November 2009). "Fingers as a marker of prenatal androgen exposure". Endocrinology. 150 (11): 5119–5124. doi:10.1210/en.2009-0774. PMC 2775980. PMID 19819951.
Paul SN, Kato BS, Hunkin JL, Vivekanandan S, Spector TD (December 2006). "The big finger: the second to fourth digit ratio is a predictor of sporting ability in women". British Journal of Sports Medicine. 40 (12): 981–983. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2006.027193. PMC 2577466. PMID 17008344.
Gobrogge KL, Breedlove SM, Klump KL (February 2008). "Genetic and environmental influences on 2D:4D finger length ratios: a study of monozygotic and dizygotic male and female twins". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 37 (1): 112–118. doi:10.1007/s10508-007-9272-2. PMID 18074216. S2CID 41921265.
Manning JT, Stewart A, Bundred PE, Trivers RL (November 2004). "Sex and ethnic differences in 2nd to 4th digit ratio of children". Early Human Development. 80 (2): 161–168. doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2004.06.004. PMID 15500996.
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hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Pruszkowska-Przybylska, Paulina; Kobus, Magdalena; Żądzińska, Elżbieta; Rosset, Iwona; Pruszkowska, Milena; Kuczyński, Wojciech; Sitek, Aneta (21 December 2023). "The age difference in 2D:4D among the Polish population: An exploratory study". Anthropological Review. 86 (4): 99–110. doi:10.18778/1898-6773.86.4.08. hdl:11089/49401. ISSN 2083-4594. Archived from the original on 3 January 2024. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
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jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Burley NT (May 2006). "An eye for detail: selective sexual imprinting in zebra finches". Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution. 60 (5): 1076–1085. Bibcode:2006Evolu..60.1076B. doi:10.1554/05-399.1. JSTOR 4095408. PMID 16817546. S2CID 28869542.

marquette.edu (Global: 8,736^th place; English: 4,761^st place)

epublications.marquette.edu

Kumar S, Singh M, Voracek M (December 2020). "Effects of hand preference on digit lengths and digit ratios among children and adults". Early Human Development. 151 105204. doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105204. PMID 33059164. S2CID 222829822. Archived from the original on 17 May 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2022.

ncl.ac.uk (Global: 5,403^rd place; English: 3,489^th place)

eprint.ncl.ac.uk

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nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

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ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

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Robertson J, Zhang W, Liu JJ, Muir KR, Maciewicz RA, Doherty M (January 2008). "Radiographic assessment of the index to ring finger ratio (2D:4D) in adults". Journal of Anatomy. 212 (1): 42–48. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2007.00830.x. PMC 2423386. PMID 18005121.
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Medland SE, Zayats T, Glaser B, Nyholt DR, Gordon SD, Wright MJ, et al. (April 2010). "A variant in LIN28B is associated with 2D:4D finger-length ratio, a putative retrospective biomarker of prenatal testosterone exposure". American Journal of Human Genetics. 86 (4): 519–525. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.02.017. PMC 2850436. PMID 20303062.
Lolli L, Batterham AM, Kratochvíl L, Flegr J, Weston KL, Atkinson G (June 2017). "A comprehensive allometric analysis of 2nd digit length to 4th digit length in humans". Proceedings. Biological Sciences. 284 (1857) 20170356. doi:10.1098/rspb.2017.0356. PMC 5489719. PMID 28659446.
McQuade DB (September 2011). "Does digit ratio (2D:4D) predict penile length?". Asian Journal of Andrology. 13 (5). Medknow: 667–668. doi:10.1038/aja.2011.81. PMC 3739583. PMID 21725331.
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psu.edu (Global: 299^th place; English: 159^th place)

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

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rug.nl (Global: 2,629^th place; English: 1,971^st place)

research.rug.nl

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science.org (Global: 1,007^th place; English: 665^th place)

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sciencedirect.com (Global: 137^th place; English: 146^th place)

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semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

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wiley.com (Global: 150^th place; English: 174^th place)

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worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

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Digit ratio (English Wikipedia)

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