Dijkstra's algorithm (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Dijkstra's algorithm" in English language version.

Last modified: 05:03:02, 10 August 2026 (UTC)

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2719doi.org

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aaai.org (Global: low place; English: 6,393^rd place)

Felner, Ariel (2011). Position Paper: Dijkstra's Algorithm versus Uniform Cost Search or a Case Against Dijkstra's Algorithm. Proc. 4th Int'l Symp. on Combinatorial Search. Archived from the original on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 12 February 2015. In a route-finding problem, Felner finds that the queue can be a factor 500–600 smaller, taking some 40% of the running time.

acm.org (Global: 1,200^th place; English: 821^st place)

amturing.acm.org

Richards, Hamilton. "Edsger Wybe Dijkstra". A.M. Turing Award. Association for Computing Machinery. Retrieved 16 October 2017. At the Mathematical Centre a major project was building the ARMAC computer. For its official inauguration in 1956, Dijkstra devised a program to solve a problem interesting to a nontechnical audience: Given a network of roads connecting cities, what is the shortest route between two designated cities?

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Prim, R.C. (1957). "Shortest connection networks and some generalizations" (PDF). Bell System Technical Journal. 36 (6): 1389–1401. Bibcode:1957BSTJ...36.1389P. doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1957.tb01515.x. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 July 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2017.

arxiv.org (Global: 49^th place; English: 31^st place)

Szcześniak, Ireneusz; Jajszczyk, Andrzej; Woźna-Szcześniak, Bożena (2019). "Generic Dijkstra for optical networks". Journal of Optical Communications and Networking. 11 (11): 568–577. arXiv:1810.04481. doi:10.1364/JOCN.11.000568. S2CID 52958911.
Szcześniak, Ireneusz; Woźna-Szcześniak, Bożena (2023), "Generic Dijkstra: Correctness and tractability", NOMS 2023-2023 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium, pp. 1–7, arXiv:2204.13547, doi:10.1109/NOMS56928.2023.10154322, ISBN 978-1-6654-7716-1, S2CID 248427020
Haeupler, Bernhard; Hladík, Richard; Rozhon, Václav; Tarjan, Robert E.; Tetek, Jakub (2025). "Bidirectional Dijkstra's algorithm is instance-optimal". In Bercea, Ioana Oriana; Pagh, Rasmus (eds.). 2025 Symposium on Simplicity in Algorithms, SOSA 2025, New Orleans, LA, USA, January 13–15, 2025. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. pp. 202–215. arXiv:2410.14638. doi:10.1137/1.9781611978315.16.
Haeupler, Bernhard; Hladík, Richard; Rozhoň, Václav; Tarjan, Robert; Tětek, Jakub (28 October 2024). "Universal Optimality of Dijkstra via Beyond-Worst-Case Heaps". arXiv:2311.11793 [cs.DS].

cwi.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

ir.cwi.nl

Dijkstra, E. W. (1959). "A note on two problems in connexion with graphs" (PDF). Numerische Mathematik. 1: 269–271. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.165.7577. doi:10.1007/BF01386390. S2CID 123284777. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Fredman & Tarjan 1987. Fredman, Michael Lawrence; Tarjan, Robert E. (1987). "Fibonacci heaps and their uses in improved network optimization algorithms". Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery. 34 (3): 596–615. doi:10.1145/28869.28874. S2CID 7904683.
Frana, Phil (August 2010). "An Interview with Edsger W. Dijkstra". Communications of the ACM. 53 (8): 41–47. doi:10.1145/1787234.1787249. S2CID 27009702.
Dijkstra, E. W. (1959). "A note on two problems in connexion with graphs" (PDF). Numerische Mathematik. 1: 269–271. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.165.7577. doi:10.1007/BF01386390. S2CID 123284777. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Mehlhorn, Kurt; Sanders, Peter (2008). "Chapter 10. Shortest Paths" (PDF). Algorithms and Data Structures: The Basic Toolbox. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-77978-0. ISBN 978-3-540-77977-3.
Schrijver, Alexander (2012). "On the history of the shortest path problem" (PDF). Optimization Stories. Documenta Mathematica Series. Vol. 6. pp. 155–167. doi:10.4171/dms/6/19. ISBN 978-3-936609-58-5.
Szcześniak, Ireneusz; Jajszczyk, Andrzej; Woźna-Szcześniak, Bożena (2019). "Generic Dijkstra for optical networks". Journal of Optical Communications and Networking. 11 (11): 568–577. arXiv:1810.04481. doi:10.1364/JOCN.11.000568. S2CID 52958911.
Szcześniak, Ireneusz; Woźna-Szcześniak, Bożena (2023), "Generic Dijkstra: Correctness and tractability", NOMS 2023-2023 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium, pp. 1–7, arXiv:2204.13547, doi:10.1109/NOMS56928.2023.10154322, ISBN 978-1-6654-7716-1, S2CID 248427020
Prim, R.C. (1957). "Shortest connection networks and some generalizations" (PDF). Bell System Technical Journal. 36 (6): 1389–1401. Bibcode:1957BSTJ...36.1389P. doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1957.tb01515.x. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 July 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
Gass, Saul; Fu, Michael (2013). "Dijkstra's Algorithm". In Gass, Saul I; Fu, Michael C (eds.). Encyclopedia of Operations Research and Management Science. Vol. 1. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1153-7. ISBN 978-1-4419-1137-7 – via Springer Link.
Fredman & Tarjan 1984. Fredman, Michael Lawrence; Tarjan, Robert E. (1984). Fibonacci heaps and their uses in improved network optimization algorithms. 25th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science. IEEE. pp. 338–346. doi:10.1109/SFCS.1984.715934.
Sometimes also least-cost-first search: Nau, Dana S. (1983). "Expert computer systems" (PDF). Computer. 16 (2). IEEE: 63–85. doi:10.1109/mc.1983.1654302. S2CID 7301753.
Bauer, Reinhard; Delling, Daniel; Sanders, Peter; Schieferdecker, Dennis; Schultes, Dominik; Wagner, Dorothea (2010). "Combining hierarchical and goal-directed speed-up techniques for Dijkstra's algorithm". ACM Journal of Experimental Algorithmics. 15: 2.1. doi:10.1145/1671970.1671976. S2CID 1661292.
Haeupler, Bernhard; Hladík, Richard; Rozhon, Václav; Tarjan, Robert E.; Tetek, Jakub (2025). "Bidirectional Dijkstra's algorithm is instance-optimal". In Bercea, Ioana Oriana; Pagh, Rasmus (eds.). 2025 Symposium on Simplicity in Algorithms, SOSA 2025, New Orleans, LA, USA, January 13–15, 2025. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. pp. 202–215. arXiv:2410.14638. doi:10.1137/1.9781611978315.16.
Geisberger, Robert; Sanders, Peter; Schultes, Dominik; Delling, Daniel (2008). Contraction Hierarchies: Faster and Simpler Hierarchical Routing in Road Networks. Experimental Algorithms (WEA 2008). Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 5038. Springer. pp. 319–333. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-68552-4_24. ISBN 978-3-540-68548-7.
Sanders, Peter; Schultes, Dominik (2005). Highway Hierarchies Hasten Exact Shortest Path Queries. Algorithms – ESA 2005. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 3669. Springer. pp. 568–579. doi:10.1007/11561071_51. ISBN 978-3-540-29118-3.
Dial 1969. Dial, Robert B. (1969). "Algorithm 360: Shortest-path forest with topological ordering [H]". Communications of the ACM. 12 (11): 632–633. doi:10.1145/363269.363610. S2CID 6754003.
Ahuja et al. 1990. Ahuja, Ravindra K.; Mehlhorn, Kurt; Orlin, James B.; Tarjan, Robert E. (April 1990). "Faster Algorithms for the Shortest Path Problem" (PDF). Journal of the ACM. 37 (2): 213–223. doi:10.1145/77600.77615. hdl:1721.1/47994. S2CID 5499589.
Thorup 2000. Thorup, Mikkel (2000). "On RAM priority Queues". SIAM Journal on Computing. 30 (1): 86–109. doi:10.1137/S0097539795288246. S2CID 5221089.
Raman 1997. Raman, Rajeev (1997). "Recent results on the single-source shortest paths problem". SIGACT News. 28 (2): 81–87. doi:10.1145/261342.261352. S2CID 18031586.

gwdg.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

ftp.gwdg.de

Schrijver, Alexander (2012). "On the history of the shortest path problem" (PDF). Optimization Stories. Documenta Mathematica Series. Vol. 6. pp. 155–167. doi:10.4171/dms/6/19. ISBN 978-3-936609-58-5.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Ahuja et al. 1990. Ahuja, Ravindra K.; Mehlhorn, Kurt; Orlin, James B.; Tarjan, Robert E. (April 1990). "Faster Algorithms for the Shortest Path Problem" (PDF). Journal of the ACM. 37 (2): 213–223. doi:10.1145/77600.77615. hdl:1721.1/47994. S2CID 5499589.

icm.edu.pl (Global: 1,395^th place; English: 4,083^rd place)

matwbn.icm.edu.pl

Sniedovich, M. (2006). "Dijkstra's algorithm revisited: the dynamic programming connexion" (PDF). Journal of Control and Cybernetics. 35 (3): 599–620. Online version of the paper with interactive computational modules.

ict.ac.cn (Global: low place; English: low place)

bioinfo.ict.ac.cn

Prim, R.C. (1957). "Shortest connection networks and some generalizations" (PDF). Bell System Technical Journal. 36 (6): 1389–1401. Bibcode:1957BSTJ...36.1389P. doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1957.tb01515.x. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 July 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2017.

infona.pl (Global: low place; English: low place)

Controversial, see Moshe Sniedovich (2006). "Dijkstra's algorithm revisited: the dynamic programming connexion". Control and Cybernetics. 35: 599–620. and below part.

kit.edu (Global: 520^th place; English: 7,067^th place)

publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu

Bauer, Reinhard; Delling, Daniel; Sanders, Peter; Schieferdecker, Dennis; Schultes, Dominik; Wagner, Dorothea (2010). "Combining hierarchical and goal-directed speed-up techniques for Dijkstra's algorithm". ACM Journal of Experimental Algorithmics. 15: 2.1. doi:10.1145/1671970.1671976. S2CID 1661292.

mit.edu (Global: 476^th place; English: 340^th place)

dspace.mit.edu

Ahuja et al. 1990. Ahuja, Ravindra K.; Mehlhorn, Kurt; Orlin, James B.; Tarjan, Robert E. (April 1990). "Faster Algorithms for the Shortest Path Problem" (PDF). Journal of the ACM. 37 (2): 213–223. doi:10.1145/77600.77615. hdl:1721.1/47994. S2CID 5499589.

mpg.de (Global: 1,722^nd place; English: 1,710^th place)

people.mpi-inf.mpg.de

Mehlhorn, Kurt; Sanders, Peter (2008). "Chapter 10. Shortest Paths" (PDF). Algorithms and Data Structures: The Basic Toolbox. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-77978-0. ISBN 978-3-540-77977-3.

psu.edu (Global: 299^th place; English: 159^th place)

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Dijkstra, E. W. (1959). "A note on two problems in connexion with graphs" (PDF). Numerische Mathematik. 1: 269–271. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.165.7577. doi:10.1007/BF01386390. S2CID 123284777. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)

quantamagazine.org (Global: 6,258^th place; English: 4,046^th place)

Brubaker, Ben (25 October 2024). "Computer Scientists Establish the Best Way to Traverse a Graph". Quanta Magazine. Retrieved 9 December 2024.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Fredman & Tarjan 1987. Fredman, Michael Lawrence; Tarjan, Robert E. (1987). "Fibonacci heaps and their uses in improved network optimization algorithms". Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery. 34 (3): 596–615. doi:10.1145/28869.28874. S2CID 7904683.
Frana, Phil (August 2010). "An Interview with Edsger W. Dijkstra". Communications of the ACM. 53 (8): 41–47. doi:10.1145/1787234.1787249. S2CID 27009702.
Dijkstra, E. W. (1959). "A note on two problems in connexion with graphs" (PDF). Numerische Mathematik. 1: 269–271. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.165.7577. doi:10.1007/BF01386390. S2CID 123284777. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Szcześniak, Ireneusz; Jajszczyk, Andrzej; Woźna-Szcześniak, Bożena (2019). "Generic Dijkstra for optical networks". Journal of Optical Communications and Networking. 11 (11): 568–577. arXiv:1810.04481. doi:10.1364/JOCN.11.000568. S2CID 52958911.
Szcześniak, Ireneusz; Woźna-Szcześniak, Bożena (2023), "Generic Dijkstra: Correctness and tractability", NOMS 2023-2023 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium, pp. 1–7, arXiv:2204.13547, doi:10.1109/NOMS56928.2023.10154322, ISBN 978-1-6654-7716-1, S2CID 248427020
Sometimes also least-cost-first search: Nau, Dana S. (1983). "Expert computer systems" (PDF). Computer. 16 (2). IEEE: 63–85. doi:10.1109/mc.1983.1654302. S2CID 7301753.
Bauer, Reinhard; Delling, Daniel; Sanders, Peter; Schieferdecker, Dennis; Schultes, Dominik; Wagner, Dorothea (2010). "Combining hierarchical and goal-directed speed-up techniques for Dijkstra's algorithm". ACM Journal of Experimental Algorithmics. 15: 2.1. doi:10.1145/1671970.1671976. S2CID 1661292.
Dial 1969. Dial, Robert B. (1969). "Algorithm 360: Shortest-path forest with topological ordering [H]". Communications of the ACM. 12 (11): 632–633. doi:10.1145/363269.363610. S2CID 6754003.
Ahuja et al. 1990. Ahuja, Ravindra K.; Mehlhorn, Kurt; Orlin, James B.; Tarjan, Robert E. (April 1990). "Faster Algorithms for the Shortest Path Problem" (PDF). Journal of the ACM. 37 (2): 213–223. doi:10.1145/77600.77615. hdl:1721.1/47994. S2CID 5499589.
Thorup 2000. Thorup, Mikkel (2000). "On RAM priority Queues". SIAM Journal on Computing. 30 (1): 86–109. doi:10.1137/S0097539795288246. S2CID 5221089.
Raman 1997. Raman, Rajeev (1997). "Recent results on the single-source shortest paths problem". SIGACT News. 28 (2): 81–87. doi:10.1145/261342.261352. S2CID 18031586.

springer.com (Global: 182^nd place; English: 172^nd place)

link.springer.com

Geisberger, Robert; Sanders, Peter; Schultes, Dominik; Delling, Daniel (2008). Contraction Hierarchies: Faster and Simpler Hierarchical Routing in Road Networks. Experimental Algorithms (WEA 2008). Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 5038. Springer. pp. 319–333. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-68552-4_24. ISBN 978-3-540-68548-7.
Sanders, Peter; Schultes, Dominik (2005). Highway Hierarchies Hasten Exact Shortest Path Queries. Algorithms – ESA 2005. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 3669. Springer. pp. 568–579. doi:10.1007/11561071_51. ISBN 978-3-540-29118-3.

stackexchange.com (Global: 4,114^th place; English: 3,027^th place)

cs.stackexchange.com

Observe that p < dist[u] cannot ever hold because of the update dist[v] ← alt when updating the queue. See https://cs.stackexchange.com/questions/118388/dijkstra-without-decrease-key for discussion.

sunysb.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

cs.sunysb.edu

Chen, M.; Chowdhury, R. A.; Ramachandran, V.; Roche, D. L.; Tong, L. (2007). Priority Queues and Dijkstra's Algorithm – UTCS Technical Report TR-07-54 – 12 October 2007 (PDF). Austin, Texas: The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Computer Sciences.

tue.nl (Global: 9,533^rd place; English: 6,917^th place)

www-set.win.tue.nl

"ARMAC". Unsung Heroes in Dutch Computing History. 2007. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013.

ucl.ac.uk (Global: 1,187^th place; English: 756^th place)

homepages.ucl.ac.uk

Thomas, Mark (30 May 2020). "Bidirectional Dijkstra". UCL Mathematics Blog. Retrieved 3 October 2025.

umd.edu (Global: 1,356^th place; English: 1,172^nd place)

cs.umd.edu

Sometimes also least-cost-first search: Nau, Dana S. (1983). "Expert computer systems" (PDF). Computer. 16 (2). IEEE: 63–85. doi:10.1109/mc.1983.1654302. S2CID 7301753.

unimelb.edu.au (Global: 3,366^th place; English: 2,021^st place)

ifors.ms.unimelb.edu.au

Sniedovich, M. (2006). "Dijkstra's algorithm revisited: the dynamic programming connexion" (PDF). Journal of Control and Cybernetics. 35 (3): 599–620. Online version of the paper with interactive computational modules.

utexas.edu (Global: 868^th place; English: 634^th place)

cs.utexas.edu

Dijkstra, Edsger W., Reflections on "A note on two problems in connexion with graphs (PDF)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Felner, Ariel (2011). Position Paper: Dijkstra's Algorithm versus Uniform Cost Search or a Case Against Dijkstra's Algorithm. Proc. 4th Int'l Symp. on Combinatorial Search. Archived from the original on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 12 February 2015. In a route-finding problem, Felner finds that the queue can be a factor 500–600 smaller, taking some 40% of the running time.
"ARMAC". Unsung Heroes in Dutch Computing History. 2007. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013.
Prim, R.C. (1957). "Shortest connection networks and some generalizations" (PDF). Bell System Technical Journal. 36 (6): 1389–1401. Bibcode:1957BSTJ...36.1389P. doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1957.tb01515.x. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 July 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2017.

Dijkstra's algorithm (English Wikipedia)

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kit.edu (Global: 520^th place; English: 7,067^th place)

mit.edu (Global: 476^th place; English: 340^th place)

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quantamagazine.org (Global: 6,258^th place; English: 4,046^th place)

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