Discus (fish) (English Wikipedia)

Tuccinardi, Michael (1 December 2016). "This Obscure Bangkok Market is Home to a Million-Dollar Collection of Tropical Fish. In the market for rare aquarium fish? Head to Thailand". www.AtlasObscura.com. Atlas Obscura. …Discus fish, pre-bagged for a quick sale, occupy a seller's shelves…Each tiny shop or stall usually specializes in a particular breed or category of fish or aquarium—some showcasing colorful but delicate discus and angelfish…

buildyouraquarium.com

Roberts, Jason (2022-03-09). "Discus Fish: The Complete Care, Species, & Breeding Guide". Build Your Aquarium. Retrieved 2022-03-11.

calacademy.org

researcharchive.calacademy.org

Eschmeyer, W.N.; Fricke, R.; van der Laan, R. (3 January 2017). "Symphysodon". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 26 January 2017.

cichlidae.com

Geerts, M. (2011): On the name Symphysodon Discus Tarzoo. The Cichlid Room Companion

discusnada.org

"North American Discus Association". www.discusnada.org. Retrieved 2019-11-26.

doi.org

Chong, K.; Ying, T. S.; Foo, J.; Jin, L. J.; Chong, A. (2005-09-12). "Characterisation of proteins in epidermal mucus of discus fish (Symphysodon spp.) during parental phase". Aquaculture. 249 (1–4): 469–476. Bibcode:2005Aquac.249..469C. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.02.045.
Ready, J.S.; Ferreira, E.J.G.; Kullander, S.O. (2006). "Discus fishes: mitochondrial DNA evidence for a phylogeographic barrier in the Amazonian genus Symphysodon (Teleostei: Cichlidae)". Fish Biology. 69: 200–211. Bibcode:2006JFBio..69S.200R. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2006.01232.x.
Amado, M.V.; Farias, I.P.; Hrbek, T. (2011). "A Molecular Perspective on Systematics, Taxonomy and Classification Amazonian Discus Fishes of the Genus Symphysodon". International Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 2011: 360654. doi:10.4061/2011/360654. PMC 3147135. PMID 21811676.
Koh, T.L.; Khoo, G.; Fan, L.Q.; Phang, V.P.E. (1999). "Genetic diversity among wild forms and cultivated varieties of Discus (Symphysodon spp.) as revealed by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting". Aquaculture. 173 (1): 485–497. Bibcode:1999Aquac.173..485K. doi:10.1016/S0044-8486(98)00478-5.
Crampton (2008). "Ecology and life history of an Amazon floodplain cichlid: the discus fish Symphysodon (Perciformes: Cichlidae)". Neotrop. Ichthyol. 6 (4): 599–612. doi:10.1590/S1679-62252008000400008.
Ball, J.N. (1969). "Prolactin (Fish Prolactin or Paralactin) and Growth Hormone". The Endocrine System. Fish Physiology. Vol. 2. pp. 207–240. doi:10.1016/S1546-5098(08)60098-9. ISBN 978-0-12-350402-9. p. 219: A special case is the discus fish, a cichlid Symphysodon discus, in which the skin of brooding fish hypertrophies and secretes mucus ('discus milk') which is eaten by the fry
Buckley, J.; Maunder, R. J.; Foey, A.; Pearce, J.; Val, A. L.; Sloman, K. A. (2010). "Biparental mucus feeding: a unique example of parental care in an Amazonian cichlid". J. Exp. Biol. 213 (22): 3787–3795. Bibcode:2010JExpB.213.3787B. doi:10.1242/jeb.042929. hdl:10026.1/12620. PMID 21037057.
Sylvain, François-Étienne; Derome, Nicolas (2017). "Vertically and horizontally transmitted microbial symbionts shape the gut microbiota ontogenesis of a skin-mucus feeding discus fish progeny". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 5263. Bibcode:2017NatSR...7.5263S. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-05662-w. PMC 5507859. PMID 28701764.

fishbase.org

Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Symphysodon". FishBase. April 2013 version.

fishchannel.com

Leibel, W. (2010). "Cichlids of the Americas - Mouthbrooders". FishChanel. Retrieved 22 January 2017.

freshwatercentral.com

freshwatercentral (2019-11-26). "The Complete Discus Fish Care Guide". Freshwater Central. Archived from the original on 2022-06-30. Retrieved 2019-11-26.
"Build Your Dream Discus Fish Aquarium - an Expert Guide". 28 July 2018. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 13 May 2019.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Buckley, J.; Maunder, R. J.; Foey, A.; Pearce, J.; Val, A. L.; Sloman, K. A. (2010). "Biparental mucus feeding: a unique example of parental care in an Amazonian cichlid". J. Exp. Biol. 213 (22): 3787–3795. Bibcode:2010JExpB.213.3787B. doi:10.1242/jeb.042929. hdl:10026.1/12620. PMID 21037057.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Chong, K.; Ying, T. S.; Foo, J.; Jin, L. J.; Chong, A. (2005-09-12). "Characterisation of proteins in epidermal mucus of discus fish (Symphysodon spp.) during parental phase". Aquaculture. 249 (1–4): 469–476. Bibcode:2005Aquac.249..469C. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.02.045.
Ready, J.S.; Ferreira, E.J.G.; Kullander, S.O. (2006). "Discus fishes: mitochondrial DNA evidence for a phylogeographic barrier in the Amazonian genus Symphysodon (Teleostei: Cichlidae)". Fish Biology. 69: 200–211. Bibcode:2006JFBio..69S.200R. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2006.01232.x.
Koh, T.L.; Khoo, G.; Fan, L.Q.; Phang, V.P.E. (1999). "Genetic diversity among wild forms and cultivated varieties of Discus (Symphysodon spp.) as revealed by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting". Aquaculture. 173 (1): 485–497. Bibcode:1999Aquac.173..485K. doi:10.1016/S0044-8486(98)00478-5.
Buckley, J.; Maunder, R. J.; Foey, A.; Pearce, J.; Val, A. L.; Sloman, K. A. (2010). "Biparental mucus feeding: a unique example of parental care in an Amazonian cichlid". J. Exp. Biol. 213 (22): 3787–3795. Bibcode:2010JExpB.213.3787B. doi:10.1242/jeb.042929. hdl:10026.1/12620. PMID 21037057.
Sylvain, François-Étienne; Derome, Nicolas (2017). "Vertically and horizontally transmitted microbial symbionts shape the gut microbiota ontogenesis of a skin-mucus feeding discus fish progeny". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 5263. Bibcode:2017NatSR...7.5263S. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-05662-w. PMC 5507859. PMID 28701764.

itis.gov

"Integrated Taxonomic Information System". Retrieved 19 February 2025.
See Wiktionary.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Amado, M.V.; Farias, I.P.; Hrbek, T. (2011). "A Molecular Perspective on Systematics, Taxonomy and Classification Amazonian Discus Fishes of the Genus Symphysodon". International Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 2011: 360654. doi:10.4061/2011/360654. PMC 3147135. PMID 21811676.
Buckley, J.; Maunder, R. J.; Foey, A.; Pearce, J.; Val, A. L.; Sloman, K. A. (2010). "Biparental mucus feeding: a unique example of parental care in an Amazonian cichlid". J. Exp. Biol. 213 (22): 3787–3795. Bibcode:2010JExpB.213.3787B. doi:10.1242/jeb.042929. hdl:10026.1/12620. PMID 21037057.
Sylvain, François-Étienne; Derome, Nicolas (2017). "Vertically and horizontally transmitted microbial symbionts shape the gut microbiota ontogenesis of a skin-mucus feeding discus fish progeny". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 5263. Bibcode:2017NatSR...7.5263S. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-05662-w. PMC 5507859. PMID 28701764.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Amado, M.V.; Farias, I.P.; Hrbek, T. (2011). "A Molecular Perspective on Systematics, Taxonomy and Classification Amazonian Discus Fishes of the Genus Symphysodon". International Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 2011: 360654. doi:10.4061/2011/360654. PMC 3147135. PMID 21811676.
Sylvain, François-Étienne; Derome, Nicolas (2017). "Vertically and horizontally transmitted microbial symbionts shape the gut microbiota ontogenesis of a skin-mucus feeding discus fish progeny". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 5263. Bibcode:2017NatSR...7.5263S. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-05662-w. PMC 5507859. PMID 28701764.

practicalfishkeeping.co.uk

"New Discus named Symphysodon tarzoo". Matt Clarke. practical fishkeeping. 2006-11-28. Archived from the original on March 7, 2009. Retrieved 15 August 2009.
"Discus genus revised". Matt Clarke. Practical Fishkeeping. 2007-08-08. Archived from the original on 6 November 2011. Retrieved 15 August 2009.
"Discus: The whole truth and nothing but..." Practical Fishkeeping. 2016-06-13. Retrieved 2020-04-29.

seriouslyfish.com

"Discus". Seriously Fish. Retrieved 25 January 2017.

ufl.edu

edis.ifas.ufl.edu

Livengood, E.J.; Ohs, C.L.; Chapman, F.A. (2009). "Candidate Species for Florida Aquaculture: Discus Symphysodon spp., a Profitable but Challenging Species for Florida Aquaculture". U.S. Department of Agriculture, UF/IFAS Extension Service, University of Florida. Retrieved 25 January 2017.

web.archive.org

"New Discus named Symphysodon tarzoo". Matt Clarke. practical fishkeeping. 2006-11-28. Archived from the original on March 7, 2009. Retrieved 15 August 2009.
"Discus genus revised". Matt Clarke. Practical Fishkeeping. 2007-08-08. Archived from the original on 6 November 2011. Retrieved 15 August 2009.
freshwatercentral (2019-11-26). "The Complete Discus Fish Care Guide". Freshwater Central. Archived from the original on 2022-06-30. Retrieved 2019-11-26.
"Build Your Dream Discus Fish Aquarium - an Expert Guide". 28 July 2018. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 13 May 2019.
"Aquaworld Aquarium - Article - Discus - King Of The Aquarium". www.aquaworldaquarium.com. Archived from the original on 2023-02-05. Retrieved 2019-11-26.