Disease (English Wikipedia)

Sefton P (21 November 2011). "Condition, Disease, Disorder". AMA Style Insider. American Medical Association. Archived from the original on 20 August 2019. Retrieved 20 August 2019.

archive.org

Olson, James Stuart (2002). Bathsheba's breast: women, cancer & history. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 168–70. ISBN 978-0-8018-6936-5.
Fadiman A (1997). The spirit catches you and you fall down: a Hmong child, her American doctors, and the collision of two cultures. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux. ISBN 978-0-374-52564-4.
Diedrich, Lisa (2007). Treatments: language, politics, and the culture of illness. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. pp. 8, 29. ISBN 978-0-8166-4697-5. OCLC 601862594.

archive.today

Span, Paula (22 April 2014). "Fighting Words Are Rarer Among British Doctors". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2 July 2014.

books.google.com

Kirch W (13 June 2008). Encyclopedia of Public Health: Volume 1: A – H Volume 2: I – Z. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 966. ISBN 978-1-4020-5613-0. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
Hardy, Paul A., Hardy, Paul A. J. (1997). Chronic Pain Management: The Essentials. Cambridge University Press. p. 10. ISBN 978-1-900151-85-6. OCLC 36881282. Archived from the original on 3 October 2015.

britannica.com

"Human disease – Pathogenesis, Etiology, Resistance, and Immunity | Britannica". britannica.com. Archived from the original on 26 May 2023. Retrieved 25 May 2023.

cancer.gov

"Disorder". www.cancer.gov. National Cancer Institute. Retrieved 23 April 2024.

cdc.gov

wwwnc.cdc.gov

Mead PS, Slutsker L, Dietz V, McCaig LF, Bresee JS, Shapiro C, Griffin PM, Tauxe RV (October 1999). "Food-Related Illness and Death in the United States". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 5 (5): 607–625. doi:10.3201/eid0505.990502. ISSN 1080-6040. PMC 2627714. PMID 10511517.

cell.com

Marcantonio M, Pascoe E, Baldacchino F (January 2017). "Sometimes Scientists Get the Flu. Wrong…!". Trends in Parasitology. 33 (1): 7–9. doi:10.1016/j.pt.2016.10.005. PMID 27856180.

doi.org

Hart BL (1988). "Biological basis of the behavior of sick animals". Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 12 (2): 123–37. doi:10.1016/S0149-7634(88)80004-6. PMID 3050629. S2CID 17797005.
Johnson R (2002). "The concept of sickness behavior: a brief chronological account of four key discoveries". Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology. 87 (3–4): 443–50. doi:10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00069-7. PMID 12072271.
Kelley KW, Bluthe RM, Dantzer R, Zhou JH, Shen WH, Johnson RW, Broussard SR (2003). "Cytokine-induced sickness behavior". Brain Behav Immun. 17 (Suppl 1): S112–18. doi:10.1016/S0889-1591(02)00077-6. PMID 12615196. S2CID 25400611.
Viera AJ (2011). "Predisease: when does it make sense?". Epidemiologic Reviews. 33 (1): 122–34. doi:10.1093/epirev/mxr002. PMID 21624963. S2CID 12090327. When the goal of preventing adverse health outcomes is kept in mind, this review poses the idea that "predisease" as a category on which to act makes sense only if the following 3 conditions are met. First, the people designated as having predisease must be far more likely to develop the disease than those not so designated. Second, there must be a feasible intervention that, when targeted to people with predisease, effectively reduces the likelihood of developing the disease. Third, the benefits of intervening on predisease must outweigh the harms in the population.
Loscalzo J, Kohane I, Barabasi AL (2007). "Human disease classification in the postgenomic era: A complex systems approach to human pathobiology". Molecular Systems Biology. 3 (124): 124. doi:10.1038/msb4100163. ISSN 1744-4292. PMC 1948102. PMID 17625512.
Knappett PS, Escamilla V, Layton A, McKay LD, Emch M, Williams DE, Huq R, Alam J, Farhana L, Mailloux BJ, Ferguson A, Sayler GS, Ahmed KM, van Geen A (1 August 2011). "Impact of population and latrines on fecal contamination of ponds in rural Bangladesh". Science of the Total Environment. 409 (17): 3174–3182. Bibcode:2011ScTEn.409.3174K. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.04.043. PMC 3150537. PMID 21632095.
Marcantonio M, Pascoe E, Baldacchino F (January 2017). "Sometimes Scientists Get the Flu. Wrong…!". Trends in Parasitology. 33 (1): 7–9. doi:10.1016/j.pt.2016.10.005. PMID 27856180.
Mead PS, Slutsker L, Dietz V, McCaig LF, Bresee JS, Shapiro C, Griffin PM, Tauxe RV (October 1999). "Food-Related Illness and Death in the United States". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 5 (5): 607–625. doi:10.3201/eid0505.990502. ISSN 1080-6040. PMC 2627714. PMID 10511517.
van Seventer JM, Hochberg NS (2017), "Principles of Infectious Diseases: Transmission, Diagnosis, Prevention, and Control", International Encyclopedia of Public Health, Elsevier, pp. 22–39, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803678-5.00516-6, ISBN 978-0-12-803708-9, PMC 7150340
Haslam DW, James WP (2005). "Obesity". Lancet. 366 (9492): 1197–209. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67483-1. PMID 16198769. S2CID 208791491.
Gupta N, Gusdorf J (13 July 2023). "Guidance for Physicians on the Yom Kippur Fast". Georgetown Medical Review. 7 (1). doi:10.52504/001c.83342. ISSN 2689-095X.
Rashed AH (29 February 1992). "The fast of Ramadan". BMJ. 304 (6826): 521–522. doi:10.1136/bmj.304.6826.521. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 1881417. PMID 1559053.
Hanne M, Hawken SJ (December 2007). "Metaphors for illness in contemporary media". Med Humanit. 33 (2): 93–99. doi:10.1136/jmh.2006.000253. PMID 23674429. S2CID 207000141.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Knappett PS, Escamilla V, Layton A, McKay LD, Emch M, Williams DE, Huq R, Alam J, Farhana L, Mailloux BJ, Ferguson A, Sayler GS, Ahmed KM, van Geen A (1 August 2011). "Impact of population and latrines on fecal contamination of ponds in rural Bangladesh". Science of the Total Environment. 409 (17): 3174–3182. Bibcode:2011ScTEn.409.3174K. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.04.043. PMC 3150537. PMID 21632095.

ifrc.org

"Our work at a glance". IFRC.

medicinenet.com

Shiel WC Jr (20 June 2019). "Definition of Flare". MedicineNet. Archived from the original on 23 January 2020. Retrieved 21 December 2019.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Emson HE (April 1987). "Health, disease and illness: matters for definition". CMAJ. 136 (8): 811–13. PMC 1492114. PMID 3567788.
McWhinney IR (April 1987). "Health and disease: problems of definition". CMAJ. 136 (8): 815. PMC 1492121. PMID 3567791.
Hart BL (1988). "Biological basis of the behavior of sick animals". Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 12 (2): 123–37. doi:10.1016/S0149-7634(88)80004-6. PMID 3050629. S2CID 17797005.
Johnson R (2002). "The concept of sickness behavior: a brief chronological account of four key discoveries". Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology. 87 (3–4): 443–50. doi:10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00069-7. PMID 12072271.
Kelley KW, Bluthe RM, Dantzer R, Zhou JH, Shen WH, Johnson RW, Broussard SR (2003). "Cytokine-induced sickness behavior". Brain Behav Immun. 17 (Suppl 1): S112–18. doi:10.1016/S0889-1591(02)00077-6. PMID 12615196. S2CID 25400611.
Viera AJ (2011). "Predisease: when does it make sense?". Epidemiologic Reviews. 33 (1): 122–34. doi:10.1093/epirev/mxr002. PMID 21624963. S2CID 12090327. When the goal of preventing adverse health outcomes is kept in mind, this review poses the idea that "predisease" as a category on which to act makes sense only if the following 3 conditions are met. First, the people designated as having predisease must be far more likely to develop the disease than those not so designated. Second, there must be a feasible intervention that, when targeted to people with predisease, effectively reduces the likelihood of developing the disease. Third, the benefits of intervening on predisease must outweigh the harms in the population.
Loscalzo J, Kohane I, Barabasi AL (2007). "Human disease classification in the postgenomic era: A complex systems approach to human pathobiology". Molecular Systems Biology. 3 (124): 124. doi:10.1038/msb4100163. ISSN 1744-4292. PMC 1948102. PMID 17625512.
Knappett PS, Escamilla V, Layton A, McKay LD, Emch M, Williams DE, Huq R, Alam J, Farhana L, Mailloux BJ, Ferguson A, Sayler GS, Ahmed KM, van Geen A (1 August 2011). "Impact of population and latrines on fecal contamination of ponds in rural Bangladesh". Science of the Total Environment. 409 (17): 3174–3182. Bibcode:2011ScTEn.409.3174K. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.04.043. PMC 3150537. PMID 21632095.
Marcantonio M, Pascoe E, Baldacchino F (January 2017). "Sometimes Scientists Get the Flu. Wrong…!". Trends in Parasitology. 33 (1): 7–9. doi:10.1016/j.pt.2016.10.005. PMID 27856180.
Mead PS, Slutsker L, Dietz V, McCaig LF, Bresee JS, Shapiro C, Griffin PM, Tauxe RV (October 1999). "Food-Related Illness and Death in the United States". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 5 (5): 607–625. doi:10.3201/eid0505.990502. ISSN 1080-6040. PMC 2627714. PMID 10511517.
Haslam DW, James WP (2005). "Obesity". Lancet. 366 (9492): 1197–209. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67483-1. PMID 16198769. S2CID 208791491.
Rashed AH (29 February 1992). "The fast of Ramadan". BMJ. 304 (6826): 521–522. doi:10.1136/bmj.304.6826.521. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 1881417. PMID 1559053.
Hanne M, Hawken SJ (December 2007). "Metaphors for illness in contemporary media". Med Humanit. 33 (2): 93–99. doi:10.1136/jmh.2006.000253. PMID 23674429. S2CID 207000141.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Emson HE (April 1987). "Health, disease and illness: matters for definition". CMAJ. 136 (8): 811–13. PMC 1492114. PMID 3567788.
McWhinney IR (April 1987). "Health and disease: problems of definition". CMAJ. 136 (8): 815. PMC 1492121. PMID 3567791.
Loscalzo J, Kohane I, Barabasi AL (2007). "Human disease classification in the postgenomic era: A complex systems approach to human pathobiology". Molecular Systems Biology. 3 (124): 124. doi:10.1038/msb4100163. ISSN 1744-4292. PMC 1948102. PMID 17625512.
Knappett PS, Escamilla V, Layton A, McKay LD, Emch M, Williams DE, Huq R, Alam J, Farhana L, Mailloux BJ, Ferguson A, Sayler GS, Ahmed KM, van Geen A (1 August 2011). "Impact of population and latrines on fecal contamination of ponds in rural Bangladesh". Science of the Total Environment. 409 (17): 3174–3182. Bibcode:2011ScTEn.409.3174K. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.04.043. PMC 3150537. PMID 21632095.
Mead PS, Slutsker L, Dietz V, McCaig LF, Bresee JS, Shapiro C, Griffin PM, Tauxe RV (October 1999). "Food-Related Illness and Death in the United States". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 5 (5): 607–625. doi:10.3201/eid0505.990502. ISSN 1080-6040. PMC 2627714. PMID 10511517.
van Seventer JM, Hochberg NS (2017), "Principles of Infectious Diseases: Transmission, Diagnosis, Prevention, and Control", International Encyclopedia of Public Health, Elsevier, pp. 22–39, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803678-5.00516-6, ISBN 978-0-12-803708-9, PMC 7150340
Rashed AH (29 February 1992). "The fast of Ramadan". BMJ. 304 (6826): 521–522. doi:10.1136/bmj.304.6826.521. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 1881417. PMID 1559053.

science.education.nih.gov

"Mental Illness – Glossary". US National Institute of Mental Health. Archived from the original on 28 May 2010. Retrieved 18 April 2010.

nytimes.com

Tuller, David (4 March 2011). "Defining an illness is fodder for debate". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 3 January 2017.

newoldage.blogs.nytimes.com

Span, Paula (22 April 2014). "Fighting Words Are Rarer Among British Doctors". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2 July 2014.

regentsprep.org

"Regents Prep: Living Environment: Homeostasis". Oswego City School District Regents Exam Prep Center. Archived from the original on 25 October 2012. Retrieved 12 November 2012.

scholasticahq.com

gmr.scholasticahq.com

Gupta N, Gusdorf J (13 July 2023). "Guidance for Physicians on the Yom Kippur Fast". Georgetown Medical Review. 7 (1). doi:10.52504/001c.83342. ISSN 2689-095X.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Hart BL (1988). "Biological basis of the behavior of sick animals". Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 12 (2): 123–37. doi:10.1016/S0149-7634(88)80004-6. PMID 3050629. S2CID 17797005.
Kelley KW, Bluthe RM, Dantzer R, Zhou JH, Shen WH, Johnson RW, Broussard SR (2003). "Cytokine-induced sickness behavior". Brain Behav Immun. 17 (Suppl 1): S112–18. doi:10.1016/S0889-1591(02)00077-6. PMID 12615196. S2CID 25400611.
Viera AJ (2011). "Predisease: when does it make sense?". Epidemiologic Reviews. 33 (1): 122–34. doi:10.1093/epirev/mxr002. PMID 21624963. S2CID 12090327. When the goal of preventing adverse health outcomes is kept in mind, this review poses the idea that "predisease" as a category on which to act makes sense only if the following 3 conditions are met. First, the people designated as having predisease must be far more likely to develop the disease than those not so designated. Second, there must be a feasible intervention that, when targeted to people with predisease, effectively reduces the likelihood of developing the disease. Third, the benefits of intervening on predisease must outweigh the harms in the population.
Haslam DW, James WP (2005). "Obesity". Lancet. 366 (9492): 1197–209. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67483-1. PMID 16198769. S2CID 208791491.
Hanne M, Hawken SJ (December 2007). "Metaphors for illness in contemporary media". Med Humanit. 33 (2): 93–99. doi:10.1136/jmh.2006.000253. PMID 23674429. S2CID 207000141.

slate.com

Lenzer J (14 August 2012). "Blood pressure drugs for mild hypertension: Not proven to prevent heart attacks, strokes, or early death". Slate. Archived from the original on 15 August 2012. Retrieved 16 August 2012.

statcan.gc.ca

www23.statcan.gc.ca

"Hospital Morbidity Database (HMDB)". statcan.gc.ca. Statistics Canada. 24 October 2007. Archived from the original on 30 June 2016. Retrieved 21 September 2015.

tgb.com.au

White T (19 December 2014). "What is the Difference Between an "Injury" and "Disease" for Comcare Commonwealth Compensation Claims?". Tindall Gask Bentley. Archived from the original on 27 October 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2017.

thefreedictionary.com

medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com

"illness". Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. Elsevier. 2007. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2017 – via medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com.
"morbidity". Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. Elsevier. 2007. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2017 – via medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com.
"clinical disease". Mosby's Medical Dictionary (9th ed.). Elsevier. 2009. Archived from the original on 23 June 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2017 – via medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com. a stage in the history of a pathological condition that begins with anatomical or physiological changes that are sufficient to produce recognizable signs and symptoms of a disease
"definition of subclinical". Archived from the original on 28 September 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2017 – via The Free Dictionary.

theinsurancepage.co.uk

"Expat Insurance Glossary by The Insurance Page". Archived from the original on 27 October 2008. Retrieved 20 November 2008.

u-szeged.hu

cab.u-szeged.hu

Gerten-Jackson C. "The Tuscan General Alessandro del Borro". Archived from the original on 2 May 2009.

un.org

Nations U. "LIFESTYLE DISEASES: An Economic Burden on the Health Services". United Nations. Retrieved 14 February 2024.

web.archive.org

"Disease" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
White T (19 December 2014). "What is the Difference Between an "Injury" and "Disease" for Comcare Commonwealth Compensation Claims?". Tindall Gask Bentley. Archived from the original on 27 October 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
"What is the deadliest disease in the world?". WHO. 16 May 2012. Archived from the original on 17 December 2014. Retrieved 7 December 2014.
"Mental Illness – Glossary". US National Institute of Mental Health. Archived from the original on 28 May 2010. Retrieved 18 April 2010.
"Regents Prep: Living Environment: Homeostasis". Oswego City School District Regents Exam Prep Center. Archived from the original on 25 October 2012. Retrieved 12 November 2012.
"illness". Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. Elsevier. 2007. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2017 – via medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com.
"sickness" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
Sefton P (21 November 2011). "Condition, Disease, Disorder". AMA Style Insider. American Medical Association. Archived from the original on 20 August 2019. Retrieved 20 August 2019.
"Expat Insurance Glossary by The Insurance Page". Archived from the original on 27 October 2008. Retrieved 20 November 2008.
"morbidity". Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. Elsevier. 2007. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2017 – via medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com.
Kirch W (13 June 2008). Encyclopedia of Public Health: Volume 1: A – H Volume 2: I – Z. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 966. ISBN 978-1-4020-5613-0. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
Lenzer J (14 August 2012). "Blood pressure drugs for mild hypertension: Not proven to prevent heart attacks, strokes, or early death". Slate. Archived from the original on 15 August 2012. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
"clinical disease". Mosby's Medical Dictionary (9th ed.). Elsevier. 2009. Archived from the original on 23 June 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2017 – via medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com. a stage in the history of a pathological condition that begins with anatomical or physiological changes that are sufficient to produce recognizable signs and symptoms of a disease
Shiel WC Jr (20 June 2019). "Definition of Flare". MedicineNet. Archived from the original on 23 January 2020. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
"definition of subclinical". Archived from the original on 28 September 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2017 – via The Free Dictionary.
"Human disease – Pathogenesis, Etiology, Resistance, and Immunity | Britannica". britannica.com. Archived from the original on 26 May 2023. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
"Social determinants of health". www.who.int. Archived from the original on 1 November 2022. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
Hardy, Paul A., Hardy, Paul A. J. (1997). Chronic Pain Management: The Essentials. Cambridge University Press. p. 10. ISBN 978-1-900151-85-6. OCLC 36881282. Archived from the original on 3 October 2015.
Tuller, David (4 March 2011). "Defining an illness is fodder for debate". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 3 January 2017.
"National Hospital Morbidity Database". aihw.gov.au. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Archived from the original on 13 August 2013. Retrieved 11 July 2013.
"Hospital Morbidity Database (HMDB)". statcan.gc.ca. Statistics Canada. 24 October 2007. Archived from the original on 30 June 2016. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
"European Hospital Morbidity Database". who.int. World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 2 September 2013.
"Disease and injury regional estimates for 2004". who.int. World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 24 December 2010. Standard DALYs (3% discounting, age weights). Also DALY spreadsheet and YLL spreadsheet.
Gerten-Jackson C. "The Tuscan General Alessandro del Borro". Archived from the original on 2 May 2009.

who.int

"What is the deadliest disease in the world?". WHO. 16 May 2012. Archived from the original on 17 December 2014. Retrieved 7 December 2014.
"Social determinants of health". www.who.int. Archived from the original on 1 November 2022. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
"Disease information". www.who.int. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
"Non communicable diseases". www.who.int. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
"Disease and injury regional estimates for 2004". who.int. World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 24 December 2010. Standard DALYs (3% discounting, age weights). Also DALY spreadsheet and YLL spreadsheet.

data.euro.who.int

"European Hospital Morbidity Database". who.int. World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 2 September 2013.

worldcat.org

Loscalzo J, Kohane I, Barabasi AL (2007). "Human disease classification in the postgenomic era: A complex systems approach to human pathobiology". Molecular Systems Biology. 3 (124): 124. doi:10.1038/msb4100163. ISSN 1744-4292. PMC 1948102. PMID 17625512.
Mead PS, Slutsker L, Dietz V, McCaig LF, Bresee JS, Shapiro C, Griffin PM, Tauxe RV (October 1999). "Food-Related Illness and Death in the United States". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 5 (5): 607–625. doi:10.3201/eid0505.990502. ISSN 1080-6040. PMC 2627714. PMID 10511517.
Hardy, Paul A., Hardy, Paul A. J. (1997). Chronic Pain Management: The Essentials. Cambridge University Press. p. 10. ISBN 978-1-900151-85-6. OCLC 36881282. Archived from the original on 3 October 2015.
Gupta N, Gusdorf J (13 July 2023). "Guidance for Physicians on the Yom Kippur Fast". Georgetown Medical Review. 7 (1). doi:10.52504/001c.83342. ISSN 2689-095X.
Rashed AH (29 February 1992). "The fast of Ramadan". BMJ. 304 (6826): 521–522. doi:10.1136/bmj.304.6826.521. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 1881417. PMID 1559053.
Martin, Judith (2005). Miss Manners' Guide to Excruciatingly Correct Behavior. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. p. 703. ISBN 978-0-393-05874-1. OCLC 57549405.
Gwyn, Richard (1999). "10". In Cameron, Lynne, Low, Graham (eds.). Researching and applying metaphor. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-64964-3. OCLC 40881885.
Diedrich, Lisa (2007). Treatments: language, politics, and the culture of illness. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. pp. 8, 29. ISBN 978-0-8166-4697-5. OCLC 601862594.