Djibouti (English Wikipedia)

Bansal, Ridhima (23 September 2011). "Current Development Projects and Future Opportunities in Djibouti". Association of African Entrepreneurs. Archived from the original on 27 March 2013. Retrieved 26 February 2013.

adi.dj

"Constitution de la République de Djibouti" (in French). Agence Djiboutienne d'Information. Archived from the original on 25 November 2012. Retrieved 30 March 2013.

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"M. Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed, grand commis de l'Etat et nouveau Premier ministre djiboutien". Adjib. Archived from the original on 1 January 2014. Retrieved 1 April 2013.

africanews.com

"Djibouti President Guelleh wins election with 98%, provisional results". Africanews. n.d.
"Africa News: The China Merchants in Djibouti: from the maritime to the digital silk roads (by Thierry Pairault)". Archived from the original on 15 January 2021. Retrieved 20 January 2021.

allafrica.com

"Sudan: President Al-Bashir Congratulates Djibouti President On His Re-Election". Sudan News Agency. 20 April 2011. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
"Somalia: UN Envoy Says Inauguration of New Parliament in Somalia 'Historic Moment'". Forum on China-Africa Cooperation. 21 August 2012. Archived from the original on 14 October 2012. Retrieved 24 August 2012.

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archives-ouvertes.fr

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Imbert-Vier 2008, pp. 226–29. Imbert-Vier, Simon (2008). Frontières et limites à Djibouti durant la période coloniale (1884–1977) (PhD thesis). Université de Provence–Aix-Marseille I.

awdalpress.com

"FRENCH SOMALI COAST 1708 – 1946 FRENCH SOMALI COAST | Awdalpress.com". Archived from the original on 9 June 2013. Retrieved 19 April 2013. FRENCH SOMALI COAST Timeline

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"Bridge of the Horns, Cities of Light: Will They Ever Actually Be Built?". The Basement Geographer. WordPress. 27 June 2011. Archived from the original on 28 August 2013. Retrieved 1 September 2015.

bbc.com

"Djibouti media guide". BBC News. 20 December 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2023.

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"Djibouti – Culture Overview". Expedition Earth. Archived from the original on 27 February 2004. Retrieved 28 September 2005. – Website no longer exists; link is to Internet Archive

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N.Y.), Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York (2008). Beyond Babylon: Art, Trade, and Diplomacy in the Second Millennium B.C. Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 361. ISBN 978-1-58839-295-4.
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Connah, Graham (2004). Forgotten Africa: An Introduction to Its Archaeology. Routledge. p. 46. ISBN 978-1134403035. Archived from the original on 14 September 2014. Retrieved 7 September 2014.
Universität Frankfurt am Main (2003). Journal of African Archaeology, Volumes 1–2. Africa Manga Verlag. p. 230. ISBN 9783937248004. Archived from the original on 14 September 2014. Retrieved 7 September 2014.
Finneran, Niall (2013). The Archaeology of Ethiopia. Routledge. p. 86. ISBN 978-1136755521. Retrieved 29 December 2016.
Lewis, I. M. (1 January 1999). A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa. James Currey Publishers. ISBN 9780852552803.
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Briggs, Phillip (2012). Somaliland. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 7. ISBN 978-1841623719. Archived from the original on 12 October 2014. Retrieved 21 December 2016.
Encyclopedia Americana, Volume 25. Americana Corporation. 1965. p. 255.
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Houtsma, M. Th (1987). E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936. BRILL. pp. 125–126. ISBN 9004082654.
Lewis, I. M. (1999). A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa. James Currey Publishers. p. 17. ISBN 0852552807.
Fukui, Katsuyoshi (1997). Ethiopia in broader perspective: papers of the XIIIth International Conference of Ethiopian Studies Kyoto 12–17 December 1997. Shokado Book Sellers. p. 370. ISBN 4879749761. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
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Kueny, Kathryn (2004). "Abraham's Test: Islamic Male Circumcision as Anti/Ante-Covenantal Practice". In Reeves, John C. (ed.). Bible and Qurʼān: Essays in Scriptural Intertextuality. Symposium Series (Society of Biblical Literature). Vol. 24. Leiden: Brill Publishers. pp. 161–173. ISBN 90-04-12726-7. ISSN 1569-3627. Archived from the original on 30 September 2021. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
Compact Atlas of the World. Penguin. 2012. p. 138. ISBN 978-0756698591. Archived from the original on 11 October 2014. Retrieved 20 February 2016.
Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ʻAbd al-Qādir ʻArabfaqīh (2003). The conquest of Abyssinia: 16th century. Translated by Paul Stenhouse; Richard Pankhurst. Tsehai Publishers & Distributors. p. 77. ISBN 9780972317269. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015.

britannica.com

Cutbill, Catherine C.; Schraeder, Peter J. (22 August 2019). "Djibouti: Language". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 18 December 2020.

businessdailyafrica.com

"Djibouti banking boom attracts foreign investors". Reuters. 23 March 2010. Archived from the original on 26 May 2013. Retrieved 27 February 2013.

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Cheney, David M. "Diocese of Djibouti". Catholic-hierarchy.org. Archived from the original on 12 March 2013. Retrieved 28 February 2013.

cbsnews.com

"The world's enduring dictators". CBS News. May 16, 2011.

chathamhouse.org

Styan, David (April 2013). "Djibouti: Changing Influence in the Horn's Strategic Hub". Chatham House. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 November 2013. Retrieved 15 August 2018.

cia.gov

"Djibouti". The World Factbook. CIA. 5 February 2013. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
"Djibouti". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 22 June 2023.
"Gini Index coefficient". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
"Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments". CIA. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 23 November 2016.
DIRECTORATE OF INTELLIGENCE, INTELLIGENCE MEMORANDUM (1967). "French Somaliland" (PDF). Intelligence Memorandum. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 January 2017.

cinematreasures.org

"Movie theaters in Djibouti, Djibouti". Cinema Treasures. Archived from the original on 24 November 2016. Retrieved 24 November 2016.

citypopulation.de

"Djibouti: Regions, Major Cities & Towns – Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". citypopulation.de.

cnbc.com

Chandran, Nyshka (27 June 2018). "China increases defense ties with Africa". www.cnbc.com. Archived from the original on 16 December 2018. Retrieved 14 December 2018.

constituteproject.org

"Djibouti's Constitution of 1992 with Amendments through 2010" (PDF). Constitute. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 June 2016. Retrieved 19 July 2016.

cri.cn

english.cri.cn

"Djibouti, China Sign 64 mln USD Agreement to Facilitate Salt Export". Xinhua News Agency. 20 November 2012. Archived from the original on 24 February 2014. Retrieved 27 February 2013.

defaakto.com

"Djibouti, Foreign Military Bases on the Horn of Africa; Who is there? What are they up to?". 2 January 2019.

discoverfrance.net

"Image of Djibouti women in head-dresses". discoverfrance.net. Archived from the original on 14 June 2007. Retrieved 31 May 2007.

doi.org

Mastro, Oriana Skylar (3 March 2020). "All in the Family: North Korea and the Fate of Hereditary Autocratic Regimes". Survival. 62 (2): 103–124. doi:10.1080/00396338.2020.1739951. S2CID 216340612.
Diamond J, Bellwood P (2003) Farmers and Their Languages: The First Expansions SCIENCE 300, doi:10.1126/science.1078208
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Fattovich, Rodolfo (1987). "Some remarks on the origins of the Aksumite Stelae" (PDF). Annales d'Éthiopie. 14 (14): 43–69. doi:10.3406/ethio.1987.931. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 7 September 2014.
Henri, Brunschwig (1968). "Histoire Africaine". Cahiers d'Études africaines. 8 (29): 32–47. doi:10.3406/cea.1968.3123.
Ebsworth 1953, p. 564. Ebsworth, W. A. (1953). "Jibouti and Madagascar in the 1939–45 War". Journal of the Royal United Service Institution. 98 (592): 564–68. doi:10.1080/03071845309422199.
Manighetti, Isabelle; Tapponnier, Paul; Courtillot, Vincent; Gruszow, Sylvie; Gillot, Pierre-Yves (1997). "Propagation of rifting along the Arabia-Somalia plate boundary: The gulfs of Aden and Tadjoura". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 102 (B2): 2681–2710. Bibcode:1997JGR...102.2681M. doi:10.1029/96JB01185.
Hayes, Rose Oldfield (1975). "Female genital mutilation, fertility control, women's roles, and the patrilineage in modern Sudan: a functional analysis". American Ethnologist. 2 (4): 617–633. doi:10.1525/ae.1975.2.4.02a00030.

ecoi.net

State, US Department of (11 March 2020). "Country Report on Human Rights Practices 2019 – Djibouti". state.gov.

eiu.com

"Democracy Index 2020". Economist Intelligence Unit. Retrieved 17 December 2021.

ethiosports.com

"Ethiosport launch of the train to Djibouti". ethiosports.com. 1 January 2018. Archived from the original on 14 March 2018. Retrieved 14 March 2018.

ethnologue.com

"Djibouti – Languages". Ethnologue. Archived from the original on 10 September 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2016.

euromoneycountryrisk.com

"Euromoney Country Risk". Euromoney Institutional Investor PLC. Archived from the original on 30 July 2011. Retrieved 15 August 2011.

freedomhouse.org

"Djibouti". Freedom House. 17 January 2012. Archived from the original on 25 October 2012. Retrieved 30 March 2013.

frontafrique.org

djibouti.frontafrique.org

"Tracer des frontières à Djibouti". djibouti.frontafrique.org.

geonames.org

Highest Mountains in Djibouti Archived 16 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine. geonames.org

goobjoog.com

"Djibouti government reaches deal to bring opposition into parliament". Goobjoog. 30 December 2014. Archived from the original on 1 January 2015. Retrieved 1 January 2015.

google.co.uk

"Djibouti Population". World Bank. Archived from the original on 26 October 2015. Retrieved 26 October 2015.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Manighetti, Isabelle; Tapponnier, Paul; Courtillot, Vincent; Gruszow, Sylvie; Gillot, Pierre-Yves (1997). "Propagation of rifting along the Arabia-Somalia plate boundary: The gulfs of Aden and Tadjoura". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 102 (B2): 2681–2710. Bibcode:1997JGR...102.2681M. doi:10.1029/96JB01185.

cid.harvard.edu

Eric Werker; Amrita Ahuja; Brian Wendell. "Male Circumcision and AIDS: The Macroeconomic Impact of a Health Crisis" (PDF). NEUDC 2007 Papers :: Northeast Universities Development Consortium Conference: Center for International Development at Harvard Un. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 27 April 2011.

historyorb.com

"Today in Djibouti History". Historyorb.com. Archived from the original on 16 May 2011. Retrieved 27 April 2011.

igad.int

"Joint statement of the international observer missions of the Djibouti presidential elections held on April 08, 2011". Intergovernmental Authority on Development. 10 April 2011. Archived from the original on 16 June 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2013. In view of the foregoing, the international mission found that the election of 8 April 2011 was peaceful, calm, fair, transparent and took place in dignity. It declares that the election was free and democratic.

imf.org

"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Djibouti)". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. 10 October 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.

infodev.org

Hare, Harry (2007) ICT in Education in Djibouti Archived 16 December 2009 at the Wayback Machine, World Bank

irinnews.org

"DJIBOUTI: Guelleh sworn in for second presidential term". IRIN Africa. 9 May 2005. Archived from the original on 29 November 2006. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
"Republic of Djibouti: Humanitarian Country Profile". IRIN. February 2007. Archived from the original on 17 February 2010. Retrieved 20 June 2010.
"DJIBOUTI: Women fight mutilation". IRIN. 12 July 2005. Archived from the original on 16 May 2011. Retrieved 27 April 2011.

jstor.org

Clarke, Walter S. (1991). "The 'Esayi Dream: A Footnote to the Ogaden War". Northeast African Studies. 13 (1): 29–38. ISSN 0740-9133. JSTOR 43660335.

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Légion-Étrangère. Légion-Étrangère. 2000. p. 2. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 3 May 2017.

lntreasures.com

"Djibouti". Living National Treasures. Archived from the original on 3 August 2013. Retrieved 27 February 2013.

loc.gov

lcweb2.loc.gov

"A Country Study: Somalia from The Library of Congress". Lcweb2.loc.gov. Archived from the original on 9 January 2009. Retrieved 27 April 2011.

middle-east-online.com

"Djibouti validates presidential election". Middle East Online. 13 April 2011. Archived from the original on 2 June 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2013.

nationsonline.org

"Islamic World". Nations Online. Retrieved 20 March 2022.

nytimes.com

"French Envoy in Somalia Held by Anti-Paris Group". The New York Times. 25 March 1975.
Jacobs, Andrew; Perlez, Jane (25 February 2017). "U.S. Wary of Its New Neighbor in Djibouti: A Chinese Naval Base". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 14 May 2017. Retrieved 17 May 2017.

onceinalifetimejourney.com

"Things to do in Djibouti". onceinalifetimejourney. 14 March 2018. Archived from the original on 14 March 2018. Retrieved 14 March 2018.

oxfordbusinessgroup.com

"Diversification key to expansion of Djibouti's energy sector". Oxford Business Group. 16 March 2016. Archived from the original on 3 November 2017. Retrieved 25 February 2018.

oxfordreference.com

Everett-Heath, John (22 May 2014). "Djibouti". The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (3 ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-175139-4. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 5 March 2019. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)

persee.fr

Fattovich, Rodolfo (1987). "Some remarks on the origins of the Aksumite Stelae" (PDF). Annales d'Éthiopie. 14 (14): 43–69. doi:10.3406/ethio.1987.931. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 7 September 2014.
Henri, Brunschwig (1968). "Histoire Africaine". Cahiers d'Études africaines. 8 (29): 32–47. doi:10.3406/cea.1968.3123.

pewforum.org

USA (9 August 2012). "Religious Identity Among Muslims | Pew Research Center". Pewforum.org. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
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ponarseurasia.org

Mylonas, Harris. "De Facto States Unbound – PONARS Eurasia". PONARS Eurasia. Retrieved 8 April 2022.

prntscr.com

image.prntscr.com

"Image: The Travels of Al-Yaqubi". Image.prntsacr.com. Archived from the original (PNG) on 12 November 2021. Retrieved 28 November 2018.

refworld.org

Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Refworld | Somalia: Information on the Issa and the Issaq". Refworld. Retrieved 10 October 2021.

reuters.com

"Ethiopia signs Djibouti railway deal with China". Reuters. 17 December 2011. Retrieved 11 December 2019.

rogerblench.info

Blench, Roger (2006). "The Afro-Asiatic Languages: Classification and Reference List" (PDF). p. 3.

sabahionline.com

Mohamed, Mahmoud (17 September 2012). "Presidential inauguration ushers in new era for Somalia". Sabahi. Archived from the original on 22 October 2012. Retrieved 30 September 2012.

scmp.com

"African Nation of Djibouti banks on Chinese tourists". South China Morning Post. 17 April 2017. Archived from the original on 14 March 2018.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Mastro, Oriana Skylar (3 March 2020). "All in the Family: North Korea and the Fate of Hereditary Autocratic Regimes". Survival. 62 (2): 103–124. doi:10.1080/00396338.2020.1739951. S2CID 216340612.

somavires.org

The Rise and Fall of the Somalia Airforce: A Diary Reflection Archived 26 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine

steelguru.com

"Phase I of Yemen and Djibouti Causeway delayed". Steelguru.com. 22 June 2010. Archived from the original on 5 April 2016. Retrieved 24 March 2016.

theculturetrip.com

Boujrada, Zineb (2 March 2018). "How Djibouti Got Its Unique Name". The Culture Trip. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 4 March 2019.

un.org

population.un.org

"World Population Prospects 2022". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
"World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" (XSLX) ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 17 July 2022.

un.org

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unhcr.org

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. "Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, "Djibouti: Situation and treatment of Christians, including instances of discrimination or violence; effectiveness of recourse available in cases of mistreatment; problems that a Muslim can face if he or she converts to Christianity or marries a Christian (2000–2009)", 5 August 2009". Unhcr.org. Archived from the original on 10 May 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2010.

univ-orleans.fr

Le système informel de transferts de fonds et le mécanisme automatique du Currency Board : complémentarité ou antagonisme ? Le cas des transferts des hawalas à Djibouti Archived 24 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine. univ-orleans.fr

usaid.gov

eastafrica.usaid.gov

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weatherbase.com

"Weatherbase : Djibouti". Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 1 July 2015.

web.archive.org

"Today in Djibouti History". Historyorb.com. Archived from the original on 16 May 2011. Retrieved 27 April 2011.
"United Nations member states". United Nations. Archived from the original on 30 December 2013. Retrieved 27 April 2011.
Everett-Heath, John (22 May 2014). "Djibouti". The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (3 ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-175139-4. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 5 March 2019. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
Boujrada, Zineb (2 March 2018). "How Djibouti Got Its Unique Name". The Culture Trip. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 4 March 2019.
Blench, R. (2006). Archaeology, Language, and the African Past. Rowman Altamira. pp. 143–144. ISBN 978-0759104662. Archived from the original on 14 September 2014. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
Walter Raunig, Steffen Wenig (2005). Afrikas Horn. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 439. ISBN 978-3447051750. Archived from the original on 14 September 2014. Retrieved 7 September 2014.
Connah, Graham (2004). Forgotten Africa: An Introduction to Its Archaeology. Routledge. p. 46. ISBN 978-1134403035. Archived from the original on 14 September 2014. Retrieved 7 September 2014.
Universität Frankfurt am Main (2003). Journal of African Archaeology, Volumes 1–2. Africa Manga Verlag. p. 230. ISBN 9783937248004. Archived from the original on 14 September 2014. Retrieved 7 September 2014.
Briggs, Phillip (2012). Somaliland. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 7. ISBN 978-1841623719. Archived from the original on 12 October 2014. Retrieved 21 December 2016.
"Image: The Travels of Al-Yaqubi". Image.prntsacr.com. Archived from the original (PNG) on 12 November 2021. Retrieved 28 November 2018.
"A Country Study: Somalia from The Library of Congress". Lcweb2.loc.gov. Archived from the original on 9 January 2009. Retrieved 27 April 2011.
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"FRENCH SOMALI COAST 1708 – 1946 FRENCH SOMALI COAST | Awdalpress.com". Archived from the original on 9 June 2013. Retrieved 19 April 2013. FRENCH SOMALI COAST Timeline
Barrington, Lowell (2006) After Independence: Making and Protecting the Nation in Postcolonial and Postcommunist States Archived 5 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine. University of Michigan Press. p. 115. ISBN 0472068989
Africa Research, Ltd (1966). Africa Research Bulletin, Volume 3. Blackwell. p. 597. Archived from the original on 30 January 2015. Retrieved 18 December 2014.
Légion-Étrangère. Légion-Étrangère. 2000. p. 2. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
"Djibouti's Constitution of 1992 with Amendments through 2010" (PDF). Constitute. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 June 2016. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
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"Djibouti validates presidential election". Middle East Online. 13 April 2011. Archived from the original on 2 June 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
"Joint statement of the international observer missions of the Djibouti presidential elections held on April 08, 2011". Intergovernmental Authority on Development. 10 April 2011. Archived from the original on 16 June 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2013. In view of the foregoing, the international mission found that the election of 8 April 2011 was peaceful, calm, fair, transparent and took place in dignity. It declares that the election was free and democratic.
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"Djibouti Is Hot". Bloomberg.com. Archived from the original on 4 October 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
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Styan, David (April 2013). "Djibouti: Changing Influence in the Horn's Strategic Hub". Chatham House. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 November 2013. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
Chandran, Nyshka (27 June 2018). "China increases defense ties with Africa". www.cnbc.com. Archived from the original on 16 December 2018. Retrieved 14 December 2018.
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