Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Dodola and Perperuna" in English language version.
Ljeti, kad zategnu suše, pošle bi našim selima Prporuše moliti od Boga kišu. Posvuda su Hrvatskom išle Prporuše, a običaj je to prastar — iz pretkršćanskih vremena — ali lijep, pa ga kršćani odobrili, preuzeli i još dotjerali. U stara vremena Prporuše su bile veoma nalik nekom pobožnom obredu, tek poslije su predvodnici — Prpci— počeli suviše lakrdijati, a Prporušama ko da je više do darova, nego do lijepa pjevanja i molitve.
Thus, during the festival welcoming the spring, the Avars made ... In the ritual of summoning rains there figured a specially made doll called Dodola ... The Dagestan doll Dodola and the ritual strikingly resemble the Balkan rituals for summoning rain, whereby girls called Dodola would undressed and put on leaves, flowers and herbs to perform the rainmaking ceremony. The Balkan Dodola is regarded as being connected with the Slavic cult of the thunder-god Perun (cf. Tokarev 1991: 391).
Im Sommer, wenn dem Getreide wegen der Dürre Gefabr bevorzustehen fcheinet, ziehen die Landleute einem kleinen Ragdchen, welches noch nicht über zehen Jahr alt ist, ein Hemde an, welches aus Blattern von Baumen und Srantern gemacht wird. Alle andere Ragdchen und stnaben vol gleiechem Alter folgen ihr, und siehen mit Tanzen und Singen durch die ganze Racharfchaft; wo sie aber hin komuien, da pflegen ihnen die alten Weiber kalt Wasser auf den Stopf zu gieffen. Das Lied, welches fie fingen, ist ohngefähr von folegendem Innbalte: "Papaluga! steige nech dem Himmel, öffne feine Thüren, fend von oben Regen ber, daß der Roggen, Weizen, Hirfe u. f. w. gut wachsen."
Čini mi se da je već nestalo prporuše i na otoku Krku, a bijaše još nedavno poznata svuda po zapadnim stranama hrvatskog naroda, dok je po drugim krajevima živjela dodola. Nego i za dodolu već malo gdje znadu. Tako mi piše iz Vir‐Pazara g. L. Jovović, koga sam pitao, da li još Crnogorci poznaju koledu...
...in 1765, a Greek law book from Bucharest quotes the 62nd Canon of the Trullanum in order to forbid public dancing by girls in a custom well known throughout the Balkans as 'paparuda', 'perperuna' or 'dodole', a ritual processional rain dance.
Naša doda moli Boga (Otok, Slavonia, 1881, sken ID: IEF_RKP_N0096_0_155; IEF_RKP_N0096_0_156A) - Ide doda preko sela (Erdevik, Srijem, 1885, sken ID: IEF_RKP_N0096_0_163; IEF_RKP_N0096_0_164A) - Filip i Jakob, Koleda na kišu (Gibarac, Srijem, 1886, sken ID: IEF_RKP_N0096_0_165; IEF_RKP_N0096_0_166A)
Type II in the classification (that is, the procession with a doll, or chomcha gelin, and its sub-group, which consists in a real child's proceeding through the neighborhood) ... Although the same ceremony is performed in other parts of Turkey, the ladle bride is given different names: Bodi Bodi among the Karalar Turkmen tribe in Adana province, Dodo or Dodu in Kars ... As the type spreads toward the west, sub-type (a) becomes dominant and (b) disappears. In Bulgaria, the girl who visits the houses during the ceremony is called doldol or Perperuga.46 In Greece, the ceremony is sometimes incorporated into the Epiphany, the ritual throwing of the cross into a river, or sometimes is performed as an independent rain ritual.47 In Yugoslavia, the Turks, Serbians, and the Albanians practice the ritual, naming it dodola or dodoliče (little dodola).48 The ritual is known in Hungary and is performed there under the name of doldola, being especially common in villages inhabited by Gypsies and Serbians.49 The custom has spread to Rumania, but there the chomcha gelin is replaced by a coffin with a clay figure in it. This is reminiscent of Type II in Iran.50 The chomcha gelin is also observed in Iraq among the Kerkuk Turkmens, who call it "the bride with ladle" (Chomchalı Gelin).51 In Syria, the Arabs call the doll Umm al-Guys ("mother of rain").52 The Christians in Syria practice the ceremony and call the doll "the bride of God".53 In North Africa, the doll is called "the mother of Bangau",54 and a similar symbol carried during the ritual is called Al Gonja.55 In Uzbekistan, Turks and Tajiks perform the ritual, calling the doll suskhatun (probably meaning "water woman").56
As a consequence of the relatively early Christianisation of the Southern Slavs, there are no more direct accounts in relation to Perun from the Balkans. Nevertheless, as late as the first half of the 12th century, in Bulgaria and Macedonia, peasants performed a certain ceremony meant to induce rain. A central figure in the rite was a young girl called Perperuna, a name clearly related to Perun. At the same time, the association of Perperuna with rain shows conceptual similarities with the Indian god Parjanya. There was a strong Slavic penetration of Albania, Greece and Romania, between the 6th and 10th centuries. Not surprisingly the folklore of northern Greece also knows Perperuna, Albanians know Pirpirúnă, and also the Romanians have their Perperona.90 Also, in a certain Bulgarian folk riddle the word perušan is a substitute for the Bulgarian word гърмомеҽица (grmotevitsa) for thunder.91 Moreover, the name of Perun is also commonly found in Southern Slavic toponymy. There are places called: Perun, Perunac, Perunovac, Perunika, Perunićka Glava, Peruni Vrh, Perunja Ves, Peruna Dubrava, Perunuša, Perušice, Perudina and Perutovac.92
...in 1765, a Greek law book from Bucharest quotes the 62nd Canon of the Trullanum in order to forbid public dancing by girls in a custom well known throughout the Balkans as 'paparuda', 'perperuna' or 'dodole', a ritual processional rain dance.
Type II in the classification (that is, the procession with a doll, or chomcha gelin, and its sub-group, which consists in a real child's proceeding through the neighborhood) ... Although the same ceremony is performed in other parts of Turkey, the ladle bride is given different names: Bodi Bodi among the Karalar Turkmen tribe in Adana province, Dodo or Dodu in Kars ... As the type spreads toward the west, sub-type (a) becomes dominant and (b) disappears. In Bulgaria, the girl who visits the houses during the ceremony is called doldol or Perperuga.46 In Greece, the ceremony is sometimes incorporated into the Epiphany, the ritual throwing of the cross into a river, or sometimes is performed as an independent rain ritual.47 In Yugoslavia, the Turks, Serbians, and the Albanians practice the ritual, naming it dodola or dodoliče (little dodola).48 The ritual is known in Hungary and is performed there under the name of doldola, being especially common in villages inhabited by Gypsies and Serbians.49 The custom has spread to Rumania, but there the chomcha gelin is replaced by a coffin with a clay figure in it. This is reminiscent of Type II in Iran.50 The chomcha gelin is also observed in Iraq among the Kerkuk Turkmens, who call it "the bride with ladle" (Chomchalı Gelin).51 In Syria, the Arabs call the doll Umm al-Guys ("mother of rain").52 The Christians in Syria practice the ceremony and call the doll "the bride of God".53 In North Africa, the doll is called "the mother of Bangau",54 and a similar symbol carried during the ritual is called Al Gonja.55 In Uzbekistan, Turks and Tajiks perform the ritual, calling the doll suskhatun (probably meaning "water woman").56
...već se miču niz Okić put naše šljive dvije u zeleno zavite dodole. S ovoga dodolskoga dualizma sjetih se odmah kakvi zecevi u tom grmu idu, i moja me nada ne prevari. Eto ti pred nas dva naša junaka, ne kao dodole, kao bradurina i trbušina, već kao pravi pravcati bogovi – kao Bako i Gambrinus... Naša dva boga, u zeleno zavita, podijeliše društvu svoj blagoslov, te bjehu sa živim usklikom primljeni. No i ova mitologička šala i mrcvarenje božanske poezije po našem generalkvartirmeštru pobudi bogove na osvetu; nad našim glavama zgrnuše se oblaci, i naskoro udari kiša.
Type II in the classification (that is, the procession with a doll, or chomcha gelin, and its sub-group, which consists in a real child's proceeding through the neighborhood) ... Although the same ceremony is performed in other parts of Turkey, the ladle bride is given different names: Bodi Bodi among the Karalar Turkmen tribe in Adana province, Dodo or Dodu in Kars ... As the type spreads toward the west, sub-type (a) becomes dominant and (b) disappears. In Bulgaria, the girl who visits the houses during the ceremony is called doldol or Perperuga.46 In Greece, the ceremony is sometimes incorporated into the Epiphany, the ritual throwing of the cross into a river, or sometimes is performed as an independent rain ritual.47 In Yugoslavia, the Turks, Serbians, and the Albanians practice the ritual, naming it dodola or dodoliče (little dodola).48 The ritual is known in Hungary and is performed there under the name of doldola, being especially common in villages inhabited by Gypsies and Serbians.49 The custom has spread to Rumania, but there the chomcha gelin is replaced by a coffin with a clay figure in it. This is reminiscent of Type II in Iran.50 The chomcha gelin is also observed in Iraq among the Kerkuk Turkmens, who call it "the bride with ladle" (Chomchalı Gelin).51 In Syria, the Arabs call the doll Umm al-Guys ("mother of rain").52 The Christians in Syria practice the ceremony and call the doll "the bride of God".53 In North Africa, the doll is called "the mother of Bangau",54 and a similar symbol carried during the ritual is called Al Gonja.55 In Uzbekistan, Turks and Tajiks perform the ritual, calling the doll suskhatun (probably meaning "water woman").56
As a consequence of the relatively early Christianisation of the Southern Slavs, there are no more direct accounts in relation to Perun from the Balkans. Nevertheless, as late as the first half of the 12th century, in Bulgaria and Macedonia, peasants performed a certain ceremony meant to induce rain. A central figure in the rite was a young girl called Perperuna, a name clearly related to Perun. At the same time, the association of Perperuna with rain shows conceptual similarities with the Indian god Parjanya. There was a strong Slavic penetration of Albania, Greece and Romania, between the 6th and 10th centuries. Not surprisingly the folklore of northern Greece also knows Perperuna, Albanians know Pirpirúnă, and also the Romanians have their Perperona.90 Also, in a certain Bulgarian folk riddle the word perušan is a substitute for the Bulgarian word гърмомеҽица (grmotevitsa) for thunder.91 Moreover, the name of Perun is also commonly found in Southern Slavic toponymy. There are places called: Perun, Perunac, Perunovac, Perunika, Perunićka Glava, Peruni Vrh, Perunja Ves, Peruna Dubrava, Perunuša, Perušice, Perudina and Perutovac.92
