Drowning (English Wikipedia)

American College of Emergency Physicians Press Release (11 July 2017). "Death After Swimming Is Extremely Rare and is NOT Dry Drowning". www.acep.org. American College of Emergency Physicians. Archived from the original on 7 August 2017. Retrieved 25 August 2017.

ahajournals.org (Global: 3,608^th place; English: 6,526^th place)

circ.ahajournals.org

"2005 ILCOR resuscitation guidelines" (PDF). Circulation. 112 (22 supplement). 29 November 2005. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.166480. S2CID 247579422. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 February 2008. Retrieved 17 February 2008. There is insufficient evidence to recommend for or against the use of oxygen by the first aid provider.

allheadlinenews.com (Global: low place; English: 8,567^th place)

"UNICEF Says Injuries A Fatal Problem For Asian Children". All Headline News. 13 March 2008. Archived from the original on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 5 October 2010.

angloinfo.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Piscines, Cheminées Villas. "Swimming Pool Laws". Angloinfo France. Archived from the original on 3 December 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2020.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Butler, Daniel Allen (1998). Unsinkable: The Full Story of RMS Titanic. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. ISBN 978-0-8117-1814-1.

bbc.com (Global: 20^th place; English: 30^th place)

"واکنش‌ها به غرق شدن یک کودک دیگر هنگام برداشتن آب در سیستان و بلوچستان". BBC News (in Persian). Retrieved 10 August 2023.

bmj.com (Global: 1,226^th place; English: 1,421^st place)

bmj.com

Handley, Anthony J. (16 April 2014). "Drowning". BMJ. 348: bmj.g1734. doi:10.1136/bmj.g1734. ISSN 0959-8138. PMID 24740929. S2CID 220103200. Archived from the original on 5 March 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)

bestpractice.bmj.com

"Drowning - Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment". BMJ Best Practice. Archived from the original on 3 December 2018. Retrieved 3 December 2018.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Ferri, Fred F. (2017). Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2018 E-Book: 5 Books in 1. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 404. ISBN 9780323529570.
Gulli, Benjamin; Ciatolla, Joseph A.; Barnes, Leaugeay (2011). Emergency Care and Transportation of the Sick and Injured. Sudbury, Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlett. p. 1157. ISBN 9780763778286. Archived from the original on 25 November 2017.
Gorman, Mark (2008). Jose Biller (ed.). Interface of Neurology and Internal Medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 702–6. ISBN 978-0-7817-7906-7. Archived from the original on 19 June 2013. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
DiMaio, Dominick; DiMaio, Vincent J.M. (28 June 2001). Forensic Pathology (2nd ed.). Taylor & Francis. pp. 405–. ISBN 978-0-8493-0072-1. Archived from the original on 19 June 2013. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
Sanders, Mick J.; Lewis, Lawrence M.; Quick, Gary (1 August 2020). Mosby's Paramedic Textbook - Mick J. Sanders, Lawrence M. Lewis, Gary Quick - Google Books. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. ISBN 9780323072755. Archived from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
McKenna, Kim D. (2011). Mosby's paramedic textbook. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. pp. 1262–6. ISBN 978-0-323-07275-5. Archived from the original on 19 June 2013. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
Halkerston, Peter (1829). A Translation and Explanation of the principal technical Terms and Phrases used in Mr. Erskine's Institute of the Law of Scotland ... With an index materiarum and the Latin maxims in law and equity most in use (2nd ed.). Edinborough: Peter Halkerston. p. 29. Archived from the original on 25 November 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017.

cdc.gov (Global: 218^th place; English: 212^th place)

"Drowning". CDC. 15 September 2017. Archived from the original on 10 May 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
Staff (23 September 2014). "Drowning". CDC Tip sheets. Atlanta. Georgia: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Archived from the original on 3 February 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
Staff (28 April 2016). "Unintentional Drowning: Get the Facts". Home and Recreational Safety. Atlanta, Georgia: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
Gilcrest, Julia; Parker, Erin (May 2014). "Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Fatal Unintentional Drowning Among Persons Aged ≤29 Years — United States, 1999–2010". Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Archived from the original on 10 November 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Water-Related Injuries". Archived from the original on 14 February 2020. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
"Global Drowning Research & Prevention | Drowning Prevention | CDC". www.cdc.gov. 17 June 2021. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
"Drowning". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 23 September 2014. Archived from the original on 10 May 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
Clemens, Tessa (2021). "Persistent Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Fatal Unintentional Drowning Rates Among Persons Aged ≤29 Years — United States, 1999–2019". MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 70 (24): 869–874. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7024a1. ISSN 0149-2195. PMC 8220955. PMID 34138831.

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my.clevelandclinic.org

"Cerebral Cortex: What It Is, Function & Location". Cleveland Clinic. Retrieved 17 September 2022.

dailytimes.com.pk (Global: 1,625^th place; English: 890^th place)

"19 women killed as wedding boat capsizes in Sadiqabad". Daily Times. 19 July 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

doi.org

Handley, AJ (16 April 2014). "Drowning". BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 348: g1734. doi:10.1136/bmj.g1734. PMID 24740929. S2CID 220103200.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death (17 December 2014). "Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". The Lancet. 385 (9963): 117–171. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. PMC 4340604. PMID 25530442.
Handley, Anthony J. (16 April 2014). "Drowning". BMJ. 348: bmj.g1734. doi:10.1136/bmj.g1734. ISSN 0959-8138. PMID 24740929. S2CID 220103200. Archived from the original on 5 March 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
Watila, Musa M.; Balarabe, Salisu A.; Ojo, Olubamiwo; Keezer, Mark R.; Sander, Josemir W. (October 2018). "Overall and cause-specific premature mortality in epilepsy: A systematic review" (PDF). Epilepsy & Behavior. 87: 213–225. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.07.017. ISSN 1525-5050. PMID 30154056. S2CID 52114431.
Hamilton, Kyra; Keech, Jacob J.; Peden, Amy E.; Hagger, Martin S. (3 June 2018). "Alcohol use, aquatic injury, and unintentional drowning: A systematic literature review". Drug and Alcohol Review. 37 (6): 752–773. doi:10.1111/dar.12817. hdl:10072/382200. ISSN 0959-5236. PMID 29862582. S2CID 44151090. Archived from the original on 14 March 2021. Retrieved 12 July 2019.
Kenny D, Martin R (January 2011). "Drowning and sudden cardiac death". Arch Dis Child. 96 (1): 5–8. doi:10.1136/adc.2010.185215. PMID 20584851.
Tipton, M. J. (1989). "The initial responses to cold-water immersion in man". Clinical Science. 77 (6): 581–8. doi:10.1042/cs0770581. ISSN 0143-5221. PMID 2691172.
Tipton, Michael J.; Golden, Frank St C. (2011). "A proposed decision-making guide for the search, rescue and resuscitation of submersion (head under) victims based on expert opinion". Resuscitation. 82 (7): 819–824. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2011.02.021. ISSN 1873-1570. PMID 21458133.
Szpilman, David; Bierens, Joost J.L.M.; Handley, Anthony J.; Orlowski, James P. (4 October 2012). "Drowning". The New England Journal of Medicine. 366 (22): 2102–10. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1013317. PMID 22646632.
Jin, Faguang; Li, Congcong (5 April 2017). "Seawater-drowning-induced acute lung injury: From molecular mechanisms to potential treatments". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine. 13 (6): 2591–8. doi:10.3892/etm.2017.4302. PMC 5450642. PMID 28587319.
Bierens JJ, Lunetta P, Tipton M, Warner DS (March 2016). "Physiology Of Drowning: A Review". Physiology (Bethesda). 31 (2): 147–66. doi:10.1152/physiol.00002.2015. PMID 26889019.
Michelet, Pierre; Dusart, Marion; Boiron, Laurence; Marmin, Julien; Mokni, Tarak; Loundou, Anderson; Coulange, Mathieu; Markarian, Thibaut (3 August 2018). "Drowning in fresh or salt water". European Journal of Emergency Medicine. 26 (5): 340–4. doi:10.1097/mej.0000000000000564. ISSN 0969-9546. PMID 30080702. S2CID 51929866.
Tipton, Mike (1 December 2003). "Cold water immersion: sudden death and prolonged survival". The Lancet. 362: s12 – s13. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15057-X. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 14698111. S2CID 44633363.
Mackensen, G. B.; McDonagh, D. L.; Warner, D. S. (March 2009). "Perioperative hypothermia: use and therapeutic implications". J. Neurotrauma. 26 (3): 342–58. doi:10.1089/neu.2008.0596. PMID 19231924.
Shattock, Michael J.; Tipton, Michael J. (14 June 2012). "'Autonomic conflict': a different way to die during cold water immersion?". The Journal of Physiology. 590 (14): 3219–30. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2012.229864. ISSN 0022-3751. PMC 3459038. PMID 22547634.
Tipton, M.J.; Collier, N.; Massey, H.; Corbett, J.; Harper, M. (21 September 2017). "Cold water immersion: kill or cure?". Experimental Physiology. 102 (11): 1335–55. doi:10.1113/ep086283. ISSN 0958-0670. PMID 28833689. Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
Schmidt, AC; Sempsrott JR; Hawkins SC (2016). "Wilderness Medical Society Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Drowning". Wilderness & Environmental Medicine. 27 (2): 236–51. doi:10.1016/j.wem.2015.12.019. PMID 27061040. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
Borius, Pierre-Yves (3 December 2009). "Cervical spine injuries resulting from diving accidents in swimming pools: outcome of 34 patients". European Spine Journal. 19 (4): 552–7. doi:10.1007/s00586-009-1230-3. PMC 2899837. PMID 19956985.
Näyhä, Simo (18 December 2007). "Heat mortality in Finland in the 2000s". International Journal of Circumpolar Health. 66 (5): 418–424. doi:10.3402/ijch.v66i5.18313. PMID 18274207. S2CID 6762672.
Bain, Eva (20 June 2018). "Drowning in epilepsy: A population-based case series". Epilepsy Research. 145: 123–6. doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2018.06.010. PMID 29957568. S2CID 49591807. Archived from the original on 14 March 2021. Retrieved 29 September 2020 – via Science Direct.
Thompson, D. C.; Rivara, F. P. (2000). "Pool fencing for preventing drowning in children". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2010 (2): CD001047. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001047. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 8407364. PMID 10796742.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
DeNicola, L. K.; Falk, J. L.; Swanson, M. E.; Gayle, M. O.; Kissoon, N. (July 1997). "Submersion injuries in children and adults". Critical Care Clinics. 13 (3): 477–502. doi:10.1016/s0749-0704(05)70325-0. ISSN 0749-0704. PMID 9246527.
Franklin, Richard; Pearn, John (26 October 2010). "Drowning for love: the aquatic victim-instead-of-rescuer syndrome: drowning fatalities involving those attempting to rescue a child" (PDF). Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. 47 (1–2): 44–47. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1754.2010.01889.x. PMID 20973865. S2CID 205470277. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 May 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
"2005 ILCOR resuscitation guidelines" (PDF). Circulation. 112 (22 supplement). 29 November 2005. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.166480. S2CID 247579422. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 February 2008. Retrieved 17 February 2008. There is insufficient evidence to recommend for or against the use of oxygen by the first aid provider.
Hughes, S. K.; Nilsson, D. E.; Boyer, R. S.; Bolte, R. G.; Hoffman, R. O.; Lewine, J. D.; Bigler, E. D. (2002). "Neurodevelopmental outcome for extended cold water drowning: A longitudinal case study". Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society. 8 (4): 588–596. doi:10.1017/s1355617702814370. PMID 12030312. S2CID 23780668.
Rivers JF, Orr G, Lee HA (April 1970). "Drowning. Its clinical sequelae and management". Br Med J. 2 (5702): 157–61. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5702.157. PMC 1699975. PMID 4909451.
Suominen, Pertti K.; Vähätalo, Raisa (15 August 2012). "Neurologic long term outcome after drowning in children". Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. 20 (55): 55. doi:10.1186/1757-7241-20-55. ISSN 1757-7241. PMC 3493332. PMID 22894549.
Quan, Linda; Wentz, Kim R.; Gore, Edmond J.; Copass, Michael K. (1 October 1990). "Outcome and Predictors of Outcome in Pediatric Submersion Victims Receiving Prehospital Care in King County, Washington". Pediatrics. 86 (4): 586–593. doi:10.1542/peds.86.4.586. ISSN 0031-4005. PMID 2216625. S2CID 7375830.
Ibsen, Laura M.; Koch, Thomas (November 2002). "Submersion and asphyxial injury". Critical Care Medicine. 30 (Supplement): S402 – S408. doi:10.1097/00003246-200211001-00004. ISSN 0090-3493. PMID 12528781.
Bierens, Joost J. L.M.; Knape, Johannes T.A.; Gelissen, Harry P. M.M. (December 2002). "Drowning". Current Opinion in Critical Care. 8 (6): 578–586. doi:10.1097/00075198-200212000-00016. ISSN 1070-5295. PMID 12454545.
Zeraati, Abbas Ali; Amini, Shahram; Mortazi, Hasan; Zeraati, Tina; Zeraati, Dorsa (1 May 2018). "Sp238The Effect of Selenium on Prevention of Acute Kidney Injury After On-Pump Cardiac Surgery". Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. 33 (suppl_1): i423 – i424. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfy104.sp238. ISSN 0931-0509.
Burnay, Carolina; Anderson, David I.; Button, Chris; Cordovil, Rita; Peden, Amy E. (11 April 2022). "Infant Drowning Prevention: Insights from a New Ecological Psychology Approach". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 19 (8): 4567. doi:10.3390/ijerph19084567. ISSN 1660-4601. PMC 9029552. PMID 35457435.
Lozano, R.; Naghavi, M.; Foreman, K.; Lim, S.; Shibuya, K.; Aboyans, V.; Abraham, J.; Adair, T.; Aggarwal, R.; Ahn, S.Y.; Alvarado, M.; Anderson, H.R.; Anderson, L.M.; Andrews, K.G.; Atkinson, C.; Baddour, L.M.; Barker-Collo, S.; Bartels, D.H.; Bell, M.L.; Benjamin, E.J.; Bennett, D.; Bhalla, K.; Bikbov, B.; Bin Abdulhak, A.; Birbeck, G.; Blyth, F.; Bolliger, I.; Boufous, S.; Bucello, C.; et al. (15 December 2012). "Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010". The Lancet. 380 (9859): 2095–128. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0. hdl:10536/DRO/DU:30050819. PMC 10790329. PMID 23245604. S2CID 1541253. Archived from the original on 19 May 2020. Retrieved 27 August 2020.
Committee on injury, violence, and poison prevention (2010). "Policy Statement—Prevention of Drowning". Pediatrics. 126 (1): 178–185. doi:10.1542/peds.2010-1264. PMID 20498166.
Franklin, Richard Charles; Peden, Amy E.; Hamilton, Erin B.; Bisignano, Catherine; Castle, Chris D.; Dingels, Zachary V.; Hay, Simon I.; Liu, Zichen; Mokdad, Ali H.; Roberts, Nicholas L.S.; Sylte, Dillon O. (October 2020). "The burden of unintentional drowning: global, regional and national estimates of mortality from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study". Injury Prevention. 26 (Supp 1): i83 – i95. doi:10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043484. ISSN 1475-5785. PMC 7571364. PMID 32079663.
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Dandona, Rakhi; Kumar, G. Anil; George, Sibin; Kumar, Amit; Dandona, Lalit (October 2019). "Risk profile for drowning deaths in children in the Indian state of Bihar: results from a population-based study". Injury Prevention. 25 (5): 364–371. doi:10.1136/injuryprev-2018-042743. ISSN 1475-5785. PMC 6839727. PMID 29778993.
Miller, Lauren; Alele, Faith; Emeto, Theophilus; Franklin, Richard (25 September 2019). "Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Measures for Preventing Drowning in Africa: A Systematic Review". Medicina. 55 (10): 637. doi:10.3390/medicina55100637. ISSN 1648-9144. PMC 6843779. PMID 31557943.
Clemens, Tessa (2021). "Persistent Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Fatal Unintentional Drowning Rates Among Persons Aged ≤29 Years — United States, 1999–2019". MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 70 (24): 869–874. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7024a1. ISSN 0149-2195. PMC 8220955. PMID 34138831.
Szpilman, D; Bierens JL; Handley A; Orlowski JP (2012). "Drowning". New England Journal of Medicine. 10 (2): 2102–10. doi:10.1056/nejmra1013317. PMID 22646632.
Idris, AH (2003). "Recommended Guidelines for Uniform Reporting of Data from Drowning". Circulation. 108 (20): 2565–74. doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000099581.70012.68. PMID 14623794.
"2005 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care". Circulation. 112 (24): IV–133–IV–135. 2005. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.166565.
Tobin, JM; Rossano JW; Wernicki PG (2017). "Dry Drowning: A Distinction without a Difference". Resuscitation. 118: e5 – e6. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2017.06.023. PMID 28655623.
Burr, David; Stetson, Chess; Fiesta, Matthew P.; Eagleman, David M. (2007). "Does Time Really Slow Down during a Frightening Event?". PLOS ONE. 2 (12): e1295. Bibcode:2007PLoSO...2.1295S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001295. PMC 2110887. PMID 18074019.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
Tipton, Michael; Montgomery, Hugh (2022). "The experience of drowning". Medico-Legal Journal. 90 (1): 17–26. doi:10.1177/00258172211053127. PMC 8928428. PMID 34791956.

dx.doi.org

Quan, Linda; Wentz, Kim R.; Gore, Edmond J.; Copass, Michael K. (1 October 1990). "Outcome and Predictors of Outcome in Pediatric Submersion Victims Receiving Prehospital Care in King County, Washington". Pediatrics. 86 (4): 586–593. doi:10.1542/peds.86.4.586. ISSN 0031-4005. PMID 2216625. S2CID 7375830.
Bierens, Joost J. L.M.; Knape, Johannes T.A.; Gelissen, Harry P. M.M. (December 2002). "Drowning". Current Opinion in Critical Care. 8 (6): 578–586. doi:10.1097/00075198-200212000-00016. ISSN 1070-5295. PMID 12454545.

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emergencycareforyou.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Death After Swimming is Extremely Rare – And is NOT "Dry Drowning"". American College of Emergency Physicians. Archived from the original on 21 October 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2017.

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hdl.handle.net

Hamilton, Kyra; Keech, Jacob J.; Peden, Amy E.; Hagger, Martin S. (3 June 2018). "Alcohol use, aquatic injury, and unintentional drowning: A systematic literature review". Drug and Alcohol Review. 37 (6): 752–773. doi:10.1111/dar.12817. hdl:10072/382200. ISSN 0959-5236. PMID 29862582. S2CID 44151090. Archived from the original on 14 March 2021. Retrieved 12 July 2019.
Lozano, R.; Naghavi, M.; Foreman, K.; Lim, S.; Shibuya, K.; Aboyans, V.; Abraham, J.; Adair, T.; Aggarwal, R.; Ahn, S.Y.; Alvarado, M.; Anderson, H.R.; Anderson, L.M.; Andrews, K.G.; Atkinson, C.; Baddour, L.M.; Barker-Collo, S.; Bartels, D.H.; Bell, M.L.; Benjamin, E.J.; Bennett, D.; Bhalla, K.; Bikbov, B.; Bin Abdulhak, A.; Birbeck, G.; Blyth, F.; Bolliger, I.; Boufous, S.; Bucello, C.; et al. (15 December 2012). "Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010". The Lancet. 380 (9859): 2095–128. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0. hdl:10536/DRO/DU:30050819. PMC 10790329. PMID 23245604. S2CID 1541253. Archived from the original on 19 May 2020. Retrieved 27 August 2020.
Gupta, Medhavi; Bhaumik, Soumyadeep; Roy, Sujoy; Panda, Ranjan Kanti; Peden, Margaret; Jagnoor, Jagnoor (October 2021). "Determining child drowning mortality in the Sundarbans, India: applying the community knowledge approach". Injury Prevention. 27 (5): 413–8. doi:10.1136/injuryprev-2020-043911. hdl:10044/1/98550. ISSN 1475-5785. PMID 32943493. S2CID 221787099.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Burr, David; Stetson, Chess; Fiesta, Matthew P.; Eagleman, David M. (2007). "Does Time Really Slow Down during a Frightening Event?". PLOS ONE. 2 (12): e1295. Bibcode:2007PLoSO...2.1295S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001295. PMC 2110887. PMID 18074019.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)

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researchonline.jcu.edu.au

Franklin, Richard; Pearn, John (26 October 2010). "Drowning for love: the aquatic victim-instead-of-rescuer syndrome: drowning fatalities involving those attempting to rescue a child" (PDF). Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. 47 (1–2): 44–47. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1754.2010.01889.x. PMID 20973865. S2CID 205470277. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 May 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2021.

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Ibsen, Laura M.; Koch, Thomas (November 2002). "Submersion and asphyxial injury". Critical Care Medicine. 30 (Supplement): S402 – S408. doi:10.1097/00003246-200211001-00004. ISSN 0090-3493. PMID 12528781.
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yahoo.com (Global: 38^th place; English: 40^th place)

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"New drones can drop life jackets to swimmers in trouble". Yahoo News. 2021. Archived from the original on 18 June 2021. Retrieved 4 May 2024.

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