Drowning (English Wikipedia)

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Burr, David; Stetson, Chess; Fiesta, Matthew P.; Eagleman, David M. (2007). "Does Time Really Slow Down during a Frightening Event?". PLOS ONE. 2 (12) e1295. Bibcode:2007PLoSO...2.1295S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001295. PMC 2110887. PMID 18074019.

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"2005 ILCOR resuscitation guidelines" (PDF). Circulation. 112 (22 supplement). 29 November 2005. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.166480. S2CID 247579422. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 February 2008. Retrieved 17 February 2008. There is insufficient evidence to recommend for or against the use of oxygen by the first aid provider.

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"UNICEF Says Injuries A Fatal Problem For Asian Children". All Headline News. 13 March 2008. Archived from the original on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 5 October 2010.

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Piscines, Cheminées Villas. "Swimming Pool Laws". Angloinfo France. Archived from the original on 3 December 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2020.

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Butler, Daniel Allen (1998). Unsinkable: The Full Story of RMS Titanic. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. ISBN 978-0-8117-1814-1.

bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; English: 23^rd place)

"واکنش‌ها به غرق شدن یک کودک دیگر هنگام برداشتن آب در سیستان و بلوچستان". BBC News Persian (in Persian). Retrieved 10 August 2023.

bmj.com (Global: 1,341^st place; English: 1,425^th place)

bmj.com

Handley, Anthony J. (16 April 2014). "Drowning". BMJ. 348 bmj.g1734. doi:10.1136/bmj.g1734. ISSN 0959-8138. PMID 24740929. S2CID 220103200. Archived from the original on 5 March 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2020.

bestpractice.bmj.com

"Drowning - Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment". BMJ Best Practice. Archived from the original on 3 December 2018. Retrieved 3 December 2018.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Ferri, Fred F. (2017). Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2018 E-Book: 5 Books in 1. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 404. ISBN 978-0-323-52957-0.
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DiMaio, Dominick; DiMaio, Vincent J.M. (28 June 2001). Forensic Pathology (2nd ed.). Taylor & Francis. pp. 405–. ISBN 978-0-8493-0072-1. Archived from the original on 19 June 2013. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
Sanders, Mick J.; Lewis, Lawrence M.; Quick, Gary (1 August 2020). Mosby's Paramedic Textbook - Mick J. Sanders, Lawrence M. Lewis, Gary Quick - Google Books. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. ISBN 978-0-323-07275-5. Archived from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
McKenna, Kim D. (2011). Mosby's paramedic textbook. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. pp. 1262–6. ISBN 978-0-323-07275-5. Archived from the original on 19 June 2013. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
Halkerston, Peter (1829). A Translation and Explanation of the principal technical Terms and Phrases used in Mr. Erskine's Institute of the Law of Scotland ... With an index materiarum and the Latin maxims in law and equity most in use (2nd ed.). Edinborough: Peter Halkerston. p. 29. Archived from the original on 25 November 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017.

cdc.gov (Global: 251^st place; English: 248^th place)

"Drowning". CDC. 15 September 2017. Archived from the original on 10 May 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
Staff (23 September 2014). "Drowning". CDC Tip sheets. Atlanta. Georgia: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Archived from the original on 3 February 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
Staff (28 April 2016). "Unintentional Drowning: Get the Facts". Home and Recreational Safety. Atlanta, Georgia: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
Gilcrest, Julia; Parker, Erin (May 2014). "Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Fatal Unintentional Drowning Among Persons Aged ≤29 Years — United States, 1999–2010". Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Archived from the original on 10 November 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Water-Related Injuries". Archived from the original on 14 February 2020. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
"Global Drowning Research & Prevention | Drowning Prevention | CDC". www.cdc.gov. 17 June 2021. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
"Drowning". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 23 September 2014. Archived from the original on 10 May 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
Clemens, Tessa (2021). "Persistent Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Fatal Unintentional Drowning Rates Among Persons Aged ≤29 Years — United States, 1999–2019". MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 70 (24): 869–874. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7024a1. ISSN 0149-2195. PMC 8220955. PMID 34138831.

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"Secondary Drowning (Dry Drowning)". Cleveland Clinic. 14 November 2025. Retrieved 12 March 2026.
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Handley, AJ (16 April 2014). "Drowning". BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 348 g1734. doi:10.1136/bmj.g1734. PMID 24740929. S2CID 220103200.
GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death (17 December 2014). "Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". The Lancet. 385 (9963): 117–171. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. PMC 4340604. PMID 25530442.
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Hamilton, Kyra; Keech, Jacob J.; Peden, Amy E.; Hagger, Martin S. (3 June 2018). "Alcohol use, aquatic injury, and unintentional drowning: A systematic literature review". Drug and Alcohol Review. 37 (6): 752–773. doi:10.1111/dar.12817. hdl:10072/382200. ISSN 0959-5236. PMID 29862582. S2CID 44151090. Archived from the original on 14 March 2021. Retrieved 12 July 2019.
Kenny D, Martin R (January 2011). "Drowning and sudden cardiac death". Arch Dis Child. 96 (1): 5–8. doi:10.1136/adc.2010.185215. PMID 20584851.
Tipton, M. J. (1989). "The initial responses to cold-water immersion in man". Clinical Science. 77 (6): 581–8. doi:10.1042/cs0770581. ISSN 0143-5221. PMID 2691172.
Tipton, Michael J.; Golden, Frank St C. (2011). "A proposed decision-making guide for the search, rescue and resuscitation of submersion (head under) victims based on expert opinion". Resuscitation. 82 (7): 819–824. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2011.02.021. ISSN 1873-1570. PMID 21458133.
Szpilman, David; Bierens, Joost J.L.M.; Handley, Anthony J.; Orlowski, James P. (4 October 2012). "Drowning". The New England Journal of Medicine. 366 (22): 2102–10. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1013317. PMID 22646632.
Jin, Faguang; Li, Congcong (5 April 2017). "Seawater-drowning-induced acute lung injury: From molecular mechanisms to potential treatments". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine. 13 (6): 2591–8. doi:10.3892/etm.2017.4302. PMC 5450642. PMID 28587319.
Bierens JJ, Lunetta P, Tipton M, Warner DS (March 2016). "Physiology Of Drowning: A Review". Physiology (Bethesda). 31 (2): 147–66. doi:10.1152/physiol.00002.2015. PMID 26889019.
Michelet, Pierre; Dusart, Marion; Boiron, Laurence; Marmin, Julien; Mokni, Tarak; Loundou, Anderson; Coulange, Mathieu; Markarian, Thibaut (3 August 2018). "Drowning in fresh or salt water". European Journal of Emergency Medicine. 26 (5): 340–4. doi:10.1097/mej.0000000000000564. ISSN 0969-9546. PMID 30080702. S2CID 51929866.
Tipton, Mike (1 December 2003). "Cold water immersion: sudden death and prolonged survival". The Lancet. 362: s12–s13. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15057-X. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 14698111. S2CID 44633363.
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Shattock, Michael J.; Tipton, Michael J. (14 June 2012). "'Autonomic conflict': a different way to die during cold water immersion?". The Journal of Physiology. 590 (14): 3219–30. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2012.229864. ISSN 0022-3751. PMC 3459038. PMID 22547634.
Tipton, M.J.; Collier, N.; Massey, H.; Corbett, J.; Harper, M. (21 September 2017). "Cold water immersion: kill or cure?". Experimental Physiology. 102 (11): 1335–55. doi:10.1113/ep086283. ISSN 0958-0670. PMID 28833689. Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
Schmidt, AC; Sempsrott JR; Hawkins SC (2016). "Wilderness Medical Society Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Drowning". Wilderness & Environmental Medicine. 27 (2): 236–51. doi:10.1016/j.wem.2015.12.019. PMID 27061040. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
Borius, Pierre-Yves (3 December 2009). "Cervical spine injuries resulting from diving accidents in swimming pools: outcome of 34 patients". European Spine Journal. 19 (4): 552–7. doi:10.1007/s00586-009-1230-3. PMC 2899837. PMID 19956985.
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Thompson, D. C.; Rivara, F. P. (2000). "Pool fencing for preventing drowning in children". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2010 (2) CD001047. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001047. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 8407364. PMID 10796742.
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"2005 ILCOR resuscitation guidelines" (PDF). Circulation. 112 (22 supplement). 29 November 2005. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.166480. S2CID 247579422. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 February 2008. Retrieved 17 February 2008. There is insufficient evidence to recommend for or against the use of oxygen by the first aid provider.
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Clemens, Tessa (2021). "Persistent Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Fatal Unintentional Drowning Rates Among Persons Aged ≤29 Years — United States, 1999–2019". MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 70 (24): 869–874. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7024a1. ISSN 0149-2195. PMC 8220955. PMID 34138831.
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