Dry ice (English Wikipedia)

Grundy, W. M.; Young, L. A.; Spencer, J. R.; Johnson, R. E.; Young, E. F.; Buie, M. W. (October 2006). "Distributions of H₂O and CO₂ ices on Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, and Oberon from IRTF/SpeX observations". Icarus. 184 (2): 543–555. arXiv:0704.1525. Bibcode:2006Icar..184..543G. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.04.016. S2CID 12105236.
Cartwright, R. J.; Emery, J. P.; Rivkin, A. S.; Trilling, D. E.; Pinilla-Alonso, N. (2015). "Distribution of CO₂ ice on the large moons of Uranus and evidence for compositional stratification of their near-surfaces". Icarus. 257: 428–456. arXiv:1506.04673. Bibcode:2015Icar..257..428C. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.05.020. ISSN 0019-1035. S2CID 117850580.
Lellouch, E.; de Bergh, C.; Sicardy, B.; Ferron, S.; Käufl, H.-U. (2010). "Detection of CO in Triton's atmosphere and the nature of surface-atmosphere interactions". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 512: L8. arXiv:1003.2866. Bibcode:2010A&A...512L...8L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014339. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 58889896.

bbc.com

"Three die in dry-ice incident at Moscow pool party". BBC News. 29 February 2020. Retrieved 20 February 2023.

bnf.fr

gallica.bnf.fr

Thilorier (1835). "Solidification de l'Acide carbonique". Comptes Rendus (in French). 1: 194–196. Archived from the original on 2010-09-05. Retrieved 2007-07-12. See also: "Solidification of carbonic acid," Archived 2016-05-02 at the Wayback Machine The London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine, 8 : 446–447 (1836).

books.google.com

Yaws 2001, p. 125 Yaws, Carl (2001). Matheson Gas Data Book (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill Professional. ISBN 978-0-07-135854-5. 982 pages. Retrieved 2009-07-27.
Yaws 2001, p. 124 Yaws, Carl (2001). Matheson Gas Data Book (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill Professional. ISBN 978-0-07-135854-5. 982 pages. Retrieved 2009-07-27.
Verma, Khanna & Kapila 2008, p. 161 Verma, N. K.; Khanna, S. K.; Kapila, B. (2008). Comprehensive Chemistry for Class XI. New Delhi: Laxmi Publications. ISBN 978-81-7008-596-6. Retrieved 2009-07-31.
Verma, Khanna & Kapila 2008, p. 163 Verma, N. K.; Khanna, S. K.; Kapila, B. (2008). Comprehensive Chemistry for Class XI. New Delhi: Laxmi Publications. ISBN 978-81-7008-596-6. Retrieved 2009-07-31.
Thilorier (1835). "Solidification de l'Acide carbonique". Comptes Rendus (in French). 1: 194–196. Archived from the original on 2010-09-05. Retrieved 2007-07-12. See also: "Solidification of carbonic acid," Archived 2016-05-02 at the Wayback Machine The London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine, 8 : 446–447 (1836).
McCarthy 1992 McCarthy, Robert E. (1992). Secrets of Hollywood Special Effects. Boston: Focal Press. ISBN 978-0-240-80108-7.
Treloar 2003, p. 528 Treloar, Roy D. (2003). Plumbing Encyclopaedia (3rd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. p. 175. ISBN 978-1-4051-0613-9. Retrieved 2009-07-31.
Horrell, Bill (February 1961). "Dry ice pops off Asphalt Tile". Popular Mechanics. 115 (2): 169. Archived from the original on 2013-06-06. Retrieved 2016-09-23.
Mundis, Warren J. (July 1960). "Dry Ice as a Plumbing Aid". Popular Science. 177 (1): 159. Archived from the original on 2013-06-04. Retrieved 2016-09-23.
Housecroft 2001, p. 410 Housecroft, Catherine; Sharpe, Alan G (2001). Inorganic chemistry. Harlow: Prentice Hall. p. 410. ISBN 978-0-582-31080-3. Retrieved 2009-07-31.

chillistick.com

"Chillistick – Frequently Asked Questions". Chillistick. Retrieved 20 August 2023.

continentalcarbonic.com

"What is Dry Ice?". Continental Carbonic Products, Inc. Archived from the original on 2009-07-27. Retrieved 2009-07-26.

dacocorp.com

"The Polar® Insulated Container System" (PDF). dacocorp.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 June 2021. Retrieved 11 Jan 2020.

dguv.de

gestis.dguv.de

GHS: GESTIS 001120 Archived 2021-12-26 at the Wayback Machine

doi.org

Barber, C R (March 1966). "The sublimation temperature of carbon dioxide". British Journal of Applied Physics. 17 (3): 391–397. Bibcode:1966BJAP...17..391B. doi:10.1088/0508-3443/17/3/312. ISSN 0508-3443. Archived from the original on 2021-06-29. Retrieved 2020-11-15.
Mangan, T.P.; Salzmann, C.G.; Plane, J.M.C.; Murray, B.J. (September 2017). "CO₂ ice structure and density under Martian atmospheric conditions". Icarus. 294: 201–208. Bibcode:2017Icar..294..201M. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2017.03.012.
Killeffer, D.H. (October 1930). "The Growing Industry-Dry-Ice". Industrial & Engineering Chemistry. 22 (10): 1087. doi:10.1021/ie50250a022.
Kuntzleman, Thomas S.; Ford, Nathan; No, Jin-Hwan; Ott, Mark E. (2015-04-14). "A Molecular Explanation of How the Fog Is Produced when Dry Ice Is Placed in Water". Journal of Chemical Education. 92 (4): 643–648. Bibcode:2015JChEd..92..643K. doi:10.1021/ed400754n. ISSN 0021-9584.
Lyell A. (1966). "Management of warts". British Medical Journal. 2 (5529): 1576–9. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5529.1576. PMC 1944935. PMID 5926267.
Byrne, S.; Ingersoll, AP (2003-02-14). "A Sublimation Model for Martian South Polar Ice Features". Science. 299 (5609): 1051–1053. Bibcode:2003Sci...299.1051B. doi:10.1126/science.1080148. PMID 12586939. S2CID 7819614.
Grundy, W. M.; Young, L. A.; Spencer, J. R.; Johnson, R. E.; Young, E. F.; Buie, M. W. (October 2006). "Distributions of H₂O and CO₂ ices on Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, and Oberon from IRTF/SpeX observations". Icarus. 184 (2): 543–555. arXiv:0704.1525. Bibcode:2006Icar..184..543G. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.04.016. S2CID 12105236.
Cartwright, R. J.; Emery, J. P.; Rivkin, A. S.; Trilling, D. E.; Pinilla-Alonso, N. (2015). "Distribution of CO₂ ice on the large moons of Uranus and evidence for compositional stratification of their near-surfaces". Icarus. 257: 428–456. arXiv:1506.04673. Bibcode:2015Icar..257..428C. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.05.020. ISSN 0019-1035. S2CID 117850580.
Lellouch, E.; de Bergh, C.; Sicardy, B.; Ferron, S.; Käufl, H.-U. (2010). "Detection of CO in Triton's atmosphere and the nature of surface-atmosphere interactions". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 512: L8. arXiv:1003.2866. Bibcode:2010A&A...512L...8L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014339. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 58889896.
Li, Wen-Chieh; Ko, Sheung-Fat; Tsai, Chia-Chang; Su, Chin-Tien; Huang, Chao-Cheng; Tiao, Mao-Meng (2004). "Gastric hypothermic injury caused by accidental ingestion of dry ice: endoscopic features". Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 59 (6): 737–738. doi:10.1016/S0016-5107(04)00183-X. PMID 15114328. Retrieved 20 August 2023.

dryice.pk

dryicepk (16 March 2023). "Dry Ice: Uses, Hazards, and Safety Precautions". Dry Ice Pakistan. Emergency Medicine. Retrieved 11 April 2023.

dryiceinfo.com

"Dry Ice Sales – How to sell Dry Ice". dryiceinfo.com. Archived from the original on 13 July 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2015.

engineersedge.com

"Bushing and Plain Bearings Press or Shrink Fit Design and Application – Engineers Edge". engineersedge.com. Archived from the original on 7 July 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2015.

esa.int

"A curious cold layer in the atmosphere of Venus". Archived 2015-12-23 at the Wayback Machine. European Space Agency (1 October 2012).

europa.eu

eur-lex.europa.eu

"Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament". Archived from the original on 2009-08-05. Retrieved 2009-07-31.

faa.gov

"Hazardous Materials Information for Passengers". Federal Aviation Administration. Archived from the original on 2013-12-20. Retrieved 2009-07-26.

giejournal.org

Li, Wen-Chieh; Ko, Sheung-Fat; Tsai, Chia-Chang; Su, Chin-Tien; Huang, Chao-Cheng; Tiao, Mao-Meng (2004). "Gastric hypothermic injury caused by accidental ingestion of dry ice: endoscopic features". Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 59 (6): 737–738. doi:10.1016/S0016-5107(04)00183-X. PMID 15114328. Retrieved 20 August 2023.

globalccsinstitute.com

cdn.globalccsinstitute.com

Good plant design and operation for onshore carbon capture installations and onshore pipelines Archived June 24, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. The Energy Institute. London. September 2010. p. 10

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Barber, C R (March 1966). "The sublimation temperature of carbon dioxide". British Journal of Applied Physics. 17 (3): 391–397. Bibcode:1966BJAP...17..391B. doi:10.1088/0508-3443/17/3/312. ISSN 0508-3443. Archived from the original on 2021-06-29. Retrieved 2020-11-15.
Mangan, T.P.; Salzmann, C.G.; Plane, J.M.C.; Murray, B.J. (September 2017). "CO₂ ice structure and density under Martian atmospheric conditions". Icarus. 294: 201–208. Bibcode:2017Icar..294..201M. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2017.03.012.
Kuntzleman, Thomas S.; Ford, Nathan; No, Jin-Hwan; Ott, Mark E. (2015-04-14). "A Molecular Explanation of How the Fog Is Produced when Dry Ice Is Placed in Water". Journal of Chemical Education. 92 (4): 643–648. Bibcode:2015JChEd..92..643K. doi:10.1021/ed400754n. ISSN 0021-9584.
Byrne, S.; Ingersoll, AP (2003-02-14). "A Sublimation Model for Martian South Polar Ice Features". Science. 299 (5609): 1051–1053. Bibcode:2003Sci...299.1051B. doi:10.1126/science.1080148. PMID 12586939. S2CID 7819614.
Grundy, W. M.; Young, L. A.; Spencer, J. R.; Johnson, R. E.; Young, E. F.; Buie, M. W. (October 2006). "Distributions of H₂O and CO₂ ices on Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, and Oberon from IRTF/SpeX observations". Icarus. 184 (2): 543–555. arXiv:0704.1525. Bibcode:2006Icar..184..543G. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.04.016. S2CID 12105236.
Cartwright, R. J.; Emery, J. P.; Rivkin, A. S.; Trilling, D. E.; Pinilla-Alonso, N. (2015). "Distribution of CO₂ ice on the large moons of Uranus and evidence for compositional stratification of their near-surfaces". Icarus. 257: 428–456. arXiv:1506.04673. Bibcode:2015Icar..257..428C. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.05.020. ISSN 0019-1035. S2CID 117850580.
Lellouch, E.; de Bergh, C.; Sicardy, B.; Ferron, S.; Käufl, H.-U. (2010). "Detection of CO in Triton's atmosphere and the nature of surface-atmosphere interactions". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 512: L8. arXiv:1003.2866. Bibcode:2010A&A...512L...8L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014339. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 58889896.

heraldbusinessjournal.com

Wolcott, John (January 2008). "Ice-blasting firm offers a cool way to clean up". The Daily Herald. Archived from the original on January 9, 2008. Retrieved 2008-01-20.

howstuffworks.com

"How does dry ice work?". HowStuffWorks. April 2000. Archived from the original on 2009-07-17. Retrieved 2009-07-26.

iop.org

iopscience.iop.org

Barber, C R (March 1966). "The sublimation temperature of carbon dioxide". British Journal of Applied Physics. 17 (3): 391–397. Bibcode:1966BJAP...17..391B. doi:10.1088/0508-3443/17/3/312. ISSN 0508-3443. Archived from the original on 2021-06-29. Retrieved 2020-11-15.

irwinmitchell.com

"Specialist Public Health Lawyers Instructed After Dry Ice Cocktail Drank at The Alchemist 'Leaves Man With Severe Stomach Burns'". Irwin Mitchell. 19 September 2017. Retrieved 20 August 2023.

lion.com

"How to Ship Dry Ice by Air". Lion Technology. 2019-10-08. Retrieved 2022-11-30.

livescience.com

Rettner, Rachael (August 2, 2018). "A Woman Died from Dry Ice Fumes. Here's How It Can Happen". Live Science. Retrieved 20 August 2023.

mythbustersresults.com

"Mythbusters episode 57". mythbustersresults.com. Archived from the original on 2009-06-27. Retrieved 2009-07-31.

nationalgeographic.com

news.nationalgeographic.com

Mars Poles Covered by Water Ice, Research Shows. National Geographic. 13 February 2003. Archived from the original on 2009-07-01. Retrieved 2009-07-26.
Dry Ice Storms May Pelt Martian Poles, Experts Say. National Geographic. 19 December 2005. Archived from the original on 2010-09-04. Retrieved 2009-07-26.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Lyell A. (1966). "Management of warts". British Medical Journal. 2 (5529): 1576–9. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5529.1576. PMC 1944935. PMID 5926267.
Reisen WK, Boyce K, Cummings RC, Delgado O, Gutierrez A, Meyer RP, Scott TW (1999). "Comparative effectiveness of three adult mosquito sampling methods in habitats representative of four different biomes of California". J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 15 (1): 24–31. PMID 10342265.
Byrne, S.; Ingersoll, AP (2003-02-14). "A Sublimation Model for Martian South Polar Ice Features". Science. 299 (5609): 1051–1053. Bibcode:2003Sci...299.1051B. doi:10.1126/science.1080148. PMID 12586939. S2CID 7819614.
Li, Wen-Chieh; Ko, Sheung-Fat; Tsai, Chia-Chang; Su, Chin-Tien; Huang, Chao-Cheng; Tiao, Mao-Meng (2004). "Gastric hypothermic injury caused by accidental ingestion of dry ice: endoscopic features". Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 59 (6): 737–738. doi:10.1016/S0016-5107(04)00183-X. PMID 15114328. Retrieved 20 August 2023.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Lyell A. (1966). "Management of warts". British Medical Journal. 2 (5529): 1576–9. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5529.1576. PMC 1944935. PMID 5926267.

nydailynews.com

"City Deploys Dry Ice To Exterminate Rats". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on 2018-03-06. Retrieved 2018-03-06.

psu.edu

personal.psu.edu

"Preparing Competent E. coli with RF1/RF2 solutions". Personal.psu.edu. Archived from the original on 2021-09-23. Retrieved 2009-07-25.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Byrne, S.; Ingersoll, AP (2003-02-14). "A Sublimation Model for Martian South Polar Ice Features". Science. 299 (5609): 1051–1053. Bibcode:2003Sci...299.1051B. doi:10.1126/science.1080148. PMID 12586939. S2CID 7819614.
Grundy, W. M.; Young, L. A.; Spencer, J. R.; Johnson, R. E.; Young, E. F.; Buie, M. W. (October 2006). "Distributions of H₂O and CO₂ ices on Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, and Oberon from IRTF/SpeX observations". Icarus. 184 (2): 543–555. arXiv:0704.1525. Bibcode:2006Icar..184..543G. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.04.016. S2CID 12105236.
Cartwright, R. J.; Emery, J. P.; Rivkin, A. S.; Trilling, D. E.; Pinilla-Alonso, N. (2015). "Distribution of CO₂ ice on the large moons of Uranus and evidence for compositional stratification of their near-surfaces". Icarus. 257: 428–456. arXiv:1506.04673. Bibcode:2015Icar..257..428C. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.05.020. ISSN 0019-1035. S2CID 117850580.
Lellouch, E.; de Bergh, C.; Sicardy, B.; Ferron, S.; Käufl, H.-U. (2010). "Detection of CO in Triton's atmosphere and the nature of surface-atmosphere interactions". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 512: L8. arXiv:1003.2866. Bibcode:2010A&A...512L...8L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014339. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 58889896.

timesonline.co.uk

Blumenthal, Heston (2006-10-29). "How to make the best treacle tart and ice cream in the world". The Sunday Times. London. Archived from the original on 2011-06-29. Retrieved 2007-06-12.

uigi.com

"Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) Properties, Uses, Applications: CO₂ Gas and Liquid Carbon Dioxide". Universal Industrial Gases, Inc. Archived from the original on 2021-02-13. Retrieved 2009-07-26.

usra.edu

lpi.usra.edu

Jian, J. J.; Ip, W. H., eds. (2006). "Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVII (2006) – Observation of the Martian Cryptic Region from Mars Orbiter Camera" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 4 September 2009.

web.archive.org

Barber, C R (March 1966). "The sublimation temperature of carbon dioxide". British Journal of Applied Physics. 17 (3): 391–397. Bibcode:1966BJAP...17..391B. doi:10.1088/0508-3443/17/3/312. ISSN 0508-3443. Archived from the original on 2021-06-29. Retrieved 2020-11-15.
Thilorier (1835). "Solidification de l'Acide carbonique". Comptes Rendus (in French). 1: 194–196. Archived from the original on 2010-09-05. Retrieved 2007-07-12. See also: "Solidification of carbonic acid," Archived 2016-05-02 at the Wayback Machine The London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine, 8 : 446–447 (1836).
"What is Dry Ice?". Continental Carbonic Products, Inc. Archived from the original on 2009-07-27. Retrieved 2009-07-26.
"Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) Properties, Uses, Applications: CO₂ Gas and Liquid Carbon Dioxide". Universal Industrial Gases, Inc. Archived from the original on 2021-02-13. Retrieved 2009-07-26.
Good plant design and operation for onshore carbon capture installations and onshore pipelines Archived June 24, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. The Energy Institute. London. September 2010. p. 10
"How does dry ice work?". HowStuffWorks. April 2000. Archived from the original on 2009-07-17. Retrieved 2009-07-26.
"Dry Ice Sales – How to sell Dry Ice". dryiceinfo.com. Archived from the original on 13 July 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
"The Polar® Insulated Container System" (PDF). dacocorp.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 June 2021. Retrieved 11 Jan 2020.
Newman, Jessie (3 December 2020). "Dry Ice Demand Swells as Covid-19 Vaccines Prepare for Deployment". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
"Cool Uses for Dry Ice". Airgas.com. Archived from the original on 2010-12-01. Retrieved 2009-07-25.
"Preparing Competent E. coli with RF1/RF2 solutions". Personal.psu.edu. Archived from the original on 2021-09-23. Retrieved 2009-07-25.
Blumenthal, Heston (2006-10-29). "How to make the best treacle tart and ice cream in the world". The Sunday Times. London. Archived from the original on 2011-06-29. Retrieved 2007-06-12.
"City Deploys Dry Ice To Exterminate Rats". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on 2018-03-06. Retrieved 2018-03-06.
Horrell, Bill (February 1961). "Dry ice pops off Asphalt Tile". Popular Mechanics. 115 (2): 169. Archived from the original on 2013-06-06. Retrieved 2016-09-23.
Mundis, Warren J. (July 1960). "Dry Ice as a Plumbing Aid". Popular Science. 177 (1): 159. Archived from the original on 2013-06-04. Retrieved 2016-09-23.
Wolcott, John (January 2008). "Ice-blasting firm offers a cool way to clean up". The Daily Herald. Archived from the original on January 9, 2008. Retrieved 2008-01-20.
"All About Ice – Ice Carvings, Vodka Luges, Crushed and Dry Ice". allaboutice.com. Archived from the original on 18 July 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
"Bushing and Plain Bearings Press or Shrink Fit Design and Application – Engineers Edge". engineersedge.com. Archived from the original on 7 July 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
"Mythbusters episode 57". mythbustersresults.com. Archived from the original on 2009-06-27. Retrieved 2009-07-31.
Mars Poles Covered by Water Ice, Research Shows. National Geographic. 13 February 2003. Archived from the original on 2009-07-01. Retrieved 2009-07-26.
Dry Ice Storms May Pelt Martian Poles, Experts Say. National Geographic. 19 December 2005. Archived from the original on 2010-09-04. Retrieved 2009-07-26.
Jian, J. J.; Ip, W. H., eds. (2006). "Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVII (2006) – Observation of the Martian Cryptic Region from Mars Orbiter Camera" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 4 September 2009.
"A curious cold layer in the atmosphere of Venus". Archived 2015-12-23 at the Wayback Machine. European Space Agency (1 October 2012).
GHS: GESTIS 001120 Archived 2021-12-26 at the Wayback Machine
"Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament". Archived from the original on 2009-08-05. Retrieved 2009-07-31.
"Hazardous Materials Information for Passengers". Federal Aviation Administration. Archived from the original on 2013-12-20. Retrieved 2009-07-26.

worldcat.org

Barber, C R (March 1966). "The sublimation temperature of carbon dioxide". British Journal of Applied Physics. 17 (3): 391–397. Bibcode:1966BJAP...17..391B. doi:10.1088/0508-3443/17/3/312. ISSN 0508-3443. Archived from the original on 2021-06-29. Retrieved 2020-11-15.
Kuntzleman, Thomas S.; Ford, Nathan; No, Jin-Hwan; Ott, Mark E. (2015-04-14). "A Molecular Explanation of How the Fog Is Produced when Dry Ice Is Placed in Water". Journal of Chemical Education. 92 (4): 643–648. Bibcode:2015JChEd..92..643K. doi:10.1021/ed400754n. ISSN 0021-9584.
Cartwright, R. J.; Emery, J. P.; Rivkin, A. S.; Trilling, D. E.; Pinilla-Alonso, N. (2015). "Distribution of CO₂ ice on the large moons of Uranus and evidence for compositional stratification of their near-surfaces". Icarus. 257: 428–456. arXiv:1506.04673. Bibcode:2015Icar..257..428C. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.05.020. ISSN 0019-1035. S2CID 117850580.
Lellouch, E.; de Bergh, C.; Sicardy, B.; Ferron, S.; Käufl, H.-U. (2010). "Detection of CO in Triton's atmosphere and the nature of surface-atmosphere interactions". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 512: L8. arXiv:1003.2866. Bibcode:2010A&A...512L...8L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014339. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 58889896.

wsj.com

Newman, Jessie (3 December 2020). "Dry Ice Demand Swells as Covid-19 Vaccines Prepare for Deployment". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.