Duel (English Wikipedia)

Franz Liszt, Lehrbuch des Deutschen Strafrechts, 13th ed., Berlin (1903), § 93. 4. Der Zweikampf Archived 2013-01-01 at the Wayback Machine (pp. 327–333).

books.google.com

The Trial of James Thomas Earl of Cardigan before the Right Honourable the House of Peers, etc. London: Published by order of the House of Peers. 1841.
Baldick, Robert (1965). The Duel: A History of Duelling. Chapman & Hall. Retrieved 19 April 2011.
Strozier, Charles B.; Flynn, Michael (1996-01-01). Genocide, War, and Human Survival. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 195. ISBN 978-0-8476-8227-0. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
The Sketch: A Journal of Art and Actuality (No. 808 Vol LXIII, Sixpence ed.). Ingram brothers. 1908-07-22. p. 41.
Presumably based on romantic depictions of the age of chivalry.^{[clarification needed]} The custom of "flinging the gauntlet in the face of another Knight" is illustrated in early Italian romances such as Orlando Furioso (The Scots Magazine 89/90 (1822), p. 575), and the English phrase of "throwing down the gauntlet" occurs in the context of Tudor-era tournaments from the 1540s.
"Eccentric medical men". Medico-Chirurgical Review. XXXI. 1 April – 30 September 1839. Retrieved 19 April 2011.
Baldick, Robert (1965). The Duel: A History of Duelling. Chapman & Hall. ISBN 978-0-600-32837-7. Retrieved 19 April 2011.
Wilson Lyde, John (2004) [1838]. "Appendix". The Code of Honor, Or, Rules for the Government of Principals and Seconds in Duelling. reprinted by Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4191-5704-2.
Gwynn, Denis (1947). Daniel O'Connell. Cork University Press. p. 126.
Dickens, Charles; Chapman and Hall (May 10, 1862). All the year round. Dickens & Evans (Firm). pp. 212–216.
Miller, Jeffrey (2003-04-25). Where There's Life, There's Lawsuits ... ECW Press. ISBN 978-1-55022-501-3. Retrieved 2010-05-30.
Prowse, Brad (1 August 1998). "The General Massacre". American Cowboy. Active Interest Media – via Google Books.
Dykstra, Robert R. (1983). The Cattle Towns. University of Nebraska Press. pp. 116–135. ISBN 978-0-8032-6561-5.
Bardwell L. Smith, ed. (1976). Religion and Social Conflict in South Asia.Page 27. BRILL publications ,1976. ISBN 978-90-04-04510-1. Retrieved 2007-12-28.
George Mathew (1989). Communal Road to a Secular Kerala.Page 30. Concept Pub.Co, 1989. ISBN 978-81-7022-282-8. Retrieved 2007-12-28.

classicalfencing.com

"How to Defend a Monopoly". Classicalfencing.com. 2006-03-26. Archived from the original on 2012-01-27. Retrieved 2012-10-22.

classicauthors.net

"Mark Twain, A Biography by Albert Bigelow Paine: Part I A Comstock Duel". Classicauthors.net. Archived from the original on 2010-06-11. Retrieved 2010-05-30.

twain.classicauthors.net

"Chapters from my Autobiography by Mark Twain: Chapter VIII". Twain.classicauthors.net. Archived from the original on 2010-07-04. Retrieved 2010-05-30.

d-push.net

"Pushkin duels. Full list" (in Russian). D-push.net. Retrieved 2012-10-22.

deseret.com

"Uruguay Rescinds Law Allowing Disputes to be Settled by Duel". 26 January 2024.

doi.org

Jensen, Jeffrey L.; Ramey, Adam J. (2020-06-09). "Going postal: State capacity and violent dispute resolution". Journal of Comparative Economics. 48 (4): 779–796. doi:10.1016/j.jce.2020.05.007. ISSN 0147-5967. S2CID 226195079.
Schultz, M. (2012-05-24). "Rudolf Virchow". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 14 (9): 1480–1481. doi:10.3201/eid1409.086672. PMC 2603088.
Parker, David S. (Summer 2001). "Law, Honor, and Impunity in Spanish America: The Debate over Dueling, 1870–1920". Law and History Review. 19 (2): 311–341. doi:10.2307/744132. JSTOR 744132. S2CID 144994172.
Gallant, Thomas W. (2000-09-20). "Honor, Masculinity, and Ritual Knife Fighting in Nineteenth-Century Greece". The American Historical Review. 105 (2). The History Cooperative. doi:10.2307/1571456. JSTOR 1571456. Archived from the original on 2012-06-29. Retrieved 2021-10-07.

eiu.edu

castle.eiu.edu

"The Death of Dueling" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-01-07. Retrieved 2014-01-07.

executedtoday.com

"1855: Emmanuel Barthelemy, duelist". Executed Today. Retrieved 25 October 2014.

googleusercontent.com

translate.googleusercontent.com

"Los Últimos Duelos". LaRed21, 28 November 2011. (Translated)

hathitrust.org

catalog.hathitrust.org

Neal, John (February 1817). "Essay on Duelling". The Portico. Vol. 3 (January–June 1817), no. 2. Baltimore, Maryland: Neale Willis & Cole. pp. 132–133.

history.com

"Wild Bill Hickok fights first western showdown". History.com. July 21, 2014. Retrieved October 4, 2014.

historycooperative.org

Gallant, Thomas W. (2000-09-20). "Honor, Masculinity, and Ritual Knife Fighting in Nineteenth-Century Greece". The American Historical Review. 105 (2). The History Cooperative. doi:10.2307/1571456. JSTOR 1571456. Archived from the original on 2012-06-29. Retrieved 2021-10-07.

historynet.com

"Abraham Lincoln Prepares to Fight a Saber Duel", originally published by Civil War Times magazine

jstor.org

Parker, David S. (Summer 2001). "Law, Honor, and Impunity in Spanish America: The Debate over Dueling, 1870–1920". Law and History Review. 19 (2): 311–341. doi:10.2307/744132. JSTOR 744132. S2CID 144994172.
Gallant, Thomas W. (2000-09-20). "Honor, Masculinity, and Ritual Knife Fighting in Nineteenth-Century Greece". The American Historical Review. 105 (2). The History Cooperative. doi:10.2307/1571456. JSTOR 1571456. Archived from the original on 2012-06-29. Retrieved 2021-10-07.

keepenglefieldgreen.org

"The common is steeped in history, at Keep Englefield Green – The Heritage". Keepenglefieldgreen.org. Archived from the original on 2011-07-26. Retrieved 2010-05-30.

legendsofamerica.com

"Jim Levy – The Jewish Gunfighter". Legends of America.

loc.gov

memory.loc.gov

"A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774–1875". memory.loc.gov. Retrieved 2016-07-29.

blogs.loc.gov

"A Duel with Rifles". Library of Congress. July 17, 2013.

lr21.com.uy

"Los Últimos Duelos". LaRed21, 28 November 2011. (Translated)

marcialtirada.net

"Philippine Martial Arts Institute – Traditional Filipino Weapons". Marcialtirada.net. Retrieved 2012-10-22.

mo.gov

sos.mo.gov

"Code duello" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-09-04. Retrieved 2014-05-17 – via Secretary of State of Missouri.

montrealgazette.com

"From the archives: Lady Rose blossomed after scandal". The Gazette. Montreal. June 13, 2014. Retrieved June 13, 2019. They met early the following morning, May 22, at the race track in Verdun. Pistols were raised, but only Sweeney fired. Warde fell, mortally wounded. A farmer witnessing the affair passed a sobbing Sweeney and said, 'You have had a bad beginning to the day.' It was the last fatal duel in Canada.

ms.gov

sos.ms.gov

"Mississippi Constitution" (PDF). 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-04-28. Retrieved 28 April 2019.

mtroyal.ab.ca

gaslight.mtroyal.ab.ca

"The Mystic Spring (1904) by D. W. Higgins". Gaslight.mtroyal.ab.ca. Archived from the original on 2010-12-16. Retrieved 2010-05-30.

newadvent.org

"Catholic Library: Pastoralis Officii (1891)". newadvent.org.

news.google.com

"Two Duel, Both Unhurt". Reading Eagle. 18 October 1971 – via Google News Archive Search.
"Bolos Weapons in Filipino Duel: One Hand Cut Off". Retrieved 2012-10-22.

newspapers.com

"A French lawyer and a schoolteacher fought a duel today in a meadow near Paris. Roger Nordmann the schoolteacher was reportedly pricked by the lawyer Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour's sword and the duel ended with everyone's honor intact. The feud started three weeks ago when Tixier-Vignancour challenged Nordmann to a duel with pistols after he said Nordmann insulted him during a treason trial; Nordmann accepted the challenge but said he had never fired anything more potent than a water pistol. He then chose two of his prettiest girl students, as seconds. The lawyer objected on the grounds that a second must be ready to take his principal's place and he could not lift his hand against a woman. The weapons and the seconds were properly arranged after weeks of negotiations. The duelists went into hiding from newspapermen and police, since dueling is illegal. Only their seconds knew the time and place of combat." Lubbock Avalanche-Journal i, 13 November 1949, p. 55.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Schultz, M. (2012-05-24). "Rudolf Virchow". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 14 (9): 1480–1481. doi:10.3201/eid1409.086672. PMC 2603088.

npr.org

"Kentucky Duels Over Oath Of Office". NPR. 12 March 2010. Retrieved 3 January 2015.

nytimes.com

"Electoral College Affirms Biden's Victory", The New York Times, December 15, 2020.

timesmachine.nytimes.com

"Duel With Wax Bullets" (PDF). The New York Times. February 26, 1909. Retrieved 24 December 2014.

pbs.org

The History of Dueling in America PBS. Retrieved February 8, 2014
"The American Experience | Dueling, American Style". PBS. Archived from the original on 2012-11-11. Retrieved 2012-10-22.
[1] Archived April 22, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
"Politics And Pistols: Dueling in America". History Detectives. PBS. Retrieved 2012-07-22.

play.google.com

Sims, J. Marion (1885). The Story of My Life. D. Appleton & Company. pp. 88–99. Retrieved October 20, 2018.

rcinet.ca

"The last duel in Upper Canada". Radio Canada International. June 13, 2014. Retrieved June 13, 2019. This was however not the last fatal duel in what is now Canada.

relam.org

""Gentlemanly Jurisprudence and the Rule of Law: Why Dueling was Legal in Uruguay from 1920 to 1992" a talk with David S. Parker". 10 March 2023.

sbcglobal.net

pages.sbcglobal.net

"The Guard of the Sword & Lanthorn, opposd by the Sword & Cloak". Archived from the original on May 25, 2010.

sciencedirect.com

Jensen, Jeffrey L.; Ramey, Adam J. (2020-06-09). "Going postal: State capacity and violent dispute resolution". Journal of Comparative Economics. 48 (4): 779–796. doi:10.1016/j.jce.2020.05.007. ISSN 0147-5967. S2CID 226195079.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Jensen, Jeffrey L.; Ramey, Adam J. (2020-06-09). "Going postal: State capacity and violent dispute resolution". Journal of Comparative Economics. 48 (4): 779–796. doi:10.1016/j.jce.2020.05.007. ISSN 0147-5967. S2CID 226195079.
Parker, David S. (Summer 2001). "Law, Honor, and Impunity in Spanish America: The Debate over Dueling, 1870–1920". Law and History Review. 19 (2): 311–341. doi:10.2307/744132. JSTOR 744132. S2CID 144994172.

smithsonianmag.com

Drake, Ross (March 2004). "Duel! Defenders of honor or shoot-on-sight vigilantes? Even in 19th-century America, it was hard to tell". Smithsonian Magazine. Archived from the original on 2014-01-07. Retrieved 2012-10-22.
"Smithsonian Magazine". Smithsonianmag.com. Archived from the original on 2014-01-07. Retrieved 2010-05-30.

sorbonne.fr

ducange.enc.sorbonne.fr

This usage apparently goes back to John of Legnano, author of a 14th-century work on dueling, De Bello, cited by du Cange Pugna corporalis deliberata hinc inde duorum, ad purgationem, gloriam, vel odii aggregationem. 3. Duellum, Glossarium ad scriptores mediae et infimae latinitatis (1678), ed. augm., Niort : L. Favre, 1883‑1887, t. 3, col. 203b.

st-andrews.ac.uk

mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk

"Évariste Galois, MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive".

sunstar.com.ph

"Argument over rice harvest leads to bolo duel in Zamboanga City". Sun.Star. 2012-01-07. Archived from the original on 2016-07-01. Retrieved 2012-10-22.

theguardian.com

Caistor, Nick (5 May 2000). "Raúl Rettig (obituary)". The Guardian.

time.com

"People: Apr. 28, 1967". Time. 1967-04-28. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved 2010-05-30.

twaintimes.net

[2] Archived February 2, 2008, at the Wayback Machine

univ.gda.pl

monika.univ.gda.pl

Adamiec, Marek. "Polski kodeks honorowy". Monika.univ.gda.pl. Archived from the original on 2010-03-29. Retrieved 2010-05-30.

unpad.ac.id

mirror.unpad.ac.id

"Tomanurung Perang Sejati Orang Bugis" (PDF). Media Indonesia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-06-06. Retrieved 18 May 2014.

web.archive.org

Franz Liszt, Lehrbuch des Deutschen Strafrechts, 13th ed., Berlin (1903), § 93. 4. Der Zweikampf Archived 2013-01-01 at the Wayback Machine (pp. 327–333).
"The Death of Dueling" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-01-07. Retrieved 2014-01-07.
"The American Experience | Dueling, American Style". PBS. Archived from the original on 2012-11-11. Retrieved 2012-10-22.
Drake, Ross (March 2004). "Duel! Defenders of honor or shoot-on-sight vigilantes? Even in 19th-century America, it was hard to tell". Smithsonian Magazine. Archived from the original on 2014-01-07. Retrieved 2012-10-22.
[1] Archived April 22, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
"The common is steeped in history, at Keep Englefield Green – The Heritage". Keepenglefieldgreen.org. Archived from the original on 2011-07-26. Retrieved 2010-05-30.
"Mark Twain, A Biography by Albert Bigelow Paine: Part I A Comstock Duel". Classicauthors.net. Archived from the original on 2010-06-11. Retrieved 2010-05-30.
"Chapters from my Autobiography by Mark Twain: Chapter VIII". Twain.classicauthors.net. Archived from the original on 2010-07-04. Retrieved 2010-05-30.
[2] Archived February 2, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
"Smithsonian Magazine". Smithsonianmag.com. Archived from the original on 2014-01-07. Retrieved 2010-05-30.
H.R. 8, Proposing an Amendment to the U.S. Constitution to Prohibit any Person who was Involved in a Duel from Holding Public Federal Office. File Unit: Bills and Resolutions Originating in the House during the 25th Congress, 1837–1839. National Archives and Records Administration. 1838. Archived from the original on 2016-10-06. Retrieved 2016-07-29.
"Mississippi Constitution" (PDF). 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-04-28. Retrieved 28 April 2019.
"People: Apr. 28, 1967". Time. 1967-04-28. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved 2010-05-30.
"The Mystic Spring (1904) by D. W. Higgins". Gaslight.mtroyal.ab.ca. Archived from the original on 2010-12-16. Retrieved 2010-05-30.
"How to Defend a Monopoly". Classicalfencing.com. 2006-03-26. Archived from the original on 2012-01-27. Retrieved 2012-10-22.
"The Guard of the Sword & Lanthorn, opposd by the Sword & Cloak". Archived from the original on May 25, 2010.
"Code duello" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-09-04. Retrieved 2014-05-17 – via Secretary of State of Missouri.
Adamiec, Marek. "Polski kodeks honorowy". Monika.univ.gda.pl. Archived from the original on 2010-03-29. Retrieved 2010-05-30.
Morgan, William (1838). H.R. 8, Proposing an Amendment to the U.S. Constitution to Prohibit any Person who was Involved in a Duel from Holding Public Federal Office. File Unit: Bills and Resolutions Originating in the House during the 25th Congress, 1837 - 1839. National Archives of the United States of America. Archived from the original on October 6, 2016. Retrieved July 28, 2016.
"Tomanurung Perang Sejati Orang Bugis" (PDF). Media Indonesia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-06-06. Retrieved 18 May 2014.
"Argument over rice harvest leads to bolo duel in Zamboanga City". Sun.Star. 2012-01-07. Archived from the original on 2016-07-01. Retrieved 2012-10-22.

worldcat.org

Jensen, Jeffrey L.; Ramey, Adam J. (2020-06-09). "Going postal: State capacity and violent dispute resolution". Journal of Comparative Economics. 48 (4): 779–796. doi:10.1016/j.jce.2020.05.007. ISSN 0147-5967. S2CID 226195079.
Kinard, Jeff (2003). Pistols: an illustrated history of their impact. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. p. 31. ISBN 1-85109-475-X. OCLC 60395313.

wvlegislature.gov

"West Virginia Constitution". wvlegislature.gov.