Durand Line (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Durand Line" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

80web.archive.org

1^st place

8dawn.com

354^th place

207^th place

7pajhwok.com

9,761^st place

7,452^nd place

6books.google.com

3^rd place

3archive.org

6^th place

3nytimes.com

7^th place

3loc.gov

70^th place

63^rd place

2newsweek.com

269^th place

201^st place

2reuters.com

49^th place

47^th place

2pbs.org

198^th place

154^th place

2globalsecurity.org

443^rd place

435^th place

2thenews.com.pk

821^st place

464^th place

2tribune.com.pk

595^th place

351^st place

2voanews.com

581^st place

738^th place

2aljazeera.com

268^th place

215^th place

1cia.gov

89^th place

147^th place

1harvard.edu

18^th place

17^th place

1doi.org

2^nd place

1jstor.org

26^th place

20^th place

1cfr.org

2,812^th place

1,942^nd place

1foreignpolicy.com

1,116^th place

790^th place

1carnegieendowment.org

3,812^th place

3,173^rd place

1thediplomat.com

1,382^nd place

876^th place

1huffingtonpost.com

109^th place

87^th place

1nihcr.edu.pk

low place

1qurtuba.edu.pk

low place

1piney.com

low place

1packhum.org

5,585^th place

4,838^th place

1britannica.com

40^th place

58^th place

1historyfiles.co.uk

6,962^nd place

4,624^th place

1nps.edu

low place

7,562^nd place

1national-army-museum.ac.uk

low place

1bl.uk

1,234^th place

779^th place

1afghanland.com

low place

1dailytimes.com.pk

1,625^th place

890^th place

1paulhensel.org

low place

1fsu.edu

2,584^th place

1,811^th place

1supportdanielboyd.wordpress.com

low place

1time.com

61^st place

54^th place

1institute-for-afghan-studies.org

low place

1washingtonpost.com

34^th place

27^th place

1afghanistantimes.af

low place

1agcho.org

low place

1gnsnga.mil

low place

1monstersandcritics.com

2,058^th place

1,351^st place

1newkerala.com

low place

9,553^rd place

1army.mil

249^th place

169^th place

1allvoices.com

low place

7,703^rd place

1thefrontierpost.com

low place

1opencongress.org

low place

1yahoo.com

38^th place

40^th place

1tolonews.com

8,468^th place

5,737^th place

1cnn.com

28^th place

26^th place

1theguardian.com

12^th place

11^th place

1thehindu.com

52^nd place

35^th place

1skynews.com.au

7,474^th place

4,553^rd place

1latimes.com

22^nd place

19^th place

1geo.tv

2,505^th place

1,370^th place

1firstpost.com

283^rd place

179^th place

1irinnews.org

5,284^th place

4,199^th place

1youtube.com

9^th place

13^th place

1bloombergquint.com

7,123^rd place

3,897^th place

1nation.com.pk

2,180^th place

1,189^th place

afghanistantimes.af

admin interview with former President Hamid Karzai (2 September 2016). "We will respect Pashtuns' decision on Pashtunistan: Karzai". Afghan Times. Archived from the original on 7 September 2016. Retrieved 7 September 2016. No one will recognize it. It cannot separate the nation. The line has not separated the nation.

afghanland.com

End of Imaginary Durrand Line: North Pakistan belongs to Afghanistan Archived 16 December 2009 at the Wayback Machine by Wahid Momand

agcho.org

"Afghan Geodesy and Cartography Head Office (AGCHO)". Archived from the original on 21 January 2010. Retrieved 5 December 2009.

aljazeera.com

"Pakistan-Afghanistan crossing closed after border clash". Al Jazeera English. 7 May 2017. Archived from the original on 7 May 2017. Retrieved 7 May 2017.
"Pakistan-Afghanistan border fence, a step in the right direction". Al Jazeera. 25 February 2021. Retrieved 7 January 2022.

allvoices.com

"Pakistan suggests curbs to end smuggling from Afghanistan". 30 November 2009. Archived from the original on 1 November 2013. Retrieved 14 February 2013.

archive.org

"The total length of the boundary which had been delimited and demarcated between March 1894 and May 1896, amounted to 800 miles". The long stretch from the Kabul River to China, including the Wakhan Corridor, was declared demarcated by virtue of its continuous, distinct watershed ridgeline, leaving only the section near the Khyber Pass, which was finally demarcated in 1921: Brig.-Gen. Sir Percy Sykes, K.C.I.E., C.B., C.M.G., Gold Medalist of the Royal Geographical Society (1940). "A History of Afghanistan Vol. II". London: MacMillan & Co. pp. 182–188, 200–208. Retrieved 5 December 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Rasanayagam, Angelo (2005). Afghanistan: A Modern History. I.B. Tauris. p. 64. ISBN 978-1850438571.
Brig.-Gen. Sir Percy Sykes, K.C.I.E., C.B., C.M.G., Gold Medalist of the Royal Geographic Society (1940). "A History of Afghanistan, Vol. II". London: Macmillian & Co. Ltd. pp. 182–188, 200–208. Retrieved 5 December 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

army.mil

Amber Robinson (9 June 2009). "Soldiers disrupt timber smuggling in Afghan province". Archived from the original on 1 November 2013. Retrieved 14 February 2013.

bl.uk

"Afghanistan 1919–1928: Sources in the India Office Records". British Library. Archived from the original on 16 January 2017. Retrieved 11 February 2011. 1919 (May), the outbreak of Third Anglo-Afghan War. British bomb Kabul and Jalalabad;

bloombergquint.com

"The Fence Driving a Wedge Between Pakistan and Afghanistan". BloombergQuint. 31 October 2017. Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2019.

books.google.com

Uradnik, Kathleen (2011). Battleground: Government and Politics, Volume 1. ABC-CLIO. p. 18. ISBN 978-0313343131. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
Rubin, Barnett R. (2013). Afghanistan from the Cold War through the War on Terror. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199970414. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
Dorronsoro, Gilles (2005). Revolution Unending: Afghanistan, 1979 to present. Hurst & Co. Publisher. p. 84. ISBN 978-1850656838. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2019.
Nunan, Timothy (2016). Humanitarian Invasion: Global Development in Cold War Afghanistan. Cambridge University Press. p. 125. ISBN 978-1107112070. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2019.
Dorronsoro, Gilles (2005). Revolution Unending: Afghanistan, 1979 to present. Hurst & Co. Publisher. p. 84. ISBN 978-1850656838. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2019.
Natural Resources in Afghanistan: Geographic and Geologic Perspectives on Centuries of Conflict Archived 1 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine By John F. Shroder. Elselvier, San Diego, California, USA. 2014. p290

britannica.com

"Baloch". Encyclopædia Britannica Online Version. Archived from the original on 8 January 2008. Retrieved 11 February 2011.

carnegieendowment.org

Grare, Frédéric (October 2006). "Carnegie Papers – Pakistan-Afghanistan Relations in the Post-9/11 Era" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 August 2017. Retrieved 11 February 2011.

cfr.org

Bajoria, Jayshree (20 March 2009). "The Troubled Afghan-Pakistani Border". Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from the original on 25 May 2010. Retrieved 11 February 2011.

cia.gov

"Pakistan". CIA World Factbook. Archived from the original on 10 January 2021. Retrieved 30 September 2020.

cnn.com

edition.cnn.com

Wire Staff (10 December 2011). "Pakistan boosts border security after airstrike". CNN. Archived from the original on 5 October 2015. Retrieved 11 December 2011.

dailytimes.com.pk

Hasan, Khalid (1 February 2004). "Durand Line Treaty has not lapsed". Daily Times. Pakistan. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 11 February 2011.

dawn.com

Siddiqui, Naveed (5 March 2017). "Afghanistan will never recognise the Durand Line: Hamid Karzai". Dawn. Archived from the original on 4 August 2019. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
Rahi, Arwin (22 August 2017). "Would India and Afghanistan have had a close relationship had Pakistan not been founded?". Dawn. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
Dawn News, Fazl urges Afghanistan to recognise Durand Line Archived 30 October 2010 at the Wayback Machine
"Former TTP spokesman Ehsanullah Ehsan has turned himself in: Pak Army". Dawn. 17 April 2017. Archived from the original on 3 September 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
Siddiqui, Naveed (28 May 2017). "Pakistan opens Chaman border crossing on 'humanitarian grounds' after 22 days". Dawn. Archived from the original on 27 May 2017. Retrieved 28 May 2017.

archives.dawn.com

"Japanese nationals not killed in Pakistan: FO". Dawn News. Pakistan. 7 September 2005. Retrieved 11 February 2011.
Abdul Sami Paracha (28 June 2002). "Timber smuggling from Afghanistan on the rise". Dawn. Archived from the original on 1 November 2013. Retrieved 14 February 2013.
"Six Pakistanis held in Afghanistan on timber smuggling charge". Dawn. 19 September 2005. Archived from the original on 1 November 2013. Retrieved 14 February 2013.

doi.org

An adjustment to the demarcation was made at Arundu in the early 1930s: Hay, Maj. W. R. (October 1933). "Demarcation of the Indo-Afghan Boundary in the Vicinity of Arandu". Geographical Journal. LXXXII (4): 351. Bibcode:1933GeogJ..82..351H. doi:10.2307/1785903. JSTOR 1785903.

firstpost.com

Sheerupa Mitra. "Pakistan closes Durand Line, causes $90 mn trade loss for Afghanistan". FirstPost. Archived from the original on 12 April 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2017.

foreignpolicy.com

Walker, Philip (24 June 2011). "The World's Most Dangerous Borders: Afghanistan and Pakistan". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 31 December 2011. Retrieved 12 September 2012.

fsu.edu

mailer.fsu.edu

Hensel, Paul R.; Michael E. Allison and Ahmed Khanani (2006) "Territorial Integrity Treaties, Uti Possidetis, and Armed Conflict over Territory." Archived 15 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine Presented at the Shambaugh Conference "Building Synergies: Institutions and Cooperation in World Politics," University of Iowa, 13 October 2006.

geo.tv

Afzaal, Ali (21 March 2017). "Pak-Afghan border reopens after 32 days". Geo News. Archived from the original on 21 March 2017. Retrieved 21 March 2017.

globalsecurity.org

John Pike. "RFE/RL Afghanistan Report". globalsecurity.org. Archived from the original on 23 May 2009. Retrieved 30 January 2008.
Fire Base Shkin / Fire Base Checo Archived 7 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved on 12 July 2013.

gnsnga.mil

"Geonames Query Home Page". Archived from the original on 7 April 2007. Retrieved 3 April 2007. NGA Geonames database

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

An adjustment to the demarcation was made at Arundu in the early 1930s: Hay, Maj. W. R. (October 1933). "Demarcation of the Indo-Afghan Boundary in the Vicinity of Arandu". Geographical Journal. LXXXII (4): 351. Bibcode:1933GeogJ..82..351H. doi:10.2307/1785903. JSTOR 1785903.

historyfiles.co.uk

"Kingdoms of South Asia – Afghanistan (Southern Khorasan / Arachosia)". The History Files. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 16 August 2010.

huffingtonpost.com

Micallef, Joseph V. (21 November 2015). "Afghanistan and Pakistan: The Poisoned Legacy of the Durand Line". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 24 October 2017. Retrieved 9 September 2017.

institute-for-afghan-studies.org

The Unholy Durand Line, Buffering the Buffer Archived 25 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine by Dr. G. Rauf Roashan. 11 August 2001.

irinnews.org

"Focus on bilateral border dispute". IRIN. 30 October 2003. Archived from the original on 16 March 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2019.

jstor.org

An adjustment to the demarcation was made at Arundu in the early 1930s: Hay, Maj. W. R. (October 1933). "Demarcation of the Indo-Afghan Boundary in the Vicinity of Arandu". Geographical Journal. LXXXII (4): 351. Bibcode:1933GeogJ..82..351H. doi:10.2307/1785903. JSTOR 1785903.

latimes.com

"Pakistani prime minister orders the reopening of border with Afghanistan, ending costly closure". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. 20 March 2017. Archived from the original on 28 March 2017. Retrieved 21 March 2017.

loc.gov

lcweb2.loc.gov

"Country Profile: Afghanistan" (PDF). Library of Congress Country Studies. August 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 11 February 2011.
Baxter, Craig (1997). "The Pashtunistan Issue". United States: Library of Congress Country Studies. Archived from the original on 16 February 2013. Retrieved 11 February 2011.

loc.gov

Smith, Cynthia (August 2004). "A Selection of Historical Maps of Afghanistan – The Durand Line". United States: Library of Congress. Archived from the original on 9 January 2019. Retrieved 11 February 2011. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

monstersandcritics.com

news.monstersandcritics.com

Clash erupts between Afghan, Pakistani forces over border fence – South Asia Archived 23 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine

nation.com.pk

"2680kms fencing along Pak-Afghan border completed, Sh Rashid tells Senate". nation.com.pk. Archived from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2022.

national-army-museum.ac.uk

"The Road to Kabul: British armies in Afghanistan, 1839–1919". National Army Museum. Archived from the original on 26 November 2010. Retrieved 11 February 2011.

newkerala.com

NK. "NEWKERALA.COM for News, Information & Entertainment Stuff". newkerala.com. Archived from the original on 20 January 2012. Retrieved 5 December 2009.

newsweek.com

"No Man's Land". Newsweek. United States. 1 February 2004. Archived from the original on 8 April 2008. Retrieved 11 February 2011. Where the imperialists' Great Game once unfolded, tribal allegiances have made for a "soft border" between Afghanistan and Pakistan—and a safe haven for smugglers, militants and terrorists
Newsweek, No Man's Land – Neighbor's Interference Archived 10 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine

nihcr.edu.pk

ur Rahman, Hanif (December 2012). "Pak-Afghan relations during Z.A. Bhutto Era: The dynamics of Cold War" (PDF). Pakistan Journal of History and Culture. XXXIII: 34–35. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 January 2020. Retrieved 7 July 2019.

nps.edu

edocs.nps.edu

Muhammad Qaiser Janjua (2009). "In the Shadow of the Durand Line; Security, Stability, and the Future of Pakistan and Afghanistan" (PDF). Monterrey, California: Naval Postgraduate School. pp. 22–27, 45. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 14 December 2009.

nytimes.com

Kaplan, Robert D. (23 August 1989). "How Zia's Death Helped the U.S". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 April 2019. Retrieved 24 May 2010.
Pear, Robert (25 June 1989). "F.B.I. Allowed to Investigate Crash That Killed Zia". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 April 2019. Retrieved 24 May 2010.
Mashal, Mujib (5 March 2017). "Closed Afghan-Pakistani Border Is Becoming 'Humanitarian Crisis'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 13 September 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2017.

opencongress.org

"S.496: Afghanistan and Pakistan Reconstruction Opportunity Zones Act of 2009 – U.S. Congress – OpenCongress". OpenCongress. Archived from the original on 18 July 2009.

packhum.org

persian.packhum.org

Muhammad Qasim Hindu Shah (Firishta). "History of the Mohamedan Power in India". Persian Literature in Translation. Packard Humanities Institute. Archived from the original on 11 February 2009. Retrieved 10 January 2007.

pajhwok.com

"No change in stance on Durand Line: Faizi". Pajhwok Afghan News. 24 October 2012. Archived from the original on 10 May 2013. Retrieved 11 April 2013. But Afghanistan has never accepted the legitimacy of this border, arguing that it was intended to demarcate spheres of influence rather than international frontiers.
PAN, Pashtuns on both sides of Pak-Afghan border show opposition to fencing plan^{[permanent dead link]}, 3 January 2007.
PAN, More protests against fencing^{[permanent dead link]}, 10 January 2007.
PAN, Fencing plan may defame Pakistan: Fazl^{[permanent dead link]}, 10 January 2007.
PAN, Durand Line not a legitimate border: Zoori^{[permanent dead link]}, 3 August 2009.
Biometric system installed in Spin Boldak Archived 10 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine. 9 June 2011.
"Pakistan fires missiles into Khost, say border police". Pajhwok Afghan News. 1 July 2011. Archived from the original on 2 December 2011. Retrieved 6 July 2011. Nearly a dozen missiles were fired from Pakistan into Afghanistan's southeastern Khost province over the past 24 hours, border police said on Friday.

paulhensel.org

Over 90% of present African nations signed both the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) charter and the 1964 Cairo Declaration, both of which "proclaimed the acceptance of colonial borders as the borders between independent states...through the legal principle of uti possidetis." Hensel, Paul R. "Territorial Integrity Treaties and Armed Conflict over Territory" (PDF). Department of Political Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 July 2011. Retrieved 5 December 2009.

pbs.org

"Interview with Peter Tomsen". PBS Frontline. 3 October 2006. Archived from the original on 5 August 2011. Retrieved 11 February 2011. President George H. W. Bush's special envoy and ambassador to the Afghan resistance from 1989 to 1992
Khan, Kamran. "Pakistan's Tribal Areas". PBS Frontline. Archived from the original on 2 August 2013. Retrieved 11 February 2011.

piney.com

"The History of Herodotus, Chapter 7". Translated by Rawlinson, George. piney.com. Archived from the original on 5 February 2012. Retrieved 11 February 2011.

qurtuba.edu.pk

Durani, Mohib ullah; Khan, Ashraf (2009). "Pakistan-Afghanistan relation: Historic Mirror" (PDF). The Dialogue. 4 (1): 38. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 August 2018. Retrieved 7 July 2019.

reuters.com

Sediqi, Abdul Qadir (14 July 2021). "Afghan Taliban seize border crossing with Pakistan in major advance". Reuters. Archived from the original on 23 July 2021. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
Shalizi, Hamid (1 July 2011). "Afghanistan won't fire back on Pakistan: Karzai". Reuters. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 6 July 2011.

skynews.com.au

"Pakistan indefinitely closes Afghan border". Sky News. Reuters. 10 March 2017. Archived from the original on 22 March 2017. Retrieved 21 March 2017.

supportdanielboyd.wordpress.com

"So called "terrorist camps" (in 1989?) and training". Support Daniel Boyd's Blog. Archived from the original on 10 August 2009. Retrieved 16 December 2009.

thediplomat.com

Rahi, Arwin. "Why the Durand Line Matters". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 29 July 2019. Retrieved 9 September 2017.

thefrontierpost.com

The Frontier Post, Pakistan, Peshawar Archived 21 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine. The Frontier Post. Retrieved on 12 July 2013.

theguardian.com

Boone, Jon (27 November 2011). "Nato air attack on Pakistani troops was self-defence, says senior western official". The Observer. Archived from the original on 1 October 2013. Retrieved 27 November 2011.

thehindu.com

"Pak. closes Afghan border crossing". The Hindu. Associated Press. 19 February 2017. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2017.

thenews.com.pk

The News.pk, 36 soldiers die in cross-border Chitral attack Archived 16 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine, 28 August 2011.
"Pak-Afghan border closed for indefinite period: ISPR". The News International. 16 February 2017. Archived from the original on 24 February 2017. Retrieved 21 March 2017.

time.com

"Pakistan Knocking at the Nuclear Door". Time. 30 March 1987. Archived from the original on 9 January 2011. Retrieved 24 May 2010.

tolonews.com

Tolo News, "Terrorist Safe Havens in Pakistan Must Go, Joint Chiefs Head Says" Archived 17 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine. 10 December 2011.

tribune.com.pk

Butt, Qaiser (20 June 2016). "1,100km trench built alongside Pak-Afghan border in Balochistan". Express Tribune. Archived from the original on 9 September 2017. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
"People throng Torkham as border reopens for two days". Express Tribune. 7 March 2017. Archived from the original on 22 March 2017. Retrieved 21 March 2017.

voanews.com

Gul, Ayaz (25 March 2017). "Pakistan Begins Fencing of Afghan Border". Voice of America. Archived from the original on 25 March 2017. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
Zabiullah Ghazi. "Closed Pakistan-Afghan Border Causes Pain, Trade Losses". Voice of America. Archived from the original on 1 March 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2017.

washingtonpost.com

"Pakistan's Ethnic Fault Line" Archived 3 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine by Selig S. Harrison, The Washington Post. 11 May 2009.

web.archive.org

"Pakistan". CIA World Factbook. Archived from the original on 10 January 2021. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
Smith, Cynthia (August 2004). "A Selection of Historical Maps of Afghanistan – The Durand Line". United States: Library of Congress. Archived from the original on 9 January 2019. Retrieved 11 February 2011. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
Uradnik, Kathleen (2011). Battleground: Government and Politics, Volume 1. ABC-CLIO. p. 18. ISBN 978-0313343131. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
"No Man's Land". Newsweek. United States. 1 February 2004. Archived from the original on 8 April 2008. Retrieved 11 February 2011. Where the imperialists' Great Game once unfolded, tribal allegiances have made for a "soft border" between Afghanistan and Pakistan—and a safe haven for smugglers, militants and terrorists
Bajoria, Jayshree (20 March 2009). "The Troubled Afghan-Pakistani Border". Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from the original on 25 May 2010. Retrieved 11 February 2011.
Walker, Philip (24 June 2011). "The World's Most Dangerous Borders: Afghanistan and Pakistan". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 31 December 2011. Retrieved 12 September 2012.
"No change in stance on Durand Line: Faizi". Pajhwok Afghan News. 24 October 2012. Archived from the original on 10 May 2013. Retrieved 11 April 2013. But Afghanistan has never accepted the legitimacy of this border, arguing that it was intended to demarcate spheres of influence rather than international frontiers.
Grare, Frédéric (October 2006). "Carnegie Papers – Pakistan-Afghanistan Relations in the Post-9/11 Era" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 August 2017. Retrieved 11 February 2011.
Rahi, Arwin. "Why the Durand Line Matters". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 29 July 2019. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
Micallef, Joseph V. (21 November 2015). "Afghanistan and Pakistan: The Poisoned Legacy of the Durand Line". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 24 October 2017. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
Rubin, Barnett R. (2013). Afghanistan from the Cold War through the War on Terror. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199970414. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
Dorronsoro, Gilles (2005). Revolution Unending: Afghanistan, 1979 to present. Hurst & Co. Publisher. p. 84. ISBN 978-1850656838. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2019.
Nunan, Timothy (2016). Humanitarian Invasion: Global Development in Cold War Afghanistan. Cambridge University Press. p. 125. ISBN 978-1107112070. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2019.
ur Rahman, Hanif (December 2012). "Pak-Afghan relations during Z.A. Bhutto Era: The dynamics of Cold War" (PDF). Pakistan Journal of History and Culture. XXXIII: 34–35. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 January 2020. Retrieved 7 July 2019.
Durani, Mohib ullah; Khan, Ashraf (2009). "Pakistan-Afghanistan relation: Historic Mirror" (PDF). The Dialogue. 4 (1): 38. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 August 2018. Retrieved 7 July 2019.
Siddiqui, Naveed (5 March 2017). "Afghanistan will never recognise the Durand Line: Hamid Karzai". Dawn. Archived from the original on 4 August 2019. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
"Country Profile: Afghanistan" (PDF). Library of Congress Country Studies. August 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 11 February 2011.
"The History of Herodotus, Chapter 7". Translated by Rawlinson, George. piney.com. Archived from the original on 5 February 2012. Retrieved 11 February 2011.
Muhammad Qasim Hindu Shah (Firishta). "History of the Mohamedan Power in India". Persian Literature in Translation. Packard Humanities Institute. Archived from the original on 11 February 2009. Retrieved 10 January 2007.
"Baloch". Encyclopædia Britannica Online Version. Archived from the original on 8 January 2008. Retrieved 11 February 2011.
"Kingdoms of South Asia – Afghanistan (Southern Khorasan / Arachosia)". The History Files. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
Muhammad Qaiser Janjua (2009). "In the Shadow of the Durand Line; Security, Stability, and the Future of Pakistan and Afghanistan" (PDF). Monterrey, California: Naval Postgraduate School. pp. 22–27, 45. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 14 December 2009.
"The Road to Kabul: British armies in Afghanistan, 1839–1919". National Army Museum. Archived from the original on 26 November 2010. Retrieved 11 February 2011.
"Afghanistan 1919–1928: Sources in the India Office Records". British Library. Archived from the original on 16 January 2017. Retrieved 11 February 2011. 1919 (May), the outbreak of Third Anglo-Afghan War. British bomb Kabul and Jalalabad;
End of Imaginary Durrand Line: North Pakistan belongs to Afghanistan Archived 16 December 2009 at the Wayback Machine by Wahid Momand
Hasan, Khalid (1 February 2004). "Durand Line Treaty has not lapsed". Daily Times. Pakistan. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 11 February 2011.
Over 90% of present African nations signed both the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) charter and the 1964 Cairo Declaration, both of which "proclaimed the acceptance of colonial borders as the borders between independent states...through the legal principle of uti possidetis." Hensel, Paul R. "Territorial Integrity Treaties and Armed Conflict over Territory" (PDF). Department of Political Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 July 2011. Retrieved 5 December 2009.
Hensel, Paul R.; Michael E. Allison and Ahmed Khanani (2006) "Territorial Integrity Treaties, Uti Possidetis, and Armed Conflict over Territory." Archived 15 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine Presented at the Shambaugh Conference "Building Synergies: Institutions and Cooperation in World Politics," University of Iowa, 13 October 2006.
Baxter, Craig (1997). "The Pashtunistan Issue". United States: Library of Congress Country Studies. Archived from the original on 16 February 2013. Retrieved 11 February 2011.
Dorronsoro, Gilles (2005). Revolution Unending: Afghanistan, 1979 to present. Hurst & Co. Publisher. p. 84. ISBN 978-1850656838. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2019.
Sediqi, Abdul Qadir (14 July 2021). "Afghan Taliban seize border crossing with Pakistan in major advance". Reuters. Archived from the original on 23 July 2021. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
"So called "terrorist camps" (in 1989?) and training". Support Daniel Boyd's Blog. Archived from the original on 10 August 2009. Retrieved 16 December 2009.
"Pakistan Knocking at the Nuclear Door". Time. 30 March 1987. Archived from the original on 9 January 2011. Retrieved 24 May 2010.
Kaplan, Robert D. (23 August 1989). "How Zia's Death Helped the U.S". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 April 2019. Retrieved 24 May 2010.
Pear, Robert (25 June 1989). "F.B.I. Allowed to Investigate Crash That Killed Zia". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 April 2019. Retrieved 24 May 2010.
"Interview with Peter Tomsen". PBS Frontline. 3 October 2006. Archived from the original on 5 August 2011. Retrieved 11 February 2011. President George H. W. Bush's special envoy and ambassador to the Afghan resistance from 1989 to 1992
The Unholy Durand Line, Buffering the Buffer Archived 25 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine by Dr. G. Rauf Roashan. 11 August 2001.
"Pakistan's Ethnic Fault Line" Archived 3 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine by Selig S. Harrison, The Washington Post. 11 May 2009.
Natural Resources in Afghanistan: Geographic and Geologic Perspectives on Centuries of Conflict Archived 1 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine By John F. Shroder. Elselvier, San Diego, California, USA. 2014. p290
admin interview with former President Hamid Karzai (2 September 2016). "We will respect Pashtuns' decision on Pashtunistan: Karzai". Afghan Times. Archived from the original on 7 September 2016. Retrieved 7 September 2016. No one will recognize it. It cannot separate the nation. The line has not separated the nation.
"Afghan Geodesy and Cartography Head Office (AGCHO)". Archived from the original on 21 January 2010. Retrieved 5 December 2009.
Newsweek, No Man's Land – Neighbor's Interference Archived 10 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine
Dawn News, Fazl urges Afghanistan to recognise Durand Line Archived 30 October 2010 at the Wayback Machine
John Pike. "RFE/RL Afghanistan Report". globalsecurity.org. Archived from the original on 23 May 2009. Retrieved 30 January 2008.
"Geonames Query Home Page". Archived from the original on 7 April 2007. Retrieved 3 April 2007. NGA Geonames database
Clash erupts between Afghan, Pakistani forces over border fence – South Asia Archived 23 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine
Fire Base Shkin / Fire Base Checo Archived 7 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved on 12 July 2013.
NK. "NEWKERALA.COM for News, Information & Entertainment Stuff". newkerala.com. Archived from the original on 20 January 2012. Retrieved 5 December 2009.
Khan, Kamran. "Pakistan's Tribal Areas". PBS Frontline. Archived from the original on 2 August 2013. Retrieved 11 February 2011.
Amber Robinson (9 June 2009). "Soldiers disrupt timber smuggling in Afghan province". Archived from the original on 1 November 2013. Retrieved 14 February 2013.
Abdul Sami Paracha (28 June 2002). "Timber smuggling from Afghanistan on the rise". Dawn. Archived from the original on 1 November 2013. Retrieved 14 February 2013.
"Six Pakistanis held in Afghanistan on timber smuggling charge". Dawn. 19 September 2005. Archived from the original on 1 November 2013. Retrieved 14 February 2013.
"Pakistan suggests curbs to end smuggling from Afghanistan". 30 November 2009. Archived from the original on 1 November 2013. Retrieved 14 February 2013.
The News.pk, 36 soldiers die in cross-border Chitral attack Archived 16 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine, 28 August 2011.
The Frontier Post, Pakistan, Peshawar Archived 21 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine. The Frontier Post. Retrieved on 12 July 2013.
"S.496: Afghanistan and Pakistan Reconstruction Opportunity Zones Act of 2009 – U.S. Congress – OpenCongress". OpenCongress. Archived from the original on 18 July 2009.
Biometric system installed in Spin Boldak Archived 10 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine. 9 June 2011.
"Pakistan fires missiles into Khost, say border police". Pajhwok Afghan News. 1 July 2011. Archived from the original on 2 December 2011. Retrieved 6 July 2011. Nearly a dozen missiles were fired from Pakistan into Afghanistan's southeastern Khost province over the past 24 hours, border police said on Friday.
Shalizi, Hamid (1 July 2011). "Afghanistan won't fire back on Pakistan: Karzai". Reuters. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 6 July 2011.
Tolo News, "Terrorist Safe Havens in Pakistan Must Go, Joint Chiefs Head Says" Archived 17 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine. 10 December 2011.
Wire Staff (10 December 2011). "Pakistan boosts border security after airstrike". CNN. Archived from the original on 5 October 2015. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
Boone, Jon (27 November 2011). "Nato air attack on Pakistani troops was self-defence, says senior western official". The Observer. Archived from the original on 1 October 2013. Retrieved 27 November 2011.
Butt, Qaiser (20 June 2016). "1,100km trench built alongside Pak-Afghan border in Balochistan". Express Tribune. Archived from the original on 9 September 2017. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
Gul, Ayaz (25 March 2017). "Pakistan Begins Fencing of Afghan Border". Voice of America. Archived from the original on 25 March 2017. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
"Former TTP spokesman Ehsanullah Ehsan has turned himself in: Pak Army". Dawn. 17 April 2017. Archived from the original on 3 September 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
"Pak. closes Afghan border crossing". The Hindu. Associated Press. 19 February 2017. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
"Pak-Afghan border closed for indefinite period: ISPR". The News International. 16 February 2017. Archived from the original on 24 February 2017. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
Mashal, Mujib (5 March 2017). "Closed Afghan-Pakistani Border Is Becoming 'Humanitarian Crisis'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 13 September 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
"People throng Torkham as border reopens for two days". Express Tribune. 7 March 2017. Archived from the original on 22 March 2017. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
"Pakistan indefinitely closes Afghan border". Sky News. Reuters. 10 March 2017. Archived from the original on 22 March 2017. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
"Pakistani prime minister orders the reopening of border with Afghanistan, ending costly closure". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. 20 March 2017. Archived from the original on 28 March 2017. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
Afzaal, Ali (21 March 2017). "Pak-Afghan border reopens after 32 days". Geo News. Archived from the original on 21 March 2017. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
"Pakistan-Afghanistan crossing closed after border clash". Al Jazeera English. 7 May 2017. Archived from the original on 7 May 2017. Retrieved 7 May 2017.
Zabiullah Ghazi. "Closed Pakistan-Afghan Border Causes Pain, Trade Losses". Voice of America. Archived from the original on 1 March 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
Sheerupa Mitra. "Pakistan closes Durand Line, causes $90 mn trade loss for Afghanistan". FirstPost. Archived from the original on 12 April 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
Siddiqui, Naveed (28 May 2017). "Pakistan opens Chaman border crossing on 'humanitarian grounds' after 22 days". Dawn. Archived from the original on 27 May 2017. Retrieved 28 May 2017.
"Focus on bilateral border dispute". IRIN. 30 October 2003. Archived from the original on 16 March 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
Al Jazeera English (29 January 2019), 🇵🇰 'Trump-style wall': Pakistan building wall on Afghan border | Al Jazeera English, archived from the original on 7 October 2019, retrieved 15 March 2019
"The Fence Driving a Wedge Between Pakistan and Afghanistan". BloombergQuint. 31 October 2017. Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
"2680kms fencing along Pak-Afghan border completed, Sh Rashid tells Senate". nation.com.pk. Archived from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2022.

yahoo.com

news.yahoo.com

Nichols, Michelle (7 July 2011). "Afghanistan, Pakistan to coordinate amid cross-border confusion". United States: Reuters. Retrieved 9 July 2011.

youtube.com

Al Jazeera English (29 January 2019), 🇵🇰 'Trump-style wall': Pakistan building wall on Afghan border | Al Jazeera English, archived from the original on 7 October 2019, retrieved 15 March 2019