Early Islamic philosophy (English Wikipedia)

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• Treiger, Alexander (2016) [2014]. "Part I: Islamic Theologies during the Formative and the Early Middle period – Origins of Kalām". In Schmidtke, Sabine (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 27–43. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696703.013.001. ISBN 9780199696703. LCCN 2016935488. Archived from the original on 2022-11-18. Retrieved 2021-10-19.
• Abrahamov, Binyamin (2016) [2014]. "Part I: Islamic Theologies during the Formative and the Early Middle period – Scripturalist and Traditionalist Theology". In Schmidtke, Sabine (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 264–279. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696703.013.025. ISBN 9780199696703. LCCN 2016935488. Archived from the original on 2022-11-18. Retrieved 2021-10-19.
Thiele, Jan (2016) [2014]. "Part I: Islamic Theologies during the Formative and the Early Middle period – Between Cordoba and Nīsābūr: The Emergence and Consolidation of Ashʿarism (Fourth–Fifth/Tenth–Eleventh Century)". In Schmidtke, Sabine (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 225–241. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696703.013.45. ISBN 978-0-19-969670-3. LCCN 2016935488.
Rudolph, Ulrich (2016) [2014]. "Part I: Islamic Theologies during the Formative and the Early Middle period – Ḥanafī Theological Tradition and Māturīdism". In Schmidtke, Sabine (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 285–290. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696703.013.023. ISBN 9780199696703. LCCN 2016935488.
(Nasr 1993, p. 77) Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (1 January 1993). Introduction to Islamic Cosmological Doctrines, An. State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-1-4384-1419-5.

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Holzman, Gitit (2022-06-10), Strauss, Ze'ev (ed.), "Persecution and the Art of Commentary: Rabbi Moses Narboni's Analysis of al-Ġazālī's Maqāṣid al Falāsifah (Aims of the Philosophers)", Maimonides Review of Philosophy and Religion Volume 1, 2022, BRILL, pp. 49–78, doi:10.1163/9789004506626_003, ISBN 978-90-04-50661-9, retrieved 2023-05-24

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El-Bizri, Nader (September 2005). "A philosophical perspective on Alhazen's optics". Arabic Sciences and Philosophy. 15 (2): 189–218. doi:10.1017/S0957423905000172. S2CID 123057532.
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• Treiger, Alexander (2016) [2014]. "Part I: Islamic Theologies during the Formative and the Early Middle period – Origins of Kalām". In Schmidtke, Sabine (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 27–43. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696703.013.001. ISBN 9780199696703. LCCN 2016935488. Archived from the original on 2022-11-18. Retrieved 2021-10-19.
• Abrahamov, Binyamin (2016) [2014]. "Part I: Islamic Theologies during the Formative and the Early Middle period – Scripturalist and Traditionalist Theology". In Schmidtke, Sabine (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 264–279. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696703.013.025. ISBN 9780199696703. LCCN 2016935488. Archived from the original on 2022-11-18. Retrieved 2021-10-19.
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Thiele, Jan (2016) [2014]. "Part I: Islamic Theologies during the Formative and the Early Middle period – Between Cordoba and Nīsābūr: The Emergence and Consolidation of Ashʿarism (Fourth–Fifth/Tenth–Eleventh Century)". In Schmidtke, Sabine (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 225–241. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696703.013.45. ISBN 978-0-19-969670-3. LCCN 2016935488.
Rudolph, Ulrich (2016) [2014]. "Part I: Islamic Theologies during the Formative and the Early Middle period – Ḥanafī Theological Tradition and Māturīdism". In Schmidtke, Sabine (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 285–290. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696703.013.023. ISBN 9780199696703. LCCN 2016935488.
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Holzman, Gitit (2022-06-10), Strauss, Ze'ev (ed.), "Persecution and the Art of Commentary: Rabbi Moses Narboni's Analysis of al-Ġazālī's Maqāṣid al Falāsifah (Aims of the Philosophers)", Maimonides Review of Philosophy and Religion Volume 1, 2022, BRILL, pp. 49–78, doi:10.1163/9789004506626_003, ISBN 978-90-04-50661-9, retrieved 2023-05-24
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• Treiger, Alexander (2016) [2014]. "Part I: Islamic Theologies during the Formative and the Early Middle period – Origins of Kalām". In Schmidtke, Sabine (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 27–43. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696703.013.001. ISBN 9780199696703. LCCN 2016935488. Archived from the original on 2022-11-18. Retrieved 2021-10-19.
• Abrahamov, Binyamin (2016) [2014]. "Part I: Islamic Theologies during the Formative and the Early Middle period – Scripturalist and Traditionalist Theology". In Schmidtke, Sabine (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 264–279. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696703.013.025. ISBN 9780199696703. LCCN 2016935488. Archived from the original on 2022-11-18. Retrieved 2021-10-19.
Thiele, Jan (2016) [2014]. "Part I: Islamic Theologies during the Formative and the Early Middle period – Between Cordoba and Nīsābūr: The Emergence and Consolidation of Ashʿarism (Fourth–Fifth/Tenth–Eleventh Century)". In Schmidtke, Sabine (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 225–241. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696703.013.45. ISBN 978-0-19-969670-3. LCCN 2016935488.
Rudolph, Ulrich (2016) [2014]. "Part I: Islamic Theologies during the Formative and the Early Middle period – Ḥanafī Theological Tradition and Māturīdism". In Schmidtke, Sabine (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 285–290. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696703.013.023. ISBN 9780199696703. LCCN 2016935488.

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Wilczyński, Karol (2020), Bokus, Barbara; Kosowska, Ewa (eds.), "Why Is Philosophy Bad for the Soul? Commentary on Al-Ġazālī's Critique of the Philosophers" (PDF), Truth and Falsehood in Science and the Arts, Warsaw University Press, doi:10.31338/uw.9788323542209.pp.46-61, ISBN 978-83-235-4220-9, S2CID 216319017, retrieved 2023-05-24
Jan Z. Wilczynski (December 1959), "On the Presumed Darwinism of Alberuni Eight Hundred Years before Darwin", Isis, 50 (4): 459–466 [459–61], doi:10.1086/348801, S2CID 143086988
Smith, A. Mark (2005), "The Alhacenian Account Of Spatial Perception And Its Epistemological Implications", Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, 15 (2), Cambridge University Press: 219–40, doi:10.1017/S0957423905000184, S2CID 171003284

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History of Europe - Middle Ages - Reform and renewal - Christianity, Judaism, and Islam Archived 2015-05-03 at the Wayback Machine, use TOC
Mustapha, Ariyanti; Nazri, Mohammed Arif (January 2022). "The Golden and Dark Ages of Islamic Jurisprudence: Analyzing the Orientalist Thought". QALAM International Journal of Islamic and Humanities Research. 2 (3): 9–17. ISSN 2773-6334. Archived from the original on 10 March 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
Adamson, Peter (February 2020). "al-Kindi". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford University. Archived from the original on 21 May 2019. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
Druart, Therese-Anne (2020). "al-Farabi". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford University. Archived from the original on 10 July 2022. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
Hasse, Dag Nikolaus (2020). "Influence of Arabic and Islamic Philosophy on the Latin West". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford University. Archived from the original on 21 March 2019. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
• Treiger, Alexander (2016) [2014]. "Part I: Islamic Theologies during the Formative and the Early Middle period – Origins of Kalām". In Schmidtke, Sabine (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 27–43. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696703.013.001. ISBN 9780199696703. LCCN 2016935488. Archived from the original on 2022-11-18. Retrieved 2021-10-19.
• Abrahamov, Binyamin (2016) [2014]. "Part I: Islamic Theologies during the Formative and the Early Middle period – Scripturalist and Traditionalist Theology". In Schmidtke, Sabine (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 264–279. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696703.013.025. ISBN 9780199696703. LCCN 2016935488. Archived from the original on 2022-11-18. Retrieved 2021-10-19.
Peters, J. R. T. M. (1980). "La théologie musulmane et l'étude du langage". Histoire. Épistémologie. Langage (in French). 2 (1: Éléments d'Histoire de la tradition linguistique arabe). Paris: Société d'histoire et d'Épistémologie des Sciences du Langage: 9–19. doi:10.3406/hel.1980.1049. ISSN 1638-1580. Archived from the original on 2021-11-30. Retrieved 2021-11-30.
Abdel Wahab El Messeri. Episode 21: Ibn Rushd Archived 2019-03-30 at the Wayback Machine, Everything you wanted to know about Islam but were afraid to ask, Philosophia Islamica.
"Avicenna/Ibn Sina (ca. 980-1137)". The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Archived from the original on 2009-04-06. Retrieved 2007-07-13.
Nahyan A. G. Fancy (2006), p. 80-81, "Pulmonary Transit and Bodily Resurrection: The Interaction of Medicine, Philosophy and Religion in the Works of Ibn al-Nafīs (d. 1288)", Electronic Theses and Dissertations, University of Notre Dame.[1] Archived 2015-04-04 at the Wayback Machine
"Avicenna (Ibn Sina) | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy". Archived from the original on 2022-10-06. Retrieved 2022-10-06.
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(cf. References Archived 2008-02-29 at the Wayback Machine, 1001 Inventions)
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History of logic: Arabic logic Archived 2007-10-12 at the Wayback Machine, Encyclopædia Britannica.
I. M. Bochenski (1961), "On the history of the history of logic", A history of formal logic, p. 4-10. Translated by I. Thomas, Notre Dame, Indiana University Press. (cf. Ancient Islamic (Arabic and Persian) Logic and Ontology Archived 2007-10-30 at the Wayback Machine)
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Fadlo, Hourani George (1972), "Ibn Sina on necessary and possible existence", Philosophical Forum, 4: 74–86, archived from the original on 2008-02-26, retrieved 2008-01-29
Nahyan A. G. Fancy (2006), "Pulmonary Transit and Bodily Resurrection: The Interaction of Medicine, Philosophy and Religion in the Works of Ibn al-Nafīs (d. 1288)", p. 209-210, Electronic Theses and Dissertations, University of Notre Dame.[2] Archived 2015-04-04 at the Wayback Machine
"Who was Ibn al-Haytham - Ibn Al-Haytham". Ibn Al-Haytham. Archived from the original on 2018-01-29. Retrieved 2018-01-19.
Sabra (2003). Ibn al-Haytham: Brief life of an Arab mathematician Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine, Harvard Magazine, October–December 2003.
A. Abd-Allah. "The Qur'an, Knowledge, and Science". University of Southern California. Archived from the original on 2008-11-28. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
Ehsan Masood, [3] Archived 2019-12-02 at the Wayback Machine, Islam's evolutionary legacy, The Guardian
Farid Alakbarov (Summer 2001). A 13th-Century Darwin? Tusi's Views on Evolution Archived 2019-05-26 at the Wayback Machine, Azerbaijan International 9 (2).
Footnote 27a Archived 2010-11-27 at the Wayback Machine to Chapter 6, Part 5 in Khaldūn, Ibn, The Muqaddimah, Franz Rosenthal (trans.), archived from the original on 2017-12-21, retrieved 2010-02-25
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