Early flying machines (English Wikipedia)

"Aviation History". Retrieved 26 July 2009. In 1799, he set forth for the first time in history the concept of the modern aeroplane. Cayley had identified the drag vector (parallel to the flow) and the lift vector (perpendicular to the flow).

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

"High hopes for replica plane". 10 October 2001 – via news.bbc.co.uk.

books.google.com

Darling, David J. (2003), The Complete Book of Spaceflight: From Apollo 1 to Zero Gravity, New York: John Wiley and Sons, ISBN 0-471-05649-9^{[page needed]}
Howe, Henry (1858), Memoirs of the most eminent American mechanics, New York, New York: Derby & Jackson, ISBN 978-0-608-41799-8
Wise, John (1850), A System of Aeronautics, Comprehending its Earliest Investigations, and Modern Practice and Art, Philadelphia, PA: Joseph A Speel
III, Edgar Wachenheim (25 March 2016). Common Stocks and Common Sense: The Strategies, Analyses, Decisions, and Emotions of a Particularly Successful Value Investor. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-119-25993-0.
Hendrickson, Kenneth E. (2014). The Encyclopedia of the Industrial Revolution in World History. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 488. ISBN 9780810888883.
Needham 1965b, p. 591. —— (1965b). Science and Civilisation in China. Vol. IV (part 2). ISBN 978-0-521-05803-2.
Harrison, James Pinckney (2000). Mastering the Sky. Da Capo Press. p. 27. ISBN 978-1-885119-68-1.
Parramore, Thomas C. (1 March 2003). First to Fly: North Carolina and the Beginnings of Aviation. UNC Press Books. p. 46. ISBN 9780807854709.
Anderson, John David (2018). Inventing Flight: The Wright Brothers & Their Predecessors. JHU Press. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-8018-6875-7.
Magoun, F. Alexander; Hodgins, Eric (1931). A History of Aircraft. Whittlesey House. p. 308.
Gibbs-Smith, C.H. (2000) [1960]. Aviation: An Historical Survey From Its Origins to the End of the Second World War. Science Museum. p. 54. ISBN 978-1-900747-52-3.
Anderson, John David (2004). Inventing Flight: The Wright Brothers & Their Predecessors. JHU Press. p. 145. ISBN 0-8018-6875-0.
Hallion, Richard P. (2003). Taking Flight:Inventing the Aerial Age, from Antiquity through the First World War. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 294–295. ISBN 0-19-516035-5.

britannica.com

"Sir George Cayley (British Inventor and Scientist)". Britannica. Retrieved 26 July 2009. English pioneer of aerial navigation and aeronautical engineering and designer of the first successful glider to carry a human being aloft. Cayley established the modern configuration of an airplane as a fixed-wing flying machine with separate systems for lift, propulsion, and control as early as 1799.

cambodiaphilately.blogspot.com

Fung, Patrick (3 January 2010). "Amazing Musical Kites". Cambodia Philately. Archived from the original on 26 April 2012.

cambridge.org

assets.cambridge.org

Abzug, Malcolm J. and E. Eugene Larrabee."Airplane Stability and Control, Second Edition: A History of the Technologies That Made Aviation Possible." cambridge.org. Retrieved: 21 September 2010.

dayton.lib.oh.us

home.dayton.lib.oh.us

Dayton Metro Library Archived 13 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine Aero Club of America press release

earlyaviators.com

Jines. Ernest. "Santos Dumont in France 1906–1916: The Very Earliest Early Birds." earlyaviators.com, 25 December 2006. Retrieved: 17 August 2009.

fai.org

"100 Years Ago, the Dream of Icarus Became Reality" Archived 13 January 2011 at the Wayback Machine FAI NEWS, 17 December 2003. Retrieved: 5 January 2007. The FAI does not have an official record for the Wright flights, which occurred prior to FAI formation, but informally credits them, such as on its website.

flightglobal.com

"Burattini's Flying Dragon". Flight International. 9 May 1963. Archived from the original on 23 June 2012.
Pritchard, J. Laurence. Summary of First Cayley Memorial Lecture at the Brough Branch of the Royal Aeronautical Society Flight number 2390 volume 66-page 702, 12 November 1954. Retrieved: 29 May 2010. "In thinking of how to construct the lightest possible wheel for aerial navigation cars, an entirely new mode of manufacturing this most useful part of locomotive machines occurred to me: vide, to do away with wooden spokes altogether, and refer the whole firmness of the wheel to the strength of the rim only, by the intervention of tight cording".
Gibbs-Smith, Charles H. (3 April 1959). "Hops and Flights: A roll call of early powered take-offs". Flight. 75 (2619): 468. Archived from the original on 12 May 2019. Retrieved 30 August 2020.

flightjournal.com

Davisson, Budd (2013). "Who Was First? The Wrights or Whitehead?". Flight Journal.

flyingmachines.org

"FLYING MACHINES – William Samuel Henson". www.flyingmachines.org.

imss.fi.it

"Biografie – Enrico Forlanini". Mille Anne di Scienza in Italia. Retrieved 1 December 2013.

janes.com

Paul Jackson (7 March 2013). "Executive Overview: Jane's All the World's Aircraft: Development & Production – 'Justice delayed is justice denied'". IHS Jane's All the World's Aircraft.

monash.edu.au

ctie.monash.edu.au

Naughton, Russell. "John Stringfellow (1799–1883) and William Samuel Henson (1812–1888) – Aviation Pioneers". www.ctie.monash.edu.au.
"The Pioneers : An Anthology". Centre for Telecommunications and Information Engineering. Monash University.

msstate.edu

invention.psychology.msstate.edu

Cayley, George. "On Aerial Navigation" Part 1 Archived 11 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Part 2 Archived 11 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Part 3 Archived 11 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine Nicholson's Journal of Natural Philosophy, 1809–1810. (Via NASA). Raw text. Retrieved: 30 May 2010.
Chanute, Octave (November 1892). "Progress in Flying Machines: Aeroplanes, Part IV". The Railroad and Engineering Journal. Retrieved 30 December 2013.

nasa.gov

aeronautics.nasa.gov

Cayley, George. "On Aerial Navigation" Part 1 Archived 11 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Part 2 Archived 11 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Part 3 Archived 11 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine Nicholson's Journal of Natural Philosophy, 1809–1810. (Via NASA). Raw text. Retrieved: 30 May 2010.
Cayley, G.; On Aerial Navigation Part 1, Page 3, "Probably a much cheaper engine of this sort might be produced by a gas-light apparatus, and by firing the inflammable air generated, with a due portion of common air, under a piston". "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 May 2013. Retrieved 16 October 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

history.nasa.gov

"The Cross-licensing Agreement". NASA. Retrieved 7 March 2009.

nasaexplores.com

media.nasaexplores.com

"Wind Tunnels" (PDF). NASA. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 March 2008.

newscientist.com

New Scientist; "They All Laughed". 11 October 2003.

norwichbulletin.com

Smyth, Julie Carr (30 April 2015). "Connecticut lawmaker holds fast to 1st-in-flight claim". The Bulletin. Gannett Co., Inc. Retrieved 16 November 2022.

nytimes.com

timesmachine.nytimes.com

"Kite Flying for Fun and Science" (PDF). The New York Times. 1907.
"M. Santos Dumont Rounds Eiffel Tower" (PDF). The New York Times. 20 October 1901.

nytimes.com

Quoted in O'Conner, Patricia T. (17 November 1985). "In Short: Nonfiction; Man Was Meant to Fly, But Not at First". The New York Times.

santos-dumont.net

"Cronologia de Santos Dumont" (in Portuguese). santos-dumont.net.Retrieved: 12 October 2010.

saudiaramcoworld.com

"First Flights". Saudi Aramco World. 15 (1): 8–9. January–February 1964. Archived from the original on 3 May 2008. Retrieved 8 July 2008.

sciencemuseum.org.uk

Science Museum - Home - The Giffard Airship, 1852., Science Museum, archived from the original on 6 April 2012, retrieved 30 August 2020

si.edu

nasm.si.edu

"The Wright Brothers". www.nasm.si.edu. 11 August 2020.

subvision.net

Sarak, Sim; Yarin, Cheang (2002). "Khmer Kites". Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts, Cambodia.

teamultimedia.com

p.4 Archived 5 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine

uchicago.edu

penelope.uchicago.edu

Gellius, Aulus, "Attic Nights", Book X, 12.9 at LacusCurtius

umd.edu

terpconnect.umd.edu

Leishman, J. Gordon (2006). Principles of Helicopter Aerodynamics. Cambridge aerospace. Vol. 18. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 7–9. ISBN 978-0-521-85860-1. Archived from the original on 13 July 2014.

undiscoveredscotland.co.uk

"Captain Bertram Dickson". Undiscovered Scotland: The Ultimate Online Guide. Retrieved 11 February 2011.

virginia.edu

ovid.lib.virginia.edu

Kline, A. S. "Metamorphoses (Kline) 8, the Ovid Collection, Univ. of Virginia E-Text Center". The Ovid Collection. University of Virginia Library. Retrieved 6 February 2020.

wdl.org

"Telegram from Orville Wright in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, to His Father Announcing Four Successful Flights, 17 December 1903". World Digital Library. 17 December 1903.

web.archive.org

ARCHYTAS OF TARENTUM, Technology Museum of Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
Automata history.
"First Flights". Saudi Aramco World. 15 (1): 8–9. January–February 1964. Archived from the original on 3 May 2008. Retrieved 8 July 2008.
Fung, Patrick (3 January 2010). "Amazing Musical Kites". Cambodia Philately. Archived from the original on 26 April 2012.
Tarlton, John. "Ancient Maori Kites". Ancient Maori Kites. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
Leishman, J. Gordon (2006). Principles of Helicopter Aerodynamics. Cambridge aerospace. Vol. 18. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 7–9. ISBN 978-0-521-85860-1. Archived from the original on 13 July 2014.
Science Museum - Home - The Giffard Airship, 1852., Science Museum, archived from the original on 6 April 2012, retrieved 30 August 2020
"Burattini's Flying Dragon". Flight International. 9 May 1963. Archived from the original on 23 June 2012.
Cayley, George. "On Aerial Navigation" Part 1 Archived 11 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Part 2 Archived 11 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Part 3 Archived 11 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine Nicholson's Journal of Natural Philosophy, 1809–1810. (Via NASA). Raw text. Retrieved: 30 May 2010.
Cayley, G.; On Aerial Navigation Part 1, Page 3, "Probably a much cheaper engine of this sort might be produced by a gas-light apparatus, and by firing the inflammable air generated, with a due portion of common air, under a piston". "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 May 2013. Retrieved 16 October 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
Gibbs-Smith, Charles H. (3 April 1959). "Hops and Flights: A roll call of early powered take-offs". Flight. 75 (2619): 468. Archived from the original on 12 May 2019. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
Dodson, MG (2005), "An Historical and Applied Aerodynamic Study of the Wright Brothers' Wind Tunnel Test Program and Application to Successful Manned Flight", US Naval Academy Technical Report, USNA-334, archived from the original on 5 September 2011, retrieved 11 March 2009{{citation}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
"100 Years Ago, the Dream of Icarus Became Reality" Archived 13 January 2011 at the Wayback Machine FAI NEWS, 17 December 2003. Retrieved: 5 January 2007. The FAI does not have an official record for the Wright flights, which occurred prior to FAI formation, but informally credits them, such as on its website.
Dayton Metro Library Archived 13 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine Aero Club of America press release
p.4 Archived 5 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine

worldcat.org

Needham, Joseph (1978–1995). The shorter Science and civilisation in China : an abridgement of Joseph Needham's original text. Ronan, Colin A. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-21821-7. OCLC 3345021.
Durant, Will (2001). Heroes of History: A Brief History of Civilization from Ancient Times to the Dawn of the Modern Age. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 209. ISBN 978-0-7432-2612-7. OCLC 869434122.

search.worldcat.org

Needham, Joseph (1978–1995). The shorter Science and civilisation in China : an abridgement of Joseph Needham's original text. Ronan, Colin A. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-21821-7. OCLC 3345021.
Durant, Will (2001). Heroes of History: A Brief History of Civilization from Ancient Times to the Dawn of the Modern Age. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 209. ISBN 978-0-7432-2612-7. OCLC 869434122.