References analysis of the Wikipedia article "Early skyscrapers" in the English version

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Kendrick, A. F. (1902). "2: The Central Tower". The Cathedral Church of Lincoln: A History and Description of its Fabric and a List of the Bishops. London: George Bell & Sons. p. 60. ISBN 978-1-178-03666-4. The tall spire of timber, covered with lead, which originally crowned this tower reached an altitude, it is said, of 525 feet; but this is doubtful. This spire was blown down during a tempest in January 1547–8.

Landau & Condit 1996, p. ix Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. ix–x; Condit 1968, p. 115 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286. Condit, Carl W. (1968). American Building: Materials and Techniques from the Beginning of the Colonial Settlements to the Present. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. OCLC 600614625.

Landau & Condit 1996, p. 135 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Willis 1995, p. 34; Goldberger 1985, p. 4; Ford 2005, p. 20 Willis, Carol (1995). Form Follows Finance: Skyscrapers and Skylines in New York and Chicago. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. ISBN 9781568980447. Goldberger, Paul (1985). The Skyscraper. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0394715861. Ford, Larry R. (2005). Cities and Buildings: Skyscrapers, Skid Rows and Suburbs. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 9780801846472.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 1–2 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Bluestone 1991, p. 3 Bluestone, Daniel (1991). Constructing Chicago. New Haven, Connecticut, and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300048483.

Cronon 1992, p. 68; Bluestone 1991, p. 1 Cronon, William (1992). Nature's Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West. New York: Norton. ISBN 9780393308730. Bluestone, Daniel (1991). Constructing Chicago. New Haven, Connecticut, and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300048483.

Cronon 1992, p. 345; Schleier 1986, p. 5; Bluestone 1991, p. 112 Cronon, William (1992). Nature's Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West. New York: Norton. ISBN 9780393308730. Schleier, Merill (1986). The Skyscraper in American Art, 1890–1931. New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN 0306803852. Bluestone, Daniel (1991). Constructing Chicago. New Haven, Connecticut, and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300048483.

Willis 1995, p. 36; Cronon 1992, p. 346 Willis, Carol (1995). Form Follows Finance: Skyscrapers and Skylines in New York and Chicago. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. ISBN 9781568980447. Cronon, William (1992). Nature's Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West. New York: Norton. ISBN 9780393308730.

Cronon 1992, p. 346; Bluestone 1991, p. 114 Cronon, William (1992). Nature's Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West. New York: Norton. ISBN 9780393308730. Bluestone, Daniel (1991). Constructing Chicago. New Haven, Connecticut, and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300048483.

Cronon 1992, p. 346; Landau & Condit 1996, p. 35 Cronon, William (1992). Nature's Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West. New York: Norton. ISBN 9780393308730. Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, p. 18 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 18, 109 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, p. 109 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Condit 1968, pp. 114–115; Landau & Condit 1996, p. 18 Condit, Carl W. (1968). American Building: Materials and Techniques from the Beginning of the Colonial Settlements to the Present. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. OCLC 600614625. Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 21–22 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, p. 23 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, p. 24 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 27–30 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 23–24 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, p. 35; Abramson 2001, p. 84 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286. Abramson, Daniel M. (2001). Skyscraper Rivals: the AIG Building and the Architecture of Wall Street. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. ISBN 9781568982441.

Landau & Condit 1996, p. 36 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 36–37; Ford 2005, p. 21 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286. Ford, Larry R. (2005). Cities and Buildings: Skyscrapers, Skid Rows and Suburbs. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 9780801846472.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 30–31 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, p. 30 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, p. 38 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, p. 32 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 33–34 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Schleier 1986, p. 5; Condit 1968, p. 115; Ford 2005, p. 22 Schleier, Merill (1986). The Skyscraper in American Art, 1890–1931. New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN 0306803852. Condit, Carl W. (1968). American Building: Materials and Techniques from the Beginning of the Colonial Settlements to the Present. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. OCLC 600614625. Ford, Larry R. (2005). Cities and Buildings: Skyscrapers, Skid Rows and Suburbs. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 9780801846472.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. xiv–xv Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Willis 1995, p. 50; Bluestone 1991, p. 112 Willis, Carol (1995). Form Follows Finance: Skyscrapers and Skylines in New York and Chicago. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. ISBN 9781568980447. Bluestone, Daniel (1991). Constructing Chicago. New Haven, Connecticut, and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300048483.

Bluestone 1991, pp. 114–115 Bluestone, Daniel (1991). Constructing Chicago. New Haven, Connecticut, and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300048483.

Bluestone 1991, p. 145 Bluestone, Daniel (1991). Constructing Chicago. New Haven, Connecticut, and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300048483.

Ford 2005, p. 25; Revell 2005, p. 43; refs for buildings needed. Ford, Larry R. (2005). Cities and Buildings: Skyscrapers, Skid Rows and Suburbs. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 9780801846472. Revell, Keith D. (2005). "Law Makes Order: The Search for Ensemble in the Skyscraper City, 1890–1930". In Moudry, Roberta (ed.). The American Skyscraper: Cultural Histories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521624213.

Landau & Condit 1996, p. 185 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Bluestone 1991, pp. 105–106; Willis 1995, p. 11; Goldberger 1985, p. 21 Bluestone, Daniel (1991). Constructing Chicago. New Haven, Connecticut, and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300048483. Willis, Carol (1995). Form Follows Finance: Skyscrapers and Skylines in New York and Chicago. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. ISBN 9781568980447. Goldberger, Paul (1985). The Skyscraper. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0394715861.

Bluestone 1991, pp. 143–144; Bragdon 2003, p. 158 Bluestone, Daniel (1991). Constructing Chicago. New Haven, Connecticut, and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300048483. Bragdon, Charles (2003) [First published 1909]. "Architecture in the United States III: The Skyscraper". In Shepherd, Roger (ed.). Skyscraper: the Search for an American Style, 1891–1941. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0071369708.

Bluestone 1991, pp. 143–144; Bragdon 2003, p. 158; Root, p.71, cited Bluestone 1991, p. 115 Bluestone, Daniel (1991). Constructing Chicago. New Haven, Connecticut, and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300048483. Bragdon, Charles (2003) [First published 1909]. "Architecture in the United States III: The Skyscraper". In Shepherd, Roger (ed.). Skyscraper: the Search for an American Style, 1891–1941. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0071369708. Bluestone, Daniel (1991). Constructing Chicago. New Haven, Connecticut, and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300048483.

Bluestone 1991, pp. 144–145 Bluestone, Daniel (1991). Constructing Chicago. New Haven, Connecticut, and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300048483.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 185–186 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Bluestone 1991, p. 135 Bluestone, Daniel (1991). Constructing Chicago. New Haven, Connecticut, and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300048483.

Bluestone 1991, p. 119 Bluestone, Daniel (1991). Constructing Chicago. New Haven, Connecticut, and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300048483.

Flinn 1893, p. 197 cited Bluestone 1991, p. 119; Bluestone 1991, p. 119 Flinn, John J. (1893). The Standard Guide of Chicago. Chicago: Standard Guide Company. OCLC 665222676. Bluestone, Daniel (1991). Constructing Chicago. New Haven, Connecticut, and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300048483. Bluestone, Daniel (1991). Constructing Chicago. New Haven, Connecticut, and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300048483.

Bluestone 1991, p. 123 Bluestone, Daniel (1991). Constructing Chicago. New Haven, Connecticut, and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300048483.

Bluestone 1991, pp. 123–138 Bluestone, Daniel (1991). Constructing Chicago. New Haven, Connecticut, and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300048483.

Landau & Condit 1996, p. 186 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 184–186 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Ford 2005, p. 24 Ford, Larry R. (2005). Cities and Buildings: Skyscrapers, Skid Rows and Suburbs. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 9780801846472.

Bluestone 1991, pp. 128, 132 Bluestone, Daniel (1991). Constructing Chicago. New Haven, Connecticut, and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300048483.

Bluestone 1991, p. 141 Bluestone, Daniel (1991). Constructing Chicago. New Haven, Connecticut, and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300048483.

Bluestone 1991, p. 150 Bluestone, Daniel (1991). Constructing Chicago. New Haven, Connecticut, and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300048483.

Bluestone 1991, pp. 5, 150 Bluestone, Daniel (1991). Constructing Chicago. New Haven, Connecticut, and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300048483.

Ford 2005, p. 31 Ford, Larry R. (2005). Cities and Buildings: Skyscrapers, Skid Rows and Suburbs. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 9780801846472.

Bluestone 1991, p. 150; Willis 1995, p. 9 Bluestone, Daniel (1991). Constructing Chicago. New Haven, Connecticut, and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300048483. Willis, Carol (1995). Form Follows Finance: Skyscrapers and Skylines in New York and Chicago. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. ISBN 9781568980447.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 298, 395 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 288–399 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, p. 301 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 302–304 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 302–304; Goldberger 1985, p. 38 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286. Goldberger, Paul (1985). The Skyscraper. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0394715861.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 354–355 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, p. 355 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, p. 357 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 359–361 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, p. 354 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Moudry 2005b, pp. 120–125; Landau & Condit 1996, p. 361 Moudry, Roberta (2005b). "The Corporate and the Civic: Metropolitan Life's Home Office Building". In Moudry, Roberta (ed.). The American Skyscraper: Cultural Histories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521624213. Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Moudry 2005b, p. 125; Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 361, 364–366 Moudry, Roberta (2005b). "The Corporate and the Civic: Metropolitan Life's Home Office Building". In Moudry, Roberta (ed.). The American Skyscraper: Cultural Histories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521624213. Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 366–367 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 381–382 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 381–382; Goldberger 1985, p. 42 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286. Goldberger, Paul (1985). The Skyscraper. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0394715861.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 383–384 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, p. 386 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Fenske 2005, pp. 20. 29; Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 384, 387; Goldberger 1985, p. 44 Fenske, Gail (2005). "The Beaux-Arts Architect and the Skyscraper: Cass Gilbert, the Professional Engineer, and the Rationalization of Construction in Chicago and New York". In Moudry, Roberta (ed.). The American Skyscraper: Cultural Histories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521624213. Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286. Goldberger, Paul (1985). The Skyscraper. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0394715861.

Landau & Condit 1996, p. 390 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 382, 387 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 373–374 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Schleier 1986, p. 8; Bragdon 2003, p. 155 Schleier, Merill (1986). The Skyscraper in American Art, 1890–1931. New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN 0306803852. Bragdon, Charles (2003) [First published 1909]. "Architecture in the United States III: The Skyscraper". In Shepherd, Roger (ed.). Skyscraper: the Search for an American Style, 1891–1941. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0071369708.

Cronon 1992, p. 12 Cronon, William (1992). Nature's Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West. New York: Norton. ISBN 9780393308730.

Bragdon 2003, pp. 155–156 Bragdon, Charles (2003) [First published 1909]. "Architecture in the United States III: The Skyscraper". In Shepherd, Roger (ed.). Skyscraper: the Search for an American Style, 1891–1941. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0071369708.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 393–395 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Willis 1995, p. 85; Clark & Kingston 1930, cited Abramson 2001, p. 55 Willis, Carol (1995). Form Follows Finance: Skyscrapers and Skylines in New York and Chicago. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. ISBN 9781568980447. Clark, W. C.; Kingston, John Lyndhurst (1930). The Skyscraper: a Study in the Economic Height of Modern Office Buildings. New York: American Institute of Steel Construction. OCLC 1032783. Abramson, Daniel M. (2001). Skyscraper Rivals: the AIG Building and the Architecture of Wall Street. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. ISBN 9781568982441.

Schleier 1986, p. 69; Ford 2005, p. 53; Willis 1995, p. 9 Schleier, Merill (1986). The Skyscraper in American Art, 1890–1931. New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN 0306803852. Ford, Larry R. (2005). Cities and Buildings: Skyscrapers, Skid Rows and Suburbs. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 9780801846472. Willis, Carol (1995). Form Follows Finance: Skyscrapers and Skylines in New York and Chicago. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. ISBN 9781568980447.

Ford 2005, pp. 36–37, 39 Ford, Larry R. (2005). Cities and Buildings: Skyscrapers, Skid Rows and Suburbs. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 9780801846472.

Douglas 1996, p. 85 Douglas, George H. (1996). Skyscrapers: a Social History of the Very Tall Building in America. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. ISBN 9780786420308.

Douglas 1996, p. 85; Ford 2005, p. 38 Douglas, George H. (1996). Skyscrapers: a Social History of the Very Tall Building in America. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. ISBN 9780786420308. Ford, Larry R. (2005). Cities and Buildings: Skyscrapers, Skid Rows and Suburbs. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 9780801846472.

Clark 1991, p. 157; Binder 2006, p. 64; Ford 2005, p. 25; Walter 1993, p. 205 Clark, Lyndhurst (1991). "Canadian Cities: Recent Developments and the Changing Image". In Robinson, Guy M. (ed.). A Social Geography of Canada (Revised ed.). Toronto: Dundurn Press. ISBN 9781550020922. Binder, George (2006). Tall Buildings of Europe, The Middle East And Africa. Victoria, Australia: Images Publishing. ISBN 9781876907815. Ford, Larry R. (2005). Cities and Buildings: Skyscrapers, Skid Rows and Suburbs. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 9780801846472. Walter, Richard J. (1993). Politics and Urban Growth in Buenos Aires, 1910–1942. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521530651.

Ford 2005, p. 37; Goldberger 1985, p. 19 Ford, Larry R. (2005). Cities and Buildings: Skyscrapers, Skid Rows and Suburbs. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 9780801846472. Goldberger, Paul (1985). The Skyscraper. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0394715861.

Shepherd 2003, p. 259; Abramson 2001, p. 49 Shepherd, Roger, ed. (2003). Skyscraper: the Search for an American Style, 1891–1941. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0071369708. Abramson, Daniel M. (2001). Skyscraper Rivals: the AIG Building and the Architecture of Wall Street. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. ISBN 9781568982441.

Willis 1995, p. 102; Shepherd 2003, p. 259 Willis, Carol (1995). Form Follows Finance: Skyscrapers and Skylines in New York and Chicago. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. ISBN 9781568980447. Shepherd, Roger, ed. (2003). Skyscraper: the Search for an American Style, 1891–1941. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0071369708.

Shepherd 2003, p. 226 Shepherd, Roger, ed. (2003). Skyscraper: the Search for an American Style, 1891–1941. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0071369708.

Willis 1995, p. 164; Ford 2005, p. 41; Abramson 2001, p. 29 Willis, Carol (1995). Form Follows Finance: Skyscrapers and Skylines in New York and Chicago. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. ISBN 9781568980447. Ford, Larry R. (2005). Cities and Buildings: Skyscrapers, Skid Rows and Suburbs. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 9780801846472. Abramson, Daniel M. (2001). Skyscraper Rivals: the AIG Building and the Architecture of Wall Street. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. ISBN 9781568982441.

Willis 1995, p. 164; Ford 2005, p. 41 Willis, Carol (1995). Form Follows Finance: Skyscrapers and Skylines in New York and Chicago. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. ISBN 9781568980447. Ford, Larry R. (2005). Cities and Buildings: Skyscrapers, Skid Rows and Suburbs. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 9780801846472.

Goldberger 1985, pp. 82–83; Douglas 1996, p. 96 Goldberger, Paul (1985). The Skyscraper. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0394715861. Douglas, George H. (1996). Skyscrapers: a Social History of the Very Tall Building in America. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. ISBN 9780786420308.

Douglas 1996, p. 96; Goldberger 1985, p. 80 Douglas, George H. (1996). Skyscrapers: a Social History of the Very Tall Building in America. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. ISBN 9780786420308. Goldberger, Paul (1985). The Skyscraper. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0394715861.

Douglas 1996, p. 97 Douglas, George H. (1996). Skyscrapers: a Social History of the Very Tall Building in America. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. ISBN 9780786420308.

Douglas 1996, pp. 97–97 Douglas, George H. (1996). Skyscrapers: a Social History of the Very Tall Building in America. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. ISBN 9780786420308.

Krinsky 2005, pp. 202–204, 208; Ford 2005, p. 43 Krinsky, Carol Herselle (2005). "The Skyscraper Ensemble in Its Urban Context: Rockefeller Center". In Moudry, Roberta (ed.). The American Skyscraper: Cultural Histories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521624213. Ford, Larry R. (2005). Cities and Buildings: Skyscrapers, Skid Rows and Suburbs. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 9780801846472.

Landau & Condit 1996, p. 361 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, p. 366 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Ford 2005, pp. 2–3 Ford, Larry R. (2005). Cities and Buildings: Skyscrapers, Skid Rows and Suburbs. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 9780801846472.

Willis 1995, pp. 7–9; Moudry 2005a, p. 3; Landau & Condit 1996, p. ix Willis, Carol (1995). Form Follows Finance: Skyscrapers and Skylines in New York and Chicago. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. ISBN 9781568980447. Moudry, Roberta (2005a). "Introduction". In Moudry, Roberta (ed.). The American Skyscraper: Cultural Histories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521624213. Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

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Landau & Condit 1996, p. ix Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Condit 1968, p. 114 Condit, Carl W. (1968). American Building: Materials and Techniques from the Beginning of the Colonial Settlements to the Present. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. OCLC 600614625.

Landau & Condit 1996, p. 135 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 1–2 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Condit 1968, p. 121 Condit, Carl W. (1968). American Building: Materials and Techniques from the Beginning of the Colonial Settlements to the Present. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. OCLC 600614625.

Landau & Condit 1996, p. 18 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 18, 109 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, p. 109 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Condit 1968, pp. 116–117 Condit, Carl W. (1968). American Building: Materials and Techniques from the Beginning of the Colonial Settlements to the Present. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. OCLC 600614625.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 21–22 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, p. 23 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Condit 1968, p. 125 Condit, Carl W. (1968). American Building: Materials and Techniques from the Beginning of the Colonial Settlements to the Present. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. OCLC 600614625.

Condit 1968, pp. 116 Condit, Carl W. (1968). American Building: Materials and Techniques from the Beginning of the Colonial Settlements to the Present. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. OCLC 600614625.

Landau & Condit 1996, p. 24 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 27–30 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 23–24 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, p. 36 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 30–31 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, p. 30 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, p. 38 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, p. 32 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 33–34 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Schleier 1986, p. 5; Condit 1968, p. 114 Schleier, Merill (1986). The Skyscraper in American Art, 1890–1931. New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN 0306803852. Condit, Carl W. (1968). American Building: Materials and Techniques from the Beginning of the Colonial Settlements to the Present. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. OCLC 600614625.

Condit 1968, pp. 116–117; Goldberger 1985, p. 23 Condit, Carl W. (1968). American Building: Materials and Techniques from the Beginning of the Colonial Settlements to the Present. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. OCLC 600614625. Goldberger, Paul (1985). The Skyscraper. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0394715861.

Condit 1968, pp. 123–124; Goldberger 1985, p. 22 Condit, Carl W. (1968). American Building: Materials and Techniques from the Beginning of the Colonial Settlements to the Present. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. OCLC 600614625. Goldberger, Paul (1985). The Skyscraper. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0394715861.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. xiv–xv Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Condit 1968, pp. 124–125 Condit, Carl W. (1968). American Building: Materials and Techniques from the Beginning of the Colonial Settlements to the Present. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. OCLC 600614625.

Condit 1968, p. 126 Condit, Carl W. (1968). American Building: Materials and Techniques from the Beginning of the Colonial Settlements to the Present. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. OCLC 600614625.

Condit 1968, p. 127 Condit, Carl W. (1968). American Building: Materials and Techniques from the Beginning of the Colonial Settlements to the Present. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. OCLC 600614625.

Willis 1995, p. 9; Condit 1968, p. 118 Willis, Carol (1995). Form Follows Finance: Skyscrapers and Skylines in New York and Chicago. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. ISBN 9781568980447. Condit, Carl W. (1968). American Building: Materials and Techniques from the Beginning of the Colonial Settlements to the Present. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. OCLC 600614625.

Willis 1995, p. 9; Condit 1968, p. 119 Willis, Carol (1995). Form Follows Finance: Skyscrapers and Skylines in New York and Chicago. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. ISBN 9781568980447. Condit, Carl W. (1968). American Building: Materials and Techniques from the Beginning of the Colonial Settlements to the Present. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. OCLC 600614625.

Condit 1968, p. 119 Condit, Carl W. (1968). American Building: Materials and Techniques from the Beginning of the Colonial Settlements to the Present. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. OCLC 600614625.

Landau & Condit 1996, p. 185 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Ferree 1893, p. 231 cited Willis 1995, p. 15 Ferree, Barr (1893). "Economic Conditions of Architecture in America". In Stone, Alfred (ed.). Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh Annual Convention of the American Institute of Architects. Chicago: Inland Architect Press. OCLC 793133310. Willis, Carol (1995). Form Follows Finance: Skyscrapers and Skylines in New York and Chicago. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. ISBN 9781568980447.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 185–186 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, p. 186 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 184–186 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 298, 395 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 288–399 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, p. 301 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 302–304 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 354–355 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, p. 355 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, p. 357 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 359–361 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, p. 354 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 366–367 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 381–382 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 383–384 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, p. 386 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, p. 390 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 382, 387 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 373–374 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Schuyler 1961, p. 443 cited Revell 2005, p. 39; Revell 2005, pp. 39–40 Schuyler, Montgomery (1961). American Architecture and Other Writings. Vol. 2. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. OCLC 312509850. Revell, Keith D. (2005). "Law Makes Order: The Search for Ensemble in the Skyscraper City, 1890–1930". In Moudry, Roberta (ed.). The American Skyscraper: Cultural Histories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521624213. Revell, Keith D. (2005). "Law Makes Order: The Search for Ensemble in the Skyscraper City, 1890–1930". In Moudry, Roberta (ed.). The American Skyscraper: Cultural Histories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521624213.

Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 393–395 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Willis 1995, p. 69; American Art Publishing 1918, p. 11 Willis, Carol (1995). Form Follows Finance: Skyscrapers and Skylines in New York and Chicago. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. ISBN 9781568980447. American Art Publishing (1918). New York: the Wonder City. New York: American Art Publishing Co. OCLC 52292672.

Le Corbusier 1947, p. 45 cited Page 2005, p. 181 Le Corbusier (1947). When the Cathedrals Were White. New York: Reynal and Hitchcock. OCLC 557745249. Page, Max (2005). "The Heights and Depths of Urbanism: Fifth Avenue and the Creative Destruction of Manhattan". In Moudry, Roberta (ed.). The American Skyscraper: Cultural Histories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521624213.

Landau & Condit 1996, p. 361 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Landau & Condit 1996, p. 366 Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.

Early skyscrapers (English Wikipedia)

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