East Africa (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "East Africa" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

33web.archive.org

1^st place

19doi.org

2^nd place

13nih.gov

4^th place

11books.google.com

3^rd place

8harvard.edu

18^th place

17^th place

6semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

5worldcat.org

5^th place

3afdb.org

low place

9,028^th place

3un.org

97^th place

164^th place

2tandfonline.com

507^th place

429^th place

2bbc.com

20^th place

30^th place

2garoweonline.com

low place

1irinnews.org

5,284^th place

4,199^th place

1eac.int

low place

1unep.org

3,624^th place

3,031^st place

1irena.org

low place

9,948^th place

1cam.ac.uk

670^th place

480^th place

1wayne.edu

8,028^th place

4,755^th place

1smithsonianmag.com

503^rd place

364^th place

1rero.ch

3,510^th place

2,263^rd place

1science.org

1,160^th place

737^th place

1npr.org

92^nd place

72^nd place

1theatlantic.com

228^th place

158^th place

1nytimes.com

7^th place

1fordham.edu

1,648^th place

1,137^th place

1lumenlearning.com

6,866^th place

4,730^th place

1archive.org

6^th place

1washington.edu

1,067^th place

749^th place

1jhu.edu

699^th place

479^th place

1oup.com

485^th place

440^th place

1reuters.com

49^th place

47^th place

1undp.org

369^th place

616^th place

1bbc.co.uk

8^th place

10^th place

1cia.gov

89^th place

147^th place

1citypopulation.de

289^th place

486^th place

1reliefweb.int

2,136^th place

1,442^nd place

1nature.com

234^th place

397^th place

1google.com

163^rd place

185^th place

1uiowa.edu

3,018^th place

1,865^th place

1sciencefocus.com

low place

8,501^st place

1tripindigo.com

low place

1halowaypoint.com

low place

1nifc.ke

low place

afdb.org

"East Africa Regional Overview". African Development Bank — Building today, a better Africa tomorrow. 8 June 2019. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
"Fastest growing region in africa". 2024.
https://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/press-releases/41-african-countries-set-stronger-growth-2024-keeping-continent-second-fastest-growing-region-world-african-development-banks-economic-outlook-71384

archive.org

Jens Finke (2010). The Rough Guide to Tanzania. Rough Guides. ISBN 978-1-4053-8018-8.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

"Sudan's Omar Bashir warning over Abyei". BBC News. 11 July 2011. Archived from the original on 13 October 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2011.

bbc.com

"Somaliland profile". BBC News. 11 July 2011. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
"Puntland profile". BBC News. 11 July 2011. Retrieved 10 June 2024.

books.google.com

Andebrhan Welde Giorgis (2014). Eritrea at a Crossroads: A Narrative of Triumph, Betrayal and Hope. Strategic Book Publishing. p. 21. ISBN 978-1-62857-331-2. Archived from the original on 13 October 2022. Retrieved 14 October 2015.
David Phillipson: revised by Michael DiBlasi (1 November 2012). Neil Asher Silberman (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Archaeology (Second ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 48. ISBN 9780199735785. Archived from the original on 6 February 2015. Retrieved 11 November 2016.
James De Vere Allen (1993). Swahili Origins: Swahili Culture & the Shungwaya Phenomenon. James Currey Publishers. ISBN 978-0-85255-075-5. Archived from the original on 13 October 2022. Retrieved 23 January 2018.
Klein, Martin A.; Wesley Johnson, G. (8 January 2010). "Perspectives on the African past – Google Books". Archived from the original on 13 October 2022. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
Rich, Evelyn Jones; Wallerstein, Immanuel Maurice (2 July 1971). Africa: Tradition and Change. Random House School Division. ISBN 9780394009384. Archived from the original on 13 October 2022. Retrieved 14 October 2015 – via Google Books.
"isbn:0714611026 - Google Search". books.google.com.
"isbn:1743213026 – Google Search". books.google.com.
Gonzales, Rhonda M. (30 August 2009). Societies, religion, and history: central-east Tanzanians and the world they created, c. 200 BCE to 1800 CE. Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231142427. Archived from the original on 13 October 2022. Retrieved 14 October 2015 – via Google Books.
Lane, Frederic Chapin (November 1973). Venice, A Maritime Republic. JHU Press. ISBN 9780801814600.
Cunningham, James Frederick (1905). "Uganda and Its Peoples: Notes on the Protectorate of Uganda, Especially the Anthropology and Ethnology of Its Indigenous Races".
Davis, Mike (July 2002). Late Victorian Holocausts: El Niño Famines and the Making of the Third World. Verso. pp. 263–266. ISBN 978-1-85984-382-6. Archived from the original on 13 October 2022. Retrieved 14 October 2015.

cam.ac.uk

human-evol.cam.ac.uk

Searching for traces of the Southern Dispersal Archived 10 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine, by Dr. Marta Mirazón Lahr, et al.

cia.gov

"The World Factbook – Population". CIA. Archived from the original on 4 October 2018. Retrieved 20 December 2017.

citypopulation.de

Madagascar City Population

doi.org

Liu H, Prugnolle F, Manica A, Balloux F (August 2006). "A geographically explicit genetic model of worldwide human-settlement history". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 79 (2): 230–7. doi:10.1086/505436. PMC 1559480. PMID 16826514.
Mitchell, Peter (1 October 2020). "Settling Madagascar: When Did People First Colonize the World's Largest Island?". The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology. 15 (4): 576–595. doi:10.1080/15564894.2019.1582567. ISSN 1556-4894.
Balter M (January 2011). "Was North Africa the launch pad for modern human migrations?". Science. 331 (6013): 20–3. Bibcode:2011Sci...331...20B. doi:10.1126/science.331.6013.20. PMID 21212332.
Ghirotto S; Penso-Dolfin L; Barbujani G (August 2011). "Genomic evidence for an African expansion of anatomically modern humans by a Southern route". Human Biology. 83 (4): 477–89. doi:10.3378/027.083.0403. PMID 21846205. S2CID 17344813. Archived from the original on 22 December 2019. Retrieved 2 November 2019. Data on cranial morphology have been interpreted as suggesting that, before the main expansion from Africa through the Near East, anatomically modern humans may also have taken a Southern route from the Horn of Africa through the Arabian peninsula to India, Melanesia and Australia, about 100,000 yrs ago.
Mellars, P; KC, Gori; M, Carr; PA, Soares; Richards, MB (June 2013). "Genetic and archaeological perspectives on the initial modern human colonization of southern Asia". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 110 (26): 10699–704. Bibcode:2013PNAS..11010699M. doi:10.1073/pnas.1306043110. PMC 3696785. PMID 23754394. These data support a coastally oriented dispersal of modern humans from eastern Africa to southern Asia ~60-50 thousand years ago (ka). This was associated with distinctively African microlithic and "backed-segment" technologies analogous to the African "Howiesons Poort" and related technologies, together with a range of distinctively "modern" cultural and symbolic features (highly shaped bone tools, personal ornaments, abstract artistic motifs, microblade technology, etc.), similar to those that accompanied the replacement of "archaic" Neanderthal by anatomically modern human populations in other regions of western Eurasia at a broadly similar date.
White, Tim D.; Asfaw, B.; DeGusta, D.; Gilbert, H.; Richards, G. D.; Suwa, G.; Howell, F. C. (2003), "Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia", Nature, 423 (6491): 742–747, Bibcode:2003Natur.423..742W, doi:10.1038/nature01669, PMID 12802332, S2CID 4432091
Fleagle, John G.; Brown, Francis H.; McDougall, Ian (17 February 2005). "Stratigraphic placement and age of modern humans from Kibish, Ethiopia" (PDF). Nature. 433 (7027): 733–736. Bibcode:2005Natur.433..733M. doi:10.1038/nature03258. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 15716951. S2CID 1454595. (registration required)
Hammond, Ashley S.; Royer, Danielle F.; Fleagle, John G. (July 2017). "The Omo-Kibish I pelvis". Journal of Human Evolution. 108: 199–219. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.04.004. ISSN 1095-8606. PMID 28552208.
Gibbons, Ann (7 June 2017). "World's oldest Homo sapiens fossils found in Morocco". Science. doi:10.1126/science.356.6342.993. Archived from the original on 3 September 2021. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB (2018). "Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age". Science. 360 (6384): 90–94. Bibcode:2018Sci...360...90B. doi:10.1126/science.aao2646. PMID 29545508.
Mounier, Aurélien; Lahr, Marta (2019). "Deciphering African late middle Pleistocene hominin diversity and the origin of our species". Nature Communications. 10 (1): 3406. Bibcode:2019NatCo..10.3406M. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11213-w. PMC 6736881. PMID 31506422.
Killman, James; Bentley-Buckle, A. W. (1972). "A Portuguese wreck off Mombasa, Kenya". International Journal of Nautical Archaeology. 1: 153–157. doi:10.1111/j.1095-9270.1972.tb00687.x.
Fabian, Steven (2021). "Islands in a Cosmopolitan Sea: A History of the Comoros by Iain Walker (Review)". African Studies Review. 64 (2): E30–E31. doi:10.1017/asr.2021.11. S2CID 236357241.
Leonard V Smith (September 2020). "Book review. Revenants of the German Empire: Colonial Germans, Imperialism, and the League of Nations". German History. 38 (3). doi:10.1093/gerhis/ghaa052.
Emslie, R. (2012). Diceros bicornis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T6557A16980917.en
Dewar, Robert E.; Wallis, James R (1999). "Geographical patterning in interannual rainfall variability in the tropics and near tropics: An L-moments approach". Journal of Climate. 12 (12): 3457–3466. Bibcode:1999JCli...12.3457D. doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<3457:gpoirv>2.0.co;2. S2CID 55652367.
Yang, W.; Seager, R.; Cane, M. A.; Lyon, B. (2015). "The Annual Cycle of East African Precipitation". Journal of Climate. 28 (6): 2385–2404. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00484.1.
Munday, C.; Savage, N.; Jones, R.G. (2023). "Valley formation aridifies East Africa and elevates Congo Basin rainfall". Nature. 615 (7951): 276–279. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05662-5.
Saji, N. H.; Goswami, B. N.; Vinayachandran, P. N.; Yamagata, T. (September 1999). "A dipole mode in the tropical Indian Ocean". Nature. 401 (6751): 360–363. Bibcode:1999Natur.401..360S. doi:10.1038/43854. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 16862108. S2CID 4427627. Archived from the original on 20 November 2020. Retrieved 26 November 2020.

eac.int

"East African Community continues on a trajectory of expansion as Summit admits Somalia into the bloc". Eac.int. 25 November 2023.

fordham.edu

Periplus of the Erythreaean Sea Archived 14 August 2014 at the Wayback Machine, chs. 4, 5

garoweonline.com

"Somalia: Somaliland appeals for 'cooperation with Puntland' a second time". Archived from the original on 31 January 2014.
"Somalia salt industry revives". Garowe Online. 7 March 2015. Archived from the original on 14 January 2016. Retrieved 8 March 2015.

google.com

"IFs Forecast – Version 7.00 – Google Public Data Explorer". Archived from the original on 1 May 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2015.

halowaypoint.com

"New Mombasa". Halo Waypoint. Archived from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 24 November 2020.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Balter M (January 2011). "Was North Africa the launch pad for modern human migrations?". Science. 331 (6013): 20–3. Bibcode:2011Sci...331...20B. doi:10.1126/science.331.6013.20. PMID 21212332.
Mellars, P; KC, Gori; M, Carr; PA, Soares; Richards, MB (June 2013). "Genetic and archaeological perspectives on the initial modern human colonization of southern Asia". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 110 (26): 10699–704. Bibcode:2013PNAS..11010699M. doi:10.1073/pnas.1306043110. PMC 3696785. PMID 23754394. These data support a coastally oriented dispersal of modern humans from eastern Africa to southern Asia ~60-50 thousand years ago (ka). This was associated with distinctively African microlithic and "backed-segment" technologies analogous to the African "Howiesons Poort" and related technologies, together with a range of distinctively "modern" cultural and symbolic features (highly shaped bone tools, personal ornaments, abstract artistic motifs, microblade technology, etc.), similar to those that accompanied the replacement of "archaic" Neanderthal by anatomically modern human populations in other regions of western Eurasia at a broadly similar date.
White, Tim D.; Asfaw, B.; DeGusta, D.; Gilbert, H.; Richards, G. D.; Suwa, G.; Howell, F. C. (2003), "Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia", Nature, 423 (6491): 742–747, Bibcode:2003Natur.423..742W, doi:10.1038/nature01669, PMID 12802332, S2CID 4432091
Fleagle, John G.; Brown, Francis H.; McDougall, Ian (17 February 2005). "Stratigraphic placement and age of modern humans from Kibish, Ethiopia" (PDF). Nature. 433 (7027): 733–736. Bibcode:2005Natur.433..733M. doi:10.1038/nature03258. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 15716951. S2CID 1454595. (registration required)
Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB (2018). "Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age". Science. 360 (6384): 90–94. Bibcode:2018Sci...360...90B. doi:10.1126/science.aao2646. PMID 29545508.
Mounier, Aurélien; Lahr, Marta (2019). "Deciphering African late middle Pleistocene hominin diversity and the origin of our species". Nature Communications. 10 (1): 3406. Bibcode:2019NatCo..10.3406M. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11213-w. PMC 6736881. PMID 31506422.
Dewar, Robert E.; Wallis, James R (1999). "Geographical patterning in interannual rainfall variability in the tropics and near tropics: An L-moments approach". Journal of Climate. 12 (12): 3457–3466. Bibcode:1999JCli...12.3457D. doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<3457:gpoirv>2.0.co;2. S2CID 55652367.
Saji, N. H.; Goswami, B. N.; Vinayachandran, P. N.; Yamagata, T. (September 1999). "A dipole mode in the tropical Indian Ocean". Nature. 401 (6751): 360–363. Bibcode:1999Natur.401..360S. doi:10.1038/43854. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 16862108. S2CID 4427627. Archived from the original on 20 November 2020. Retrieved 26 November 2020.

irena.org

"Eastern Africa Power Pool" (PDF). EAPP. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 October 2016. Retrieved 15 October 2014.

irinnews.org

"IRIN — Horn of Africa". IRINnews. Archived from the original on 28 August 2010. Retrieved 14 April 2008.

jhu.edu

muse.jhu.edu

Fabian, Steven (2021). "Islands in a Cosmopolitan Sea: A History of the Comoros by Iain Walker (Review)". African Studies Review. 64 (2): E30–E31. doi:10.1017/asr.2021.11. S2CID 236357241.

lumenlearning.com

courses.lumenlearning.com

"The Bantu Migration | World Civilization". courses.lumenlearning.com. Archived from the original on 13 October 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2020.

nature.com

Saji, N. H.; Goswami, B. N.; Vinayachandran, P. N.; Yamagata, T. (September 1999). "A dipole mode in the tropical Indian Ocean". Nature. 401 (6751): 360–363. Bibcode:1999Natur.401..360S. doi:10.1038/43854. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 16862108. S2CID 4427627. Archived from the original on 20 November 2020. Retrieved 26 November 2020.

nifc.ke

"Financial hub". 2024.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Liu H, Prugnolle F, Manica A, Balloux F (August 2006). "A geographically explicit genetic model of worldwide human-settlement history". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 79 (2): 230–7. doi:10.1086/505436. PMC 1559480. PMID 16826514.
Balter M (January 2011). "Was North Africa the launch pad for modern human migrations?". Science. 331 (6013): 20–3. Bibcode:2011Sci...331...20B. doi:10.1126/science.331.6013.20. PMID 21212332.
Ghirotto S; Penso-Dolfin L; Barbujani G (August 2011). "Genomic evidence for an African expansion of anatomically modern humans by a Southern route". Human Biology. 83 (4): 477–89. doi:10.3378/027.083.0403. PMID 21846205. S2CID 17344813. Archived from the original on 22 December 2019. Retrieved 2 November 2019. Data on cranial morphology have been interpreted as suggesting that, before the main expansion from Africa through the Near East, anatomically modern humans may also have taken a Southern route from the Horn of Africa through the Arabian peninsula to India, Melanesia and Australia, about 100,000 yrs ago.
Mellars, P; KC, Gori; M, Carr; PA, Soares; Richards, MB (June 2013). "Genetic and archaeological perspectives on the initial modern human colonization of southern Asia". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 110 (26): 10699–704. Bibcode:2013PNAS..11010699M. doi:10.1073/pnas.1306043110. PMC 3696785. PMID 23754394. These data support a coastally oriented dispersal of modern humans from eastern Africa to southern Asia ~60-50 thousand years ago (ka). This was associated with distinctively African microlithic and "backed-segment" technologies analogous to the African "Howiesons Poort" and related technologies, together with a range of distinctively "modern" cultural and symbolic features (highly shaped bone tools, personal ornaments, abstract artistic motifs, microblade technology, etc.), similar to those that accompanied the replacement of "archaic" Neanderthal by anatomically modern human populations in other regions of western Eurasia at a broadly similar date.
White, Tim D.; Asfaw, B.; DeGusta, D.; Gilbert, H.; Richards, G. D.; Suwa, G.; Howell, F. C. (2003), "Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia", Nature, 423 (6491): 742–747, Bibcode:2003Natur.423..742W, doi:10.1038/nature01669, PMID 12802332, S2CID 4432091
Fleagle, John G.; Brown, Francis H.; McDougall, Ian (17 February 2005). "Stratigraphic placement and age of modern humans from Kibish, Ethiopia" (PDF). Nature. 433 (7027): 733–736. Bibcode:2005Natur.433..733M. doi:10.1038/nature03258. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 15716951. S2CID 1454595. (registration required)
Hammond, Ashley S.; Royer, Danielle F.; Fleagle, John G. (July 2017). "The Omo-Kibish I pelvis". Journal of Human Evolution. 108: 199–219. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.04.004. ISSN 1095-8606. PMID 28552208.
Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB (2018). "Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age". Science. 360 (6384): 90–94. Bibcode:2018Sci...360...90B. doi:10.1126/science.aao2646. PMID 29545508.
Mounier, Aurélien; Lahr, Marta (2019). "Deciphering African late middle Pleistocene hominin diversity and the origin of our species". Nature Communications. 10 (1): 3406. Bibcode:2019NatCo..10.3406M. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11213-w. PMC 6736881. PMID 31506422.
Saji, N. H.; Goswami, B. N.; Vinayachandran, P. N.; Yamagata, T. (September 1999). "A dipole mode in the tropical Indian Ocean". Nature. 401 (6751): 360–363. Bibcode:1999Natur.401..360S. doi:10.1038/43854. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 16862108. S2CID 4427627. Archived from the original on 20 November 2020. Retrieved 26 November 2020.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Liu H, Prugnolle F, Manica A, Balloux F (August 2006). "A geographically explicit genetic model of worldwide human-settlement history". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 79 (2): 230–7. doi:10.1086/505436. PMC 1559480. PMID 16826514.
Mellars, P; KC, Gori; M, Carr; PA, Soares; Richards, MB (June 2013). "Genetic and archaeological perspectives on the initial modern human colonization of southern Asia". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 110 (26): 10699–704. Bibcode:2013PNAS..11010699M. doi:10.1073/pnas.1306043110. PMC 3696785. PMID 23754394. These data support a coastally oriented dispersal of modern humans from eastern Africa to southern Asia ~60-50 thousand years ago (ka). This was associated with distinctively African microlithic and "backed-segment" technologies analogous to the African "Howiesons Poort" and related technologies, together with a range of distinctively "modern" cultural and symbolic features (highly shaped bone tools, personal ornaments, abstract artistic motifs, microblade technology, etc.), similar to those that accompanied the replacement of "archaic" Neanderthal by anatomically modern human populations in other regions of western Eurasia at a broadly similar date.
Mounier, Aurélien; Lahr, Marta (2019). "Deciphering African late middle Pleistocene hominin diversity and the origin of our species". Nature Communications. 10 (1): 3406. Bibcode:2019NatCo..10.3406M. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11213-w. PMC 6736881. PMID 31506422.

npr.org

Chatterjee, Rhitu (15 March 2018). "Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up in Kenya". NPR. Archived from the original on 15 March 2018. Retrieved 15 March 2018.

nytimes.com

Zimmer, Carl (10 September 2019). "Scientists Find the Skull of Humanity's Ancestor — on a Computer – By comparing fossils and CT scans, researchers say they have reconstructed the skull of the last common forebear of modern humans". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 31 December 2019. Retrieved 10 September 2019.

oup.com

academic.oup.com

Leonard V Smith (September 2020). "Book review. Revenants of the German Empire: Colonial Germans, Imperialism, and the League of Nations". German History. 38 (3). doi:10.1093/gerhis/ghaa052.

reliefweb.int

"Climate risk report for the East Africa region - Ethiopia | ReliefWeb". reliefweb.int. 11 July 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2023.

rero.ch

doc.rero.ch

Fleagle, John G.; Brown, Francis H.; McDougall, Ian (17 February 2005). "Stratigraphic placement and age of modern humans from Kibish, Ethiopia" (PDF). Nature. 433 (7027): 733–736. Bibcode:2005Natur.433..733M. doi:10.1038/nature03258. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 15716951. S2CID 1454595. (registration required)

reuters.com

Canada's Africa Oil starts Somalia seismic survey Archived 22 March 2020 at the Wayback Machine – Reuters

science.org

Gibbons, Ann (7 June 2017). "World's oldest Homo sapiens fossils found in Morocco". Science. doi:10.1126/science.356.6342.993. Archived from the original on 3 September 2021. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

sciencefocus.com

"Could Africa soon split in two? The bizarre scientific theory, explained". www.sciencefocus.com. Retrieved 6 June 2024.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Ghirotto S; Penso-Dolfin L; Barbujani G (August 2011). "Genomic evidence for an African expansion of anatomically modern humans by a Southern route". Human Biology. 83 (4): 477–89. doi:10.3378/027.083.0403. PMID 21846205. S2CID 17344813. Archived from the original on 22 December 2019. Retrieved 2 November 2019. Data on cranial morphology have been interpreted as suggesting that, before the main expansion from Africa through the Near East, anatomically modern humans may also have taken a Southern route from the Horn of Africa through the Arabian peninsula to India, Melanesia and Australia, about 100,000 yrs ago.
White, Tim D.; Asfaw, B.; DeGusta, D.; Gilbert, H.; Richards, G. D.; Suwa, G.; Howell, F. C. (2003), "Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia", Nature, 423 (6491): 742–747, Bibcode:2003Natur.423..742W, doi:10.1038/nature01669, PMID 12802332, S2CID 4432091
Fleagle, John G.; Brown, Francis H.; McDougall, Ian (17 February 2005). "Stratigraphic placement and age of modern humans from Kibish, Ethiopia" (PDF). Nature. 433 (7027): 733–736. Bibcode:2005Natur.433..733M. doi:10.1038/nature03258. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 15716951. S2CID 1454595. (registration required)
Fabian, Steven (2021). "Islands in a Cosmopolitan Sea: A History of the Comoros by Iain Walker (Review)". African Studies Review. 64 (2): E30–E31. doi:10.1017/asr.2021.11. S2CID 236357241.
Dewar, Robert E.; Wallis, James R (1999). "Geographical patterning in interannual rainfall variability in the tropics and near tropics: An L-moments approach". Journal of Climate. 12 (12): 3457–3466. Bibcode:1999JCli...12.3457D. doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<3457:gpoirv>2.0.co;2. S2CID 55652367.
Saji, N. H.; Goswami, B. N.; Vinayachandran, P. N.; Yamagata, T. (September 1999). "A dipole mode in the tropical Indian Ocean". Nature. 401 (6751): 360–363. Bibcode:1999Natur.401..360S. doi:10.1038/43854. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 16862108. S2CID 4427627. Archived from the original on 20 November 2020. Retrieved 26 November 2020.

smithsonianmag.com

"Meet the Contenders for Earliest Modern Human". Smithsonian. 11 January 2012. Archived from the original on 2 June 2016. Retrieved 8 June 2016.

tandfonline.com

Mitchell, Peter (1 October 2020). "Settling Madagascar: When Did People First Colonize the World's Largest Island?". The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology. 15 (4): 576–595. doi:10.1080/15564894.2019.1582567. ISSN 1556-4894.
Killman, James; Bentley-Buckle, A. W. (1972). "A Portuguese wreck off Mombasa, Kenya". International Journal of Nautical Archaeology. 1: 153–157. doi:10.1111/j.1095-9270.1972.tb00687.x.

theatlantic.com

Yong, Ed (15 March 2018). "A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity — New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 17 November 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2018.

tripindigo.com

"7 Days in Entebbe and 13 Other Movies Set In East Africa". tripindigo.com. 23 April 2018. Archived from the original on 16 October 2020. Retrieved 27 May 2021.

uiowa.edu

africa.uima.uiowa.edu

"Swahili - Art & Life in Africa - The University of Iowa Museum of Art". africa.uima.uiowa.edu. Retrieved 31 October 2019.

un.org

millenniumindicators.un.org

"United Nations Statistics Division- Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49)". un.org. Archived from the original on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 22 September 2008.

unstats.un.org

"Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2015. United Nations Statistics Division. 2016. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2017.

esa.un.org

"World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations". esa.un.org. Archived from the original on 24 January 2018. Retrieved 29 November 2017.

undp.org

"Economic Recovery and the Role of the State" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 January 2011. Retrieved 29 April 2010.

unep.org

"Eastern Africa region". 17 August 2017.

washington.edu

depts.washington.edu

"Weilue: The Peoples of the West". depts.washington.edu. Archived from the original on 23 December 2017. Retrieved 2 January 2014.

wayne.edu

digitalcommons.wayne.edu

Ghirotto S; Penso-Dolfin L; Barbujani G (August 2011). "Genomic evidence for an African expansion of anatomically modern humans by a Southern route". Human Biology. 83 (4): 477–89. doi:10.3378/027.083.0403. PMID 21846205. S2CID 17344813. Archived from the original on 22 December 2019. Retrieved 2 November 2019. Data on cranial morphology have been interpreted as suggesting that, before the main expansion from Africa through the Near East, anatomically modern humans may also have taken a Southern route from the Horn of Africa through the Arabian peninsula to India, Melanesia and Australia, about 100,000 yrs ago.

web.archive.org

"United Nations Statistics Division- Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49)". un.org. Archived from the original on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 22 September 2008.
"IRIN — Horn of Africa". IRINnews. Archived from the original on 28 August 2010. Retrieved 14 April 2008.
"Eastern Africa Power Pool" (PDF). EAPP. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 October 2016. Retrieved 15 October 2014.
Searching for traces of the Southern Dispersal Archived 10 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine, by Dr. Marta Mirazón Lahr, et al.
Ghirotto S; Penso-Dolfin L; Barbujani G (August 2011). "Genomic evidence for an African expansion of anatomically modern humans by a Southern route". Human Biology. 83 (4): 477–89. doi:10.3378/027.083.0403. PMID 21846205. S2CID 17344813. Archived from the original on 22 December 2019. Retrieved 2 November 2019. Data on cranial morphology have been interpreted as suggesting that, before the main expansion from Africa through the Near East, anatomically modern humans may also have taken a Southern route from the Horn of Africa through the Arabian peninsula to India, Melanesia and Australia, about 100,000 yrs ago.
"Meet the Contenders for Earliest Modern Human". Smithsonian. 11 January 2012. Archived from the original on 2 June 2016. Retrieved 8 June 2016.
Gibbons, Ann (7 June 2017). "World's oldest Homo sapiens fossils found in Morocco". Science. doi:10.1126/science.356.6342.993. Archived from the original on 3 September 2021. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
Chatterjee, Rhitu (15 March 2018). "Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up in Kenya". NPR. Archived from the original on 15 March 2018. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
Yong, Ed (15 March 2018). "A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity — New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 17 November 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
Zimmer, Carl (10 September 2019). "Scientists Find the Skull of Humanity's Ancestor — on a Computer – By comparing fossils and CT scans, researchers say they have reconstructed the skull of the last common forebear of modern humans". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 31 December 2019. Retrieved 10 September 2019.
Andebrhan Welde Giorgis (2014). Eritrea at a Crossroads: A Narrative of Triumph, Betrayal and Hope. Strategic Book Publishing. p. 21. ISBN 978-1-62857-331-2. Archived from the original on 13 October 2022. Retrieved 14 October 2015.
David Phillipson: revised by Michael DiBlasi (1 November 2012). Neil Asher Silberman (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Archaeology (Second ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 48. ISBN 9780199735785. Archived from the original on 6 February 2015. Retrieved 11 November 2016.
Periplus of the Erythreaean Sea Archived 14 August 2014 at the Wayback Machine, chs. 4, 5
"The Bantu Migration | World Civilization". courses.lumenlearning.com. Archived from the original on 13 October 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
James De Vere Allen (1993). Swahili Origins: Swahili Culture & the Shungwaya Phenomenon. James Currey Publishers. ISBN 978-0-85255-075-5. Archived from the original on 13 October 2022. Retrieved 23 January 2018.
"Weilue: The Peoples of the West". depts.washington.edu. Archived from the original on 23 December 2017. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
Klein, Martin A.; Wesley Johnson, G. (8 January 2010). "Perspectives on the African past – Google Books". Archived from the original on 13 October 2022. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
Hill, John E. 2004. The Peoples of the West from the Weilue 魏略 by Yu Huan 魚豢: A Third Century Chinese Account Composed between 239 and 265 CE. Draft annotated English translation. See especially Section 15 on Zesan = Azania and notes.
Rich, Evelyn Jones; Wallerstein, Immanuel Maurice (2 July 1971). Africa: Tradition and Change. Random House School Division. ISBN 9780394009384. Archived from the original on 13 October 2022. Retrieved 14 October 2015 – via Google Books.
Gonzales, Rhonda M. (30 August 2009). Societies, religion, and history: central-east Tanzanians and the world they created, c. 200 BCE to 1800 CE. Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231142427. Archived from the original on 13 October 2022. Retrieved 14 October 2015 – via Google Books.
Canada's Africa Oil starts Somalia seismic survey Archived 22 March 2020 at the Wayback Machine – Reuters
"Economic Recovery and the Role of the State" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 January 2011. Retrieved 29 April 2010.
"Somalia: Somaliland appeals for 'cooperation with Puntland' a second time". Archived from the original on 31 January 2014.
"Sudan's Omar Bashir warning over Abyei". BBC News. 11 July 2011. Archived from the original on 13 October 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
"Somalia salt industry revives". Garowe Online. 7 March 2015. Archived from the original on 14 January 2016. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
"The World Factbook – Population". CIA. Archived from the original on 4 October 2018. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
"Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2015. United Nations Statistics Division. 2016. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
Davis, Mike (July 2002). Late Victorian Holocausts: El Niño Famines and the Making of the Third World. Verso. pp. 263–266. ISBN 978-1-85984-382-6. Archived from the original on 13 October 2022. Retrieved 14 October 2015.
Saji, N. H.; Goswami, B. N.; Vinayachandran, P. N.; Yamagata, T. (September 1999). "A dipole mode in the tropical Indian Ocean". Nature. 401 (6751): 360–363. Bibcode:1999Natur.401..360S. doi:10.1038/43854. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 16862108. S2CID 4427627. Archived from the original on 20 November 2020. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
"World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations". esa.un.org. Archived from the original on 24 January 2018. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
"IFs Forecast – Version 7.00 – Google Public Data Explorer". Archived from the original on 1 May 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2015.
"7 Days in Entebbe and 13 Other Movies Set In East Africa". tripindigo.com. 23 April 2018. Archived from the original on 16 October 2020. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
"New Mombasa". Halo Waypoint. Archived from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 24 November 2020.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Mitchell, Peter (1 October 2020). "Settling Madagascar: When Did People First Colonize the World's Largest Island?". The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology. 15 (4): 576–595. doi:10.1080/15564894.2019.1582567. ISSN 1556-4894.
Maxon, Robert M. (2009). East Africa. Morgantown: West Virginia University Press. ISBN 978-1-933202-46-4. OCLC 318191973.
Fleagle, John G.; Brown, Francis H.; McDougall, Ian (17 February 2005). "Stratigraphic placement and age of modern humans from Kibish, Ethiopia" (PDF). Nature. 433 (7027): 733–736. Bibcode:2005Natur.433..733M. doi:10.1038/nature03258. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 15716951. S2CID 1454595. (registration required)
Hammond, Ashley S.; Royer, Danielle F.; Fleagle, John G. (July 2017). "The Omo-Kibish I pelvis". Journal of Human Evolution. 108: 199–219. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.04.004. ISSN 1095-8606. PMID 28552208.
Saji, N. H.; Goswami, B. N.; Vinayachandran, P. N.; Yamagata, T. (September 1999). "A dipole mode in the tropical Indian Ocean". Nature. 401 (6751): 360–363. Bibcode:1999Natur.401..360S. doi:10.1038/43854. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 16862108. S2CID 4427627. Archived from the original on 20 November 2020. Retrieved 26 November 2020.